Grammar Test

FOR
QUIC
K-WI
LEAR TTED
N ER S
GRAMMAR
IS ALL YOU NEED
WORKBOOK
COMPLICATED ENGLISH GRAMMAR
EXPLAINED SIMPLY
A GLIMPSE OF WHAT’S AHEAD:
1. Articles: they finally make sense ………………………………………………………………. 3
2. Nouns: countable, uncountable, or…?.............................................................. 6
3. Pluralia tantum and singularia tantum: which is which? ….………………….……. 11
4. Bored or boring? Adjectives ending in -ED and –ING ..................................... 12
5. Prepositions of time: a moment of clarity ………………………..………………………. 15
6. Prepositions of place: at, on or something else?.……………………….…............ 18
7. Adjective and preposition combinations …………………………………………..…….… 21
8. Adjectives and adverbs: What’s the difference? …………………………………….…. 24
9. English tenses and their uses …………………………………..……………………….…….. 27
10. Reported speech ………………………………………………………………..…………..…..….. 30
11. Verb lists: infinitives and gerunds ………………………………….…………….…..…..…. 32
12. DO or MAKE? …………………………………………………………………………….….……….... 37
13. How to use zero and first conditional ............................................................. 41
14. Second and third conditional: the sky is the limit …………………………...………... 43
15. Mixed conditionals ………………………………….………………………..………….………….. 46
16. What is another word for IF?.……..................................................................… 50
Answer Keys ……………………………………..……………………………………………………. 52
2
1 ARTICLES: THEY FINALLY MAKE SENSE
Exercise 1. Insert articles where necessary.
1. ____ person I met yesterday turned out to be a famous actor.
2. Last summer, I travelled to ____ UK and it was the
most amazing trip ever.
3. My father is ____ chemistry teacher and he works at our local
public school.
4. His favorite holiday is _____ New Year’s Eve.
5. I’m such a grumpy person in ____ morning, until I have a coffee
at least.
6. _____ church can’t control the state, especially a secular one.
7. ____ Trumps were the family in power in the USA.
8. I would love to get ____ new computer for my birthday.
9. In ____ 1930s many drastic changes in history took place.
10. Do you play _____ golf?
11. ____ privileged often can’t understand the struggles of less
fortunate people.
12. When I was 6, I had ___ pet, it was a beautiful
German Shepherd.
13. My boyfriend plays ____ banjo and likes country music.
14. On ___ Mondays we all feel like the weekend didn’t even
happen at all.
15. She said, she missed me like ___ desert misses ___ rain.
16. Will there be ____ pool at the party?
17. Many people have tried to conquer ____ Mount Everest, but not
many have succeeded.
18. All of last year was ___ complete disaster.
19. Children usually dislike going to ___ school, as they see no fun
in learning.
20. Have you met Dan? He’s ____ friend of mine, actually.
3
Exercise 2. Insert articles where necessary.
______ Lake Baikal ______ Africa ______ California
____ Sahara desert ______ Pacific Ocean ______ Netherlands
______ Asia ______ London ______ East Coast
______ Moscow ____ Mediterranean Sea ______ USA
______ Germany ____ Europe ______ River Thames

4
Exercise 3. In the following sentences, correct any
errors in article use.
1. The French kids go to the school when they are 6-7 years old.
2. Nick works for a same company as you do. Have you ever met?
3. Could you drop me off near theater? I’ll walk from there.
4. Who has the breakfast at 12PM? Is it even legal?
5. Richard Ramirez, a serial killer who terrorized the LA for a
year, was captured and put in the prison in 1985.
6. Mary said she was going to the bed as she was exhausted
after long day.
7. Which do you like more — the jazz or the blues?
8. I prefer travelling by a train but sometimes it is much faster to
take an airplane.
9. The actions speak louder than the words.
10. When in a Rome, do as Romans do.
1. __________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________
6. __________________________________________________
7. __________________________________________________
8. __________________________________________________
9. __________________________________________________
10. __________________________________________________
5
2 NOUNS: COUNTABLE, UNCOUNTABLE, OR…?
Exercise 1. Print out pages 6-8 and make cards. Then play a matching
game: the same noun with two different meanings (countable and
uncountable).
Countable Countable Countable Countable

A CHICKEN A GLASS AN IRON A MEMORY
a container an electric an experience

an animal for fluids tool in the past
Uncountable Uncountable Uncountable Uncountable

CHICKEN GLASS IRON MEMORY
a meal a material a material a general

ability
6
A WORK A PAPER A LIGHT A SPEED
a newspaper an electrical a particular

a product or document source of light speed in km/h

WORK PAPER LIGHT SPEED
light as a speed
an activity a material phenomenon/ as a physical
(a job) rays quantity
7
A COFFEE A ROOM A LOVE A FAITH
a specific a room in a
number of drinks house or any a person a religion
(also 1 drink) building

