The graph here shows the number of pages of a storybook read by 4 students on a particular day during vacation. i Story book reading a. Which student read the maximum number of pages? b. Whats the total number of pages read by Azhar and Revathi together? c. Who read the least number of pages? What is that number? Read the information given here carefully Rahul Nisha Azhar Revathi and represent the same using bar graph. Student A primary school staged a play to raise funds for its institution. Each class was asked to sell tickets. Here is the number of tickets sold by each class. Class 1 - 80 tickets Class 4 - 50 tickets Class 2 - 70 tickets Class 5 - 40 tickets Class 3 - 60 tickets 8 “Took Anead + Pie chart or circle graph + Line graph + Tally markspeta Graphs are of different kinds. They are used to show data or information, usually using =< numbers, pictures or symbols. an you think of all es the things you need We will needa tomake a graph? note book, pencils anda ruler. > Steps to follow when you want to make a graph. Step 1:Read and gather information. Step 2: Decide which type of graph will be most suitable for the given information. Step 3: Decide the variables to be shown on the two axes. Step 4: Choose a suitable key, wherever necessary, so that you can represent all the. numbers involved in the graph. Once you are ready with all these, itis very easy to draw a graph. Graphs help the reader | to gather all the information that is required. Given below are examples of different kinds ; of graphs one can make. & Bar graph \ Pie chart (Circle graph) ; 2 & Graphs — Pictograph Line graphScene al Pie Chart or Circle Graph Ce F Ina pie chart ora circle graph, a circle is divided into parts’ to show the information. The parts will vary in size according to the information presented. Let us try to read a pie chart. The pie chart here shows the four different fruits in a basket. Now, tick (V) the correct statements and cross (X) the wrong ones. a. There are more bananas in the basket than apples. x b, The number of mangoes is equal to the number of oranges and bananas put together. __v c. The number of oranges is equal to the number of bananas. _/ We are now ready to construct a pie chart on our own. Example: The data below shows the 4 colours that students of class 4 like. The total number of students in the class is 80. celts Red Yellow Blue Green | ees ued 10 20 40 10 Solution: To show the data, find the fraction of students who like a given particular colour. Red = 100utofg0=10-1 80 8 Yellow = 200ut of 80 = 20 2 80 8 4 Blue = 40outofe0=40- 4 ( 3 i Green = 10m 10 out of 80 = — = — 80 8 Now using these fractions, construct a pie chart as given above. ; 4My Practice Time 1 ._ The following pie chart shows the various monthly expenses of Mr Ahuja whose monthly income is€25,000, Answer the following questions by looking at the pie chart. a. Onwhich item does Mr Ahuja spend the maximum amount? b. What is the total amount spent on clothing and transportation altogether? © Onwhich item does Mr Ahuja spend the minimum, amount? d. Does Mr Ahuja spend more on education or food? ._ The given pie chart shows the number of students using various means of transport to come to school daily. Answer the following questions by looking at the pie chart. a. Bywhich means of transport, do the maximum, number of students come to school daily? b. Find the difference between the number of students. coming by school bus and own transport. By which means of transport do the minimum number of students come to school daily? d._Find the difference in the number of students who come to school by bicycle and on foot. Marks scored by Ankur in an entrance test are as follows. Gk Maths Science 5 10 5 Represent the data using a pie chart. The data given below shows number of hours spent by Reena on various acti working day. iesona Lewis) School | Homework | Sleep | Playing and Others CO 5 4 8 * | ints =e Represent the data using a pie chart.QO ve. fia Bg Le. (si, [Fess Balanced food is the way to a healthy life. We all should have balanced meals with carbohydrates, proteins, fats and minerals in them. For students of your age, who are growing, a major portion of your diet should be carbohydrates, then proteins and finally fats. Make a pie chart for the amount of carbohydrates, . Proteins and fats intake in your diet. = i Aline graph is usually used to show gradual change or changes that take place (ss) over a period of time. ey —_— Example 1: The given line graph shows the number of participants in the drawing ‘competition of a school during the last five years. Answer the following questions by looking at the line graph. a, _Inwhich year did the maximum number of students participate in the competition? b, Find the difference between the number of students who took part in the ‘competition in the years 2010 and 2014. c. How many students took part in the competition in the leap year? d._ In which year did the minimum number of students participate in the competition? Participants in a drawing competition 100 e 80 & 80. Se ai Scale : 1 unit = 20 participants ¢ o SNeraee = 3 40 | 20 ; | 2010 20112012, 20132014 Years Solution: a. Year 2011 b. Number of students who took part in the competition in the year 2010 = 75 Number of students who took part in the competition in the year 2014 = 70 Difference in the number of participants = 75 - 70 = 5 60 d. Year 2012 9example 2: The temperature in Delhi on various days of a week in the month of August is as follows: Paths acura) Prenits Sun | Mon | Tues | Wed | Thur | Fri_| Sat 32 |36 | 34 | as | a9 | 35 37 | Draw a line graph for the data. Also, answer the following questions. 