COFFEE ROOM LOVE FAITH
a product, synonym love as to have faith

a liquid drink for space a feeling in something
8
Exercise 2. Choose the correct option.
1. Lucie and I share a lot of beautiful memories/memory

together.
2. Whenever we go to a restaurant Kate always orders a
chicken/chicken as her entree. She is allergic to other types of
meat.
3. Christianity is a faith/faith that teaches people to love and
protect their nearest and dearest.
4. Her pictures are considered to be a work/works of art by
many critics.
5. This building is built from glass and iron/glasses and irons.
6. Kathie wants to improve her memory/memories as she needs
to learn a lot of stuff for her exams.
7. California has officially banned the use of plastic straws. Now
you will be offered reusable straws or straws made out of
papers/paper.
8. A chicken/chicken is a perfect farm animal which is easy to
breed and take care of.
9. I’d like a strong coffee/strong coffee and a sandwich, please.
10. There was some dim light/a dim light at the end of the tunnel.
11. Having lost his wife, Daniel surrounded his kids
with a love/the love and tenderness they needed.
12. This new hotel offers visitors a large number of spacious
room/rooms with stunning views.
13. This case caused so much public controversy and it got
huge media coverage in all the papers/all papers.
14. The importance of Jill’s work/works for the benefit of your
company must be paramount.
15. Suzie believed that Mark was a love/the love of her life until
she met Zac.
16. A light/light that was coming from the blinds woke me up.
17. Don’t worry, there’s still plenty of rooms/room in the suitcase.
18. Jack never lost a faith/faith in humanity even in his darkest
moments.
19. I can’t seem to find an iron/some iron in this hotel room. But I
can’t wear such a wrinkled dress.
20. The excessive consumption of coffees/coffee is dangerous for
your health.
9
Exercise 3. Choose the correct option in each case.
1. There are less/fewer fruits in this picture than in the other.

2. The secretary didn’t provide us with much/many information.
3. Even after the last meeting, we made little/few changes to our
project.
4. I think you should cut down on the amount/number of milk
you consume.
5. Do you think gluten-free bread has less/fewer calories than
regular bread?
6. This restaurant caters a/- delicious food.
7. The amount/number of immigrants in European countries is
increasing.
8. The case had to be reconsidered with these/this new evidence
supplied by the witness.
9. Jack’s goal for this summer is to make as much/many money
as possible.
10. Wendy met a large amount/number of interesting people at
that party.
10
3 PLURALIA TANTUM AND SINGULARIA
TANTUM: WHICH IS WHICH?

Yesterday, I received some great news, which was/were a
complete shock for me. My boyfriend told me that he bought 2
tickets to the Netherlands/Netherland, and we are going to spend
a week there. It is an expensive country, but luckily money is/are
not a problem at the moment. Although, we’ll book an apartment
in the suburb/suburbs, as it’s cheaper. I’m excited to try all kinds
of local cheese/cheeses there, I even got advices/pieces of advice
from my friends, who have already been there. The people is/are
very friendly there, like most Europeans. It’s probably going to
rain, so I have to decide which cloth/clothes to take with me —
some comfy leggings is/are suitable for long walks. We will
definitely have a lot of fun/funs there!
Exercise 2. Determine the number of the subject and

make the verb and subject agree in number.
1. Connor's family (to be) in the process of having tea when
we arrived.
2. The police (to know) about him for years.
3. The public (to ask not to leave litter in these woods.
4. There (to be) two fish in his basket now.
5. The team (to play) tomorrow morning.
6. My trousers (to be) clean now.
7. Do you know what the news (to be)?
8. He is usually reserved, but he becomes very passionate when
politics [to be] discussed.
9. Ethics (to be) a difficult subject.
10. You’ve bought yourself a nice car. Your money (to be)
well spent.
11. His advice (to be) always useful to me.
11
4 BORED OR BORING? ADJECTIVES
ENDING
IN -ED AND -ING
Exercise 1. Connect the verbs which can form adjectives
ending in -ED and -ING.
to forgive to play
to fight
to throw to cook
to fascinate to intimidate
to interest to inspire to bore
to tire
to work to annoy to rest
to stun to entertain
to shock to run
to spend
to bring to astonish
to predict
to worry to relax
to fly
to order
to die to hide
to amaze to thrill
to learn
to mesmerize
to ride
Feel free to use a dictionary!
12
Exercise 2. Use the following words to make sentences.
1. were, students, boring, because, bored, the lecture, was

2. everyone, worrying, the news, that’s why, is, is, worried
3. was, Nancy, excited, because, the trip, exciting, was
4. were, we, exhausting, because, exhausted, the dance class,
was
5. I, relaxing, the music, because, is, am, relaxed
6. my parents, alarming, the situation, because, is, are, alarmed
7. terrified, is, the girls, are, terrifying, the movie, that’s why
8. Judie, surprised, was, his marriage proposal, was, surprising,
because
9. distracted, is, Luke, that’s why, distracting, his phone, is
10. Mike, interesting, isn’t, interested, her story, isn’t, because
1. __________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________
6. __________________________________________________
7. __________________________________________________
8. __________________________________________________
9. __________________________________________________
10. __________________________________________________
13
1. My children are never amusing/amused by clowns.

2. Working hard and still not getting any results can be
frustrating/frustrated.
3. This math class is so boring/bored!
4. Whenever Nancy feels depressed/depressing she always eats
some chocolate and takes a relaxing bath.
5. We all admitted that Elon Musk’s new idea is absolutely
fascinated/fascinating.
6. Jack has been giving me some mixed signals. It's rather
confusing/confused.
7. The journey back home was more exhausting/exhausted than
the whole trip itself.
8. The plane began to move in a rather alarming/alarmed way.
9. Jackie gets easily frightening/frightened when she sees any
kind of insects.
10. Kids are really embarrassing/embarrassed when their parents
decide to show their baby photos.
11. My fiancée couldn’t be more exciting/excited as we're going to
Paris for our honeymoon.
12. I hate long flights, I’m always really boring/bored.
13. My daughter looked very surprising/surprised when I told her
we couldn’t go to Disneyland.
14. Mark’s new job is so tired/tiring. He can’t find any time for his
hobbies.
15. Have you heard the shocking/shocked news about the car crash?
14
5 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME:
A MOMENT OF CLARITY
Exercise 1. Connect the words with the correct
prepositions of time where necessary.
Monday
(the) morning
IN lunch
birthday celebration
20th of October
LinguaTrip intensive course
next Saturday
AT
vacation in the USA
dawn
her sophomore year
7 o’clock in the morning
weekend
ON
Friday evening
every Christmas
15
Exercise 2. Correct mistakes in the following
sentences.
1. The train departs on 9 AM.
2. What were you two doing in the weekend?
3. My family and I love going to the Caribbean sea on summer.
4. Jessie got up early on dawn as she wanted to take some
photos.
5. Do you go out or stay in at Friday nights?
6. I love my neighborhood. The streets are lively in daytime and
quiet and peaceful on night.
7. Let’s meet on next Friday.
8. Jack is taking his first singing class in Tuesday afternoon.
9. Kate rescheduled her English exam and now it’ll take place at
7th of May.
10. I only see my in-laws at holidays.
1. __________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________
6. __________________________________________________
7. __________________________________________________
8. __________________________________________________
9. __________________________________________________
10. __________________________________________________
16
Exercise 3. Insert correct prepositions where
necessary.
1. There was a sudden loud noise coming from downstairs and

Nancy woke up. Who on Earth was doing something in the
kitchen ____ midnight?
2. Americans gather together with their families ___ Christmas.
3. I hate wasting my time cooking and doing other boring chores
____ the weekend. Let’s do something exciting!
4. Lucie had her finals _____ last week. She thoroughly revised
all the material ___ every night.
5. We party hard _____ Fridays.
6. Nature gets 100% more charming and fascinating ____ spring.
7. If you can’t make it ____ next Friday, I’ll see you ___ Saturday
morning then.
8. Airbnb was founded ___ 2008 and its success has kept growing
since then.
9. I met my friend ___ lunchtime and then we went shopping ____
the afternoon.
10. Jessica cut and dyed her hair ___ her junior year. It looked
terrific.
11. Katrin is moving to Paris ____ the 20th of May. We are
throwing a farewell party for her ___ tomorrow.
12. People born ____ the eighties and nineties are considered to
be millennials.
13. I am have a super important job interview ___ this morning.
14. I wish the weather had been sunny ____ our wedding day. It
was raining heavily and we had to cancel the reception
ceremony by the ocean.
15. We had such a blast ___ our vacation in the UK.
17
6 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE:
AT, ON OR SOMETHING ELSE?
Exercise 1. Look at the picture of a room below and
describe it using the correct prepositions.
There is a lot of fashionable furniture ____ the room. A table is

standing ___ a big window ____ the right. ____ the table, there are
several items, such as a laptop, a phone and a lamp. There are not
many plants ___ the office, but one is standing ____ the cabinet.
Colorful paintings are hanging ____ the wall ____ the shelves. ___
the paintings, we can see some abstract landscapes and figures.
We can only guess what else there is ____ the room, as we can’t
see that side of the office.
18
Exercise 2. Insert prepositions. Each preposition can
only be used once.
THROUGH My dog is a great pet and a real