2, Whatis represented on the horizontal axis of the graph? b. What is represented on the vertical axis of the graph? sol Temperature in Dein a week of August ‘a. Horizontal axis represents ‘Days of the week: = ue b. Vertical a 2 ae seale:tunt= 10 represents “Temperature in °C: Temperature) 03 Sun Mon Tues Wed Thur Fal Sat Daysothe week My Practice Time 2 1. The line graph shows the sale of milk in litres at a shop during a week. we ‘The sale of mile Scale: unit= $file Men Tue Wed Thu fi Sat Sun Daysof the week —§ ——— eNow, answer the following questions. a. Onwhich day was the maximum quantity of milk sold? b, How much more milk was sold on Tuesday than Monday? <._ How many litres of milk was sold on Friday? Read the information given below carefully. Balu left from Chennai for Krishnagiri (a distance of 200 km) by car, on a Sunday morning at 6:00 a.m. In the first hour, he covered 50 km, in the second hour, he covered 35 km, in the third hour, he covered 32 km, in the fourth hour, again he picked up some speed and covered 48 km and, in the last hour, he drove 35 km, ns and then draw a line graph. xy ‘Answer the following que a Whatis the graph about? b. What will the horizontal axis represent? | & What will the vertical axis represent? d. Whats your scale going to show? | 3. The following line graph shows the sale of ice cream in a store from April to August. | The sales of ice cream 40 — Weis Seale: ant= 5k ice cen | § 2 30. Eas 2en Sis $20 5 o ar My ey Agen Monts ‘Answer the following questions by looking at the graph. a. In which month were the sales minimum? b, What was the total sale of ice creams in the month of July and August? <._In which month were the sales maximum? d. What is the difference in the sale of ce cream in the months of May and July? 4, The weight of a boy from birth till years of age is as follows: a Atbirth | 1 year | 2 years | 3 years | 4 years | 5 years Vere 4 10 |B o[eaet [22 - [23 8 Represent the following data by a line graph.Scale: 1 unit = 5m rain Sun Mon Tues Wed Thur fri Sat { Days ofthe week Create five questions that can be asked based on this graph. Tally Marks Tally marks is the easiest way of counting objects of a particular type by grouping five, ‘objects or items together. For example, RF isrepresented as I why why why Wy isrepresentedas || HAA AA rennin iExample 1: Here are some animals we have heard about. owe we o Bas wow Bo wo Wo WY ee ee Count the number of animals of each type using tally marks. Solution: & * an 33 Ml 5 Example 2: The following table shows the list of favourite sports of various students ina class. Answer the following by looking at the table. a. Which sport is the favourite sport of a | Tally Marks the maximum number of students? b. How many students like football? Which sport is the favourite sport of the minimum number of students? d. Whats the total number of students in the class? Solution: a. Cricket Ro? Tennis Total number of students in the class =6+7+4+8=25My Practice Time 3 The following data shows the favourite fruit ofthe students in a cass. Represent the data using tally marks, Seesowoodsete OFeehoeuve see C$ROeceesosassed The following data shows the different items in the hands of people at a Christmas party. Represent the data using tally marks, WAGoot oi FoF .rWoer Gaorttog at\@ ‘The following table shows the favourite food item of some people. ‘Answer the following questions TIKIT INUINI | = THUll THUINUTHUL Sod ca carton & v PNITNITHIII. Which of the given food item is liked by the maximum number of people? b. Whatis the difference between the number of people who like ice cream and those who like chocolates? . Which of the given food items is liked by the minimum number of people? d. How many people were taken into the survey? @. Are these food items good for our health? Discuss. 4. The following table shows the favourite colour of some children. Answer the following questions using the table. ee = bdbas Tally Marks | [NIII|_ | TNIll Ml MIT Ml a. Which colouris liked the most by children? b. Which two colours are liked by the same number of children? Which colours are liked the least? d. How many children are there in total? et elrerrané tere é _ My Experiment with Maths : Watch the weather report on television carefully and note down the maximum temperature in 6 ‘major cities on a particular day. ignore the decimal part of the reading noted. Now, make a line graph with the information gathered. collection of information in the form of numerical figures is called data. Ina pie chart, a circle is divided into different parts to represent the data, : Aline graph is used to show gradual changes that take place over a period of time. ‘ Tally marks Is a quick way of keeping track of numbers in groups of five.Data axis/Axes inform: i ‘ation, especially facts or numbers, collected to be examined The base line : The base linelines ona graph used tolcate the position ofa point Tesponding toa given value Tally @ record or count of a number of things Graph —_apicture that shows how two sets of information are related, usually by lines or curves Hy Learning Beyond Average or Mean as itis called in Mathematics is the sum of a list of numbers divided by the number of numbers in the list. Iti finding the central value of thelist. The average value ofa given set of numbers will always be more than the smallest number and less than the greatest number in the set. Finding the average ensures an equal distribution of the total ‘amount among the various contributors to the set. For example, if you find the average expenses of a person in a year, it gives you an idea as to whats the amount he should be spending on each month. It also helps to find out whether that person is spending a lot of money or less ina particular month. Here are some examples for which we generally find the average. + When 2 teams like India and England are playing cricket, the second team that bats should look at the total score of the first team and divide it by the number of overs they have for batting to get the average runs to be scored in each over. Here knowing the average runs to be scored per over will help them plan how to bat. + When a teacher conducts a test, she needs to find the average performance of the class tohelp improve the quality of her teaching. + Knowing the average rainfall in a season will help plan in cultivation of crops and how to augment other resources. + When the government knows how many people are paying taxes and what will be the average amount collected, year after year, it can increase the taxes or decrease its expenditures accordingly. Can you think of a real-life situation where knowing the average will be useful?Ss wx WN Baws Yay Sa 8 wig SA v§) S. Ws NN ae S NN NS & S & |. Here is a graph on how Leena spent 15 hours of her day. a. How long did she spend at school? Leena’s day schedule b. For how long did she watch TV? t . Scale: unit = Did she spend more time watching da Tunit= 1 hou TVor doing homework? Ee d. On doing which activity did she spend 2 2 the most number of hours-playor = 1 others? a a St @. Onwhich activity did she spend the ia if # least amount of time? Activities —e v . Draw pie chart showing the following information and frame 5 questions of your own for it. There were 16 students attending an art class. Out of those, 8 students liked to do clay work, 4 students liked to do painting, 2 students wanted to do pencil sketching and 2 students wanted to work with crayons. 3. The average rainfall in Agra for 5 years is as follows: aries 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 CCI (tras) 15 21 17 10 Represent the following data using a line graph. . Complete the given table.sheetal and her friends, Meera, Nita, Rohan, Skravan, Kayal, Gokul and Feroz, went fo the beach. They started from Meera’ house at 4:45 p.m. They carried with them a box rontaining a volleybala net and some colour powder. The box measured 30 cm wide, 40 cm long and 45 cm tall. They were very excited about going to the beach. On the way, they stopped at a mall and bought two boxes of Glucose powder at €15 Per bos, a dozen bananas at €48 a dozen, a crate of 8 orange-juice bottles at €240 per crate, 15 packets of biscuits at 850 per packet and half a kg of carrots at 848 per kg. They. found lots of signs in the corridors of the mall showing the way to different shops. (# =®- By the time they reached the beach, it was 17:30 hours. The weather was very pleasant and the temperature read 25°C. They had good flood lights at the beach and they set up a volleyball pitch measuring 18 m x 9m. While some of them set up the pitch, some cleared the space of all the shells strewn ‘around. Sheetal collected 60 shells, Feroz collected 30 shells and Nita collected 30 shells. They played to their hearts’ content, taking turns until 8:00 p.m. and reached Meera’s house after 1 hour 30 minutes. On the basis of the text you have just read, answer the following questions. 1, What is the price of 5 bananas? 2. How much will you pay for 3 bottles of orange juice? 3, Whatis the price of 250 g of carrots? 4. ifthe shopkeeper sold 15 packets of biscuits at 700, then how much profit or loss Sheetal and her friends make? 5, What is the volume of the box they used for carrying the ball and the net? Draw the net of the box.10. u 12. 13. 14, a x 19. 20. . Given that Sheetal and her friends enjoyed till 8 o'clock, identify What is the perimeter and area of the volleyball pitch that the friends marked on the beach? If you were to make another pitch with the same area but different perimeter, what will be the length of each side? Ifthe weight of the bananas bought by them is 1 kg 250 g and weight of biscuits is 775 g, then find the weight of bananas sold by dozen and biscuits altogether. Did they spend more time in travel and purchase or in playing? Convert the unit of length of the box to hectometre and width to decametre. - Convert the time taken to reach Meera's house from the beach into minutes. If the capacity of one juice bottle is 1/350 ml, then find the capacity of all the juice bottles in the crate. Convert the temperature at the beach to °F. Rewrite the time: a. they started in 24-hour clock b. they reached the beach in 12-hour clock the angle marked in the clock. . In the volleyball pitch given below, mark all the right angles. . . At the mall, Sheetal and her friends saw a passage as shown here. Identify the type of angle formed. . Draw three stages of rotation in anti-clockwise direction of the two arrows that the friends noticed in the mall. 5 6 a. Draw the reflection of each around their baseline. b. Find the line of symmetry of each, if any. Draw a route map from your house to the nearest mall. Complete the table given below depicting the shells collected by Sheetal and her friends. Name | Number of shells collected [Tally Marks Sheetal | 60 Fe se Feroz 30 $363 i i: Nita L 30 Now, represent it using a pie chart.