UNDER guard dog of the house, but ____
INTO all, he's also my best friend.
TO Before getting a bulldog, I was
NEXT TO ____ the impression that they are
TOWARDS not very affectionate dogs, but my
FROM mind has changed. I got him
ONTO ____ a shelter, where I saw
ABOVE him for the first time. I went ___
ON the shelter to adopt a a
small, fluffy dog for my
girlfriend but came out with my
big boy, who ran ____ me as
soon as I went ____ the room. It
was love at first sight! Now, as I
reflect on what we've been
____ together, I understand how
lucky I am. Even when he chews
on my shoes and jumps ___ the
sofa constantly, I wouldn’t
change anything at all. The calm
moments when I’m all relaxed
___ the sofa and he’s sitting
____ me are the most
precious ones.
19
Exercise 3. Insert the correct preposition of place
where required.
1. Mozart was born _______ Salzburg _______ 1756.
2. My dream is to be ___ Times Square ____ New Year’s Eve.
3. Traveling ___ the West felt like a dream. We left Moscow
___ 12:00 PM ____ 25th of October and arrived ___ Los
Angeles ___ 2:00 PM ___ the same day.
4. — When did you hang that picture _______ the wall?
— Oh, I did it ___ yesterday. I think it looks nice next ____ the
window.
5. Margot hated sitting ____ a desk ___ 8 hours straight and
that’s why she quit her job. She moved from the East coast to
the West, ___ the whole country.
6. Mr Smith’s office is _____ the 10th floor.
7. There is a cute artisan shop ____ this street but it is closed
_____ the weekend.
8. There might be both heavy rain and snowfall ____ Russia ____
December.
9. How different do you think life will be ____ the 22nd century?
10. I’ve been waiting for you____ an hour ____ the train station.
Where are you?
11. Parents are not allowed to wait for their kids ____ the school.
They should gather outside.
12. CVS, the nearest drug store, is ____ the end of the road ____
the left.
13. Don’t believe everything you see ___ TV.
14. First, our train arrived ____ France and 4 hours later we were
____ Portugal.
15. I need to be ___ NYC ___ tomorrow morning. I have a meeting
there ____ 5th Avenue.
16. There was a large variety of appetizers but there were no
desserts ____ the menu.
17. I can’t hear you, I am ___ the bus.
18. There was a fire ____ our office building yesterday.
19. — Where are the kids?
— They are already ____ school.
20. Get ____ the car and let’s get going!
20
7 ADJECTIVE AND PREPOSITION
COMBINATIONS
Exercise 1. For each adjective shown below, place it
in the left-hand column the row that corresponds to in
the correct prepositions shown in the right-hand
column.
bad, ashamed, based, afraid, involved, keen, envious, accused,
aware, tired, interested, surprised, fond, disappointed, angry, proud,
experienced, certain, lucky, related, hooked, prepared, capable,
guilty, responsible, grateful, jealous, famous, rude, good, associated,
amazed, allergic, sorry, angry, pleased, married, bored, similar,
used
AT
IN
ON
OF
FOR
WITH
TO
BY
21
Exercise 2. Insert the correct prepositions.
1. My brother is fond ____ Star Wars, he has seen each movie at
least five times.
2. Lately, I’ve become hooked ____ a vegan lifestyle and sticking
to a healthy diet.
3. After studying with LinguaTrip I’m prepared ____ any real life
conversations in English.
4. Some actors are only famous ____ playing in romantic
comedies.
5. At first, it was difficult for me to start speaking English in
foreign countries, but then I got used ____ it.
6. It’s always thrilling to know that a horror movie is based ____
true events.
7. My friend’s dad is so lucky ____ cards, whenever we play, he
wins.
8. We all are capable ____ great things, but we have to believe in
ourselves to accomplish them.
9. Knowing several languages is often associated ____
intelligence and open-mindedness.
10. People should not be ashamed _____ their bodies, skin color
or preferences. We are all different.
11. I was completely shocked ____ her behavior last evening.
She was out of control!
12. Being allergic ____ cow milk is a reason people switch to
non-dairy options, such as soy or almond milk.
13. My friend is married ____ her childhood love. Isn't that cute?
14. Last night, I missed my flight to NY and I was so angry ____ it!
15. Many people have a fear of their parents being disappointed
____ them, which leads to a lack of happiness.
16. The service in that hotel was nice, and I was satisfied ____
the conditions too.
17. My coworkers are always friendly _____ me, it’s a pleasure to
work in a healthy environment.
18. All smartphones nowadays are so similar ____ each other in
terms of design.
19. Sorry, I’m not particularly interested ____ this genre of
music. Can we go to another concert?
20. Teenagers always have celebrity idols or role models,
celebrities, ___whom they are fascinated.
22
Exercise 3. Correct mistakes in the following sentences.
1. Parents are always very proud about their children's
achievements.
2. Sarah never travels by plane as she is scared by flying.
3. Although Mike has very little experience, we believe he is
capable with managing this department.
4. Our investors were not that interested at discussing this
brilliant idea.
5. LA is famous by its cinematic locations.
6. The new iPhone model is similar with the previous one.
7. My parents weren’t pleased to my final results.
8. When I told him that he was fired I wasn’t aware at what he
was going through.
9. Never be jealous at your friend’s success. You should be proud
at them and support them.
10. Jane was surprised about our upcoming trip to Chicago.
1. __________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________
6. __________________________________________________
7. __________________________________________________
8. __________________________________________________
9. __________________________________________________
10. __________________________________________________
23
8 ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS:
WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?
Exercise 1. Fill in the blank spaces with the correct
adverbs or adjectives.
careful/carefully, quick/quickly, happy/happily, well/good,

terrible/terribly, tidy/tidily, obvious/obviously
1. Place the lid on top of the jar _____.

2. Don’t say that John is a _____ cook. His dishes are delicious!
3. My French and Italian are ____ but my English is awful.
4. Hurry up, we’ll have to run ___ to get to the station.
5. Hannah seems excited. Look how ____ she sings and dances.
6. Although I know 3 languages, I don’t speak
English that _____.
7. Kate cooks _____. I can’t stand her cooking.
8. I ran _____ to the station.
9. John is a ____ person. You’ll never see any mess in his room.
10. Suzie was _____ annoyed that no one warned her about the
party in advance.
11. I called John yesterday. He sounded ____. I’m glad he’s doing
fine.
12. Your flat seems _____ today.
13. Meghan is a ___ driver.
14. I can’t say that the journey home was ___. It took us a lot of
time.
15. Mike likes to arrange things ____ in his room.
16. The solution to the problem seemed _____.
24
Exercise 2. In the following sentences, change the
phrases in parentheses to adverbs to make the
sentences correct.
(In a rough way of) speaking, it’ll take you 10,000 hours to acquire
a new skill. It won’t be enough to practice (one time) or (two
times). Moreover, in order to keep your skill at a decent level,
you’ll have to (at all times) train. You’ll need to practice (in a
thorough way) and (in a diligent way). At first, it’ll seem
that like you do everything (in an awful way) but (in not much
time) you’ll notice how your skills improve over time. People who
are (to an extreme degree) talented might need less time to
master a new skill but, overall, nothing good is achieved (in a
short time).
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________ 25
Exercise 3. Make a story using the words below
((try to use at least 10).
fast I beautiful I close I loudly I bright I

dangerous I blind I funny I steadily I slightly I
effective I compassionate I mad I positive I
angrily I noticeable I slow I sad I luckily I
forcefully I amazing I wrong I likely I long I
well I calm I tired I nicely I suddenly I slowly
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
26
9 ENGLISH TENSES AND THEIR USES
Exercise 1. Solve a crossword puzzle.
3 4
7 8
10
Across
3. I promise, I _____ (to finish) this task tomorrow. No need to worry!
5. I_____ (to write) you a letter, but you never read it.
8. She _____ (to rush) to the history class when she saw me.
10. My friends _____ (to study) English since they were in kindergarten
Down
1. I ______ (to offer) you a good opportunity now, don’t miss it.
2. By the year 2025 my daughter ______ (to graduate) high school.
4. My parents ______ (to give) me so much in my life, I couldn’t be more thankful for that.
6. Jack _____ (to learn) how to start a fire before he went camping with his girlfriend.
7. I ______ (to make) a cup of coffee every morning and drink it while reading a newspaper.
9. You ______ (to do) a great job, well done!
27
Exercise 2. Write the correct form of the verb in
parentheses.
1. Nick (learn) Spanish for seven years now.
2. Last year our company (raise) $100k worth of investments and
(make) $150k worth of profit.
3. As our boss (want) to extend the business and to open new
branches, some managers (move) to the USA next year.
4. This time next week, Jessica (study) English at the
language school in the heart of London.
5. Before she (take) management courses, Lucie (be) bad at
organization. Now her skills are way better.
6. Yesterday morning while I (cook), the kids (play) in the garden.
7. We (leave) in 10 minutes. Hurry up!
8. Jack (see) already that movie, let’s find something else.
9. I think I (take) a gap year after my graduation.
10. Mike (complete) his studies in 2017 and (get) his diploma.
11. He (not choose) where he (want) to work yet.
12. The school bus (arrive) at 6:30 PM every evening.
13. Judy hopes that she (finish) her work by 6:30 PM tomorrow.
14. George (do) a school report when suddenly the lights went out.
15. It (snow) all night and that’s why I had to take a taxi to get to
work.
1. _____________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________
6. _____________________________________________________
7. _____________________________________________________
8. _____________________________________________________
9. _____________________________________________________
10. _____________________________________________________
11. _____________________________________________________
12. _____________________________________________________
13. _____________________________________________________
14. _____________________________________________________
15. _____________________________________________________
28
Exercise 3. Correct the mistakes in the use of verbs:
1. My neighbor has bought a new Tesla 2 weeks ago. He shows it
off to us at the moment.
2. I will fly to LA tomorrow. I’m looking forward to it this whole
week!
3. Kathie is reading books in English every weekend and it had
helped her a lot with the language.
4. My car has broken down when I was driving from work. I will
have worked on it during next week.
5. Julie was never in Paris and she is over the moon to be going
there next month.
6. A: What you were doing yesterday at 7 PM?
B: I was watching a movie while my kids had done their
homework.
7. One day, when I am rich and famous, I am retiring from my
job and I am spending all my time with my family.
8. This time next week, we will enjoy ourselves on the
sunny beaches of Cancun, Mexico.
9. Lucie didn’t complete the report yet. She had been typing it all
morning but it’s only 9 AM now.
10. My parents said they stood in a queue for over an hour when
the salesperson had told them there were no more tickets.
1. ___________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________
6. ___________________________________________________
7. ___________________________________________________
8. ___________________________________________________
9. ___________________________________________________
10. ___________________________________________________
29
10 REPORTED SPEECH
Exercise 1. Convert the sentences from direct
speech to reported speech using the words in
parentheses.
For example:
ㅡ "She is waiting for me across the bar." (He, say)

He said that she was waiting for him across the bar.
1. ㅡ My dad will drive me to school. (She, claim)

2. ㅡ Can I use your laptop? (Jack, ask)
3. ㅡ The border is closed and we can’t get back home. (They,
complain)
4. ㅡ I broke up with my boyfriend two weeks ago. (Jessica, say)
5. ㅡ We had painted a picture for mom. (The children, tell)
6. ㅡ Was this building always here? I don't remember it.
(My fiancée, wonder)
7. ㅡ The teacher gave us the hardest test possible today.
(Students, whine)
8. ㅡI bought a new motorcycle recently. (He, say)
9. ㅡ You can’t help me anyhow at the moment! (She, shout)
10. ㅡ Will you help me or not? (My mother, ask)
Exercise 2. Correct the mistakes in the following

reported speech sentences.
1. He told me that Earth was the only planet with life on it.
2. Deborah said that she was so excited this day, because she
got a puppy.
3. ㅡ "I have done this before."
ㅡ "You hear that? He says he had done this before!"
4. Listen, she said that she doesn’t like how you treated her.
5. My mom said that she hadn’t gone to work yesterday.
30
Exercise 3. Match the words in direct speech with their
equivalents in reported speech.
HERE TWO DAYS BEFORE
THESE THE FOLLOWING
TODAY TWO DAYS LATER
AGO BEFORE
THIS PREVIOUS
TOMORROW THE DAY BEFORE
NOW THERE
YESTERDAY THOSE
THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW THAT
NEXT THEN
THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY THE NEXT DAY
LAST THAT DAY
31
11 VERB LISTS: INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS
Exercise 1. Put the verbs in parentheses into the

correct form and answer the questions.
1. Do you fancy ____ (go out) with friends often? Why or why not?
2. Would you ever agree ____ (swim) with crocodiles for
$1 million?
3. Do you mind ____ (help) other students during a test or exam?
4. Would you prefer ____ (travel) to Asian countries or European
ones?
5. Can you imagine ____ (live) a better life or are you happy
with your life right now?
6. Do you avoid ____ (make) mistakes or do you have no troubles
with accepting a possible failure?
7. Do you hope ____ (become) famous one day?
8. Do you often forget ____ (do) what you’ve been asked to do?
9. Would you consider ____ (move) to another country?
10. Do you want ____ (take) an English course any time soon?
11. Is there anything you expect ____ (happen) this year?
12. Once you finish ____ (read) this grammar book, how do you
think it will affect your level of language?
13. Would you choose ____ (study) languages or something
related to IT? Or neither? Why?
14. Do you dislike ____ (be) around loud and expressive people?
15. Are there any exercises you practise _____ (do) every day in
order to make your English better?
32
1. _____________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________
6. _____________________________________________________
7. _____________________________________________________
8. _____________________________________________________
9. _____________________________________________________
10. _____________________________________________________
11. _____________________________________________________
12. _____________________________________________________
13. _____________________________________________________
14. _____________________________________________________
15. _____________________________________________________
33
sentences.
1. Mark agreed taking on this job on condition he was entitled to

paid sick leave.
2. Sarah didn’t really fancy go to that new restaurant as she
heard some dubious opinions about it.
3. Dad promised follow his dietary requirements but still overdid
it at dinner.
4. I refused to applying for a job as a publisher because I had
little educational and employment experience.
5. My boyfriend chose paying for me at the cafe.
6. Lucas denied to have been fired for failing at his previous job.
7. My employee expected being given a raise but I dismissed him
instead.
8. My boss wanted give me the sack so I handed in my
notice voluntarily.
9. We hoped visiting that new Italian restaurant with impeccable
service and courteous stuff.
10. Some people tend to avoid to take an early retirement.
11. I felt like serve the beef with gravy but then I changed my mind.
12. Nick gave up at working overtime even though his company
was losing its established reputation.
13. Jack didn’t mind to drink as he was never really a teetotaller.
14. Although Steven admitted to be not very well-suited to the job,
I hired him anyway.
15. My new position involves to taking various qualification courses
every other year.
34
1. _____________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________
6. _____________________________________________________
7. _____________________________________________________
8. _____________________________________________________
9. _____________________________________________________
10. _____________________________________________________
11. _____________________________________________________
12. _____________________________________________________
13. _____________________________________________________
14. _____________________________________________________
15. _____________________________________________________
35
Exercise 3. Choose the correct form of the verb (to +
infinitive or -ING ending) depending on the meaning of
the verb.
1. I don't think I'll ever forget (to meet) the love of my life for the
first time.
2. Lucie, please don't forget (to pick up) Stacy at the train station
at 10 AM.
3. I need to remember (to warn) Suzie about the cancelation of
our meeting.
4. Nick didn't remember (to visit) this museum when he was a
child.
5. You will regret (to waste) money on things instead of
memories when you’re older.
6. We regret (to inform) you that your application has been
rejected.
7. We went on (to read) about the Renaissance period until the
next class.
8. The teacher said we had little time left so we had to go on
(to read) the next chapter.
9. I love car road trips! You can stop (to admire) the scenery
whenever you want.
10. John stopped (to smoke) ages ago.
11. Have you tried (to count) sheep to fall asleep? Some people
say it’s helpful.
12. I’ve been trying (to reach) her on her cell phone, but the line
is still busy.
13. Even if it means (to sacrifice) my career, I’m all ready for it.
14. John has been meaning (to propose) to Sarah for ages but he
can’t find the perfect moment.
36
12 DO or MAKE?
Exercise 1. Find and circle the words used with

MAKE/DO. Put them in the right category and check
your answers. (In the crossword, the words are used
without articles).
Y R X D E H N T P F E M N S R
R M E R A M R O A X I A U D E
E B U R N O S V I S N V F N S
V S M Q P D O H T T I G S E E
O B Z E S U T A U L P S S I A
C U R T R S K I P F E E O R R
S B M D K E M R R N C B C F C
I P T N E M T N I O P P A X H
D T R E X C U S E C A L L B E
D A P O I R U K G F S D R D C
K O M M G B S H O P P I N G O
R E O A E R E S I M O R P N U
O B X G G T E M O B D J V U R
W T O A I E T S A E T S C J S
N O M J M N B A S D N U O S E
37
Here are the answers, in case it was too difficult:
APPOINTMENT ATTEMPT BED
BUSINESS CALL COURSE
DAMAGE DISCOVERY EXAM
EXCEPTION EXCUSE FAVOR
FRIENDS FUN GOOD
HAIR HARM JOB
MISTAKE PROGRESS PROMISE
REPORT RESEARCH SHOPPING
SOUND SURE TEA
WORK
38
Exercise 2. Insert the appropriate words used in
expressions with DO or MAKE.
1. Mary, you should work harder and do your ____ if you want to be
promoted.
2. — What are the ____ you do around the house?
— I clean the bathroom and the kitchen, vacuum and prepare
breakfast in the morning.
3. If you keep making such stupid ____ in your assignments, you’ll
be poorly graded this semester.
4. Speaking English is essential if you want to do ____ with
international companies.
5. When we were little, I made a pinky _____ with my best friend
that we would get married on the same day.
6. Scientists are currently doing ___ on this new virus.
7. If I were you, I’d call a dentist and make an _____ as soon as
possible.
8. Our apartment was flooded by our neighbors from above and the
water did a lot of ____ to all our furniture.
9. Shoot, mom made a _____ of things to buy but I think I left it at
home.
10. I’m sorry to admit it but the whole class did such a poor ____
on the test last week. No one managed to get even a B.
11. Sorry, I cannot hear anything in here. I’ll go outside to make a
____ to my colleague.
12. What _____ are you going to do this fall semester?
13. Anne made good _____ with her computer programming skills.
She is good at C and Python and she isn’t planning to stop.
14. Don’t worry, it won’t do any ____ to anyone if we keep this story a
secret.
15. I was assigned to do a ____ about the local environmental
community for our school newspaper.
39
Exercise 3. Insert DO or MAKE in the correct form.
1. Eating more plant based food will _____ you only good.
2. Lucie spends so much time ____ her hair, I hate waiting for
her.
3. I’ll ____ you some tea and you’ll calm down, everything is
going to be fine, my darling.
4. They ____ several attempts to restore the files but everything
was in vain.
5. Although Josh didn’t score high enough on his SATs, the
admission committee ____ an exception and accepted him.
6. Karen’s boyfriend ____ such nasty jokes about her friends. I
don’t get it.
7. Sometimes girls who are on a diet are so obsessed with
counting calories. Relax, one tiny piece of cake won’t ____ you
any harm.
8. When Dad ___ the shopping, he always forgets to buy sweets.
9. I tried not to _____ a sound when I was entering my room so
my parents wouldn’t notice I had had snuck out out.
10. Cris ___ sure everything was set for the guests’ arrival.
11. The main reason why I enjoy travelling is the opportunity to
_____ new friends.
12. British scientists have recently ____ a discovery that is going to
shock everyone!
13. Could you ____ me a favor and watch the kids tonight? I want
to go out with my school friends.
14. If you ____ the dishes, I’ll clean the bathroom.
15. Cutting down on sugar ____ a significant difference in my diet.
40
13 HOW TO USE ZERO AND FIRST
CONDITIONAL
Exercise 1. Match the sentences with zero or first
conditionals.
If you forget your books at home, I’ll adopt many dogs.

When it is sunny, I can talk to almost anyone abroad.
If I never have children, you’ll find a job more easily. people
If you smoke a lot, often go for a walk.
When you move to a bigger city, I will complain the whole time. you
When someone falls in love, can always take mine.
If we do go to this party, it increases the risk of cancer.
When I’m free, they never notice anything else.
If I study English hard, I will call you back.

sentences.
1. If we will run out of oil, we have to replace it with other energy
resources in the future.
2. It takes me a whole hour to get ready. That means if I wake up
late, I will be late for work for sure.
3. When my parents go on holidays, I will always stay with my
younger siblings at home.
4. If people won’t replace oil with sustainable energy resources,
pollution levels will increase drastically soon.
5. When I will be in a new city, I will love visiting museums and local
cafés.
6. I cook dinner if you are tired after work.
7. Rivers will freeze if the temperature gets below zero degrees.
8. If Jessica won’t reduce the amount of money she spends on
clothes, she will go bankrupt.
9. Will you sell your car if you will need money?
10. Nick can’t stand any mess. If the house isn’t clean, he will easily
get annoyed.
41
Exercise 3. Use the words in parentheses to make
zero and first conditional sentences.
1. I’ve heard many controversial things about that place. We

probably (not like) the food if we (go) there.
2. My family has some simple rules. If you (be) the last to finish
eating, you (do) the dishes.
3. I’m afraid we (be able) to solve your issue if the warranty
period (be) over.
4. Jake can be stubborn. You know, if I (try) to talk to him, he
(not listen).
5. Sarah’s group mates are all very friendly. If one of them ever
(need) help, they always (be) there for each other.
6. I forgot to get a gift for my little niece. She (be) sad if she (not
receive) any present.
7. What (you do) if your exam scores (be) low?
8. If I (have) nothing to do in the evening, I (go out) with my
friends tonight.
9. Nick can lend you some money if you (give) it back soon.
10. If my parents (invite) friends over, they usually (play) board
games.
1. ___________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________
6. ___________________________________________________
7. ___________________________________________________
8. ___________________________________________________
9. ___________________________________________________
10. ___________________________________________________
42
14 SECOND AND THIRD CONDITIONAL:
THE SKY IS THE LIMIT
Exercise 1. Let’s play a draw game! Print out the page
and cut out the cells with sentences. Then make
conditional sentences in a chain format. Why are only
second or third conditionals used in all of them?
Check with the handbook.
...I’d be the happiest ...we would travel to all ...I’d still never ask my
person. If we had enough countries. If I were in friends for money. If
money... debt... Jack wanted to enter a
university...
...he’d study IT- ...if only you had let me. If ...I wouldn’t go there,
engineering. I would I were you... it’s dangerous. If I had
have helped you... invested the money
back then….
...I would have been rich ...you would not act so ....I would have finished
by now. If you cared recklessly. If I had had that test completely. I
about me... more time, would have known
about the homework...
...if she had told me. If ...it would definitely be a ...if I had had some
my parents had another girl. I might have bought a savings. Jenna would
child... new car... find a better job...
...if she knew English. ...if you bought me a new ...if only I had left her
This would be a great phone. She could have my number. If the
present... called me... Beatles had never
existed...
...many other popular ...if you mowed the lawn ...we wouldn’t have
bands wouldn’t have instead of me. If you had ended up in this
formed. I would gladly do listened to me... situation then. If I were
the dishes... 5 again...
...I would just enjoy a life ...if I hadn’t cheated so ...if I asked her to marry
without a single worry. obviously. She would me. If I could go to my
My teacher would have probably refuse... favorite band’s
given me a good mark.... concert...
43
Exercise 2. Read the following headlines and make a
conditional sentence for each.
LinguaHack: Is it easy for you to understand the news article headlines?

The language of English news article headlines might seem a bit off.
Here are some things you might see.
• Incomplete sentences.
• Articles and TO BE verb are not used.
• Present Simple is used instead of Past Simple and Present Perfect.
• To + infinitive is used to describe future events.
• TO BE verb is not used in the passive voice.
1. CELEBRITY CANCELS TOUR AFTER SCANDAL
2. MAN SURVIVED FIRE THANKS TO HIS DOG
3. GLOBAL WARMING TO AWAKEN NEW VIRUSES
4. CANCER PATIENTS TO GET REQUIRED TREATMENT THANKS
TO LOCAL HIGH SCHOOL FUNDRAISER NEXT WEEK
5. LEAD SINGER TO HAVE A BABY — RELEASE OF ALBUM
IS DELAYED
6. EUROPE PARALYZED BY BLIZZARD — LESSONS ARE
CANCELLED
44
sentences.
1. Kathy is supposed to graduate this year. If she won’t work
harder, she won’t pass her exams.
2. I think something is wrong with Jill. If everything had been
okay, she would call me.
3. If Mike didn't go to the party tomorrow, I won't go either.
4. If our baby slept better last night, my wife wouldn’t have been
so tired this morning.
5. Marcus is really busy with his work now. If Marcus had had
more free time, he would travel more.
6. You will be so tired tomorrow morning if you won’t go to bed
now.
7. I am perfectly fine without a car, I use public transport to
commute to my university. If I wanted to buy a car, I will buy
one.
8. Miriam has moved to Italy. If she didn’t learn Italian in
advance, she would have had difficulties in her first months in
Italy.
9. When I drink coffee, I will always get a headache.
10. If the children are asleep, I would be able to read a little. But
they won’t go to bed.
1. ___________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________
6. ___________________________________________________
7. ___________________________________________________
8. ___________________________________________________
9. ___________________________________________________
10. ___________________________________________________
45
15 MIXED CONDITIONALS
Exercise 1. Color in the circles above the clauses: red for

the present tense, and blue for the past.
If I hadn’t met you back then, I would have a different life now.
If you were a more responsible person, you would have notified me.
This could have had bad consequences if we hadn’t reacted in time.
If I had quit my job, I would not have money to travel.
I would have learned German if I had more time for that.
If I were a better student, I would not have failed the exam.
If you hadn’t behaved so badly last night, we wouldn’t be in an argument.
I would have gone hiking, if I had more energy.
I could have been a teacher, if I had chosen to study in a university.
He might have become a designer, if he were more creative.
46
Exercise 2. Use the words in parentheses to create
the correct mixed conditional.
1. If you (wake me up) earlier, I (not be late) for my

appointment now.
2. If I (not be afraid) to fly, I (visit) you in London a long time
ago.
3. Clark (have) his diploma if he (not flunk) his classes during
his last year at university.
4. If you (invest) in those stocks 2 years ago, you (earn) twice
as much as their price selling them now.
5. Go to the garage and check if the car is there. If Josh (take)
it, you (have to) walk.
6. If Mike (get) on a bus 20 minutes ago, he (arrive) here in 10
minutes. Just wait a little bit.
7. If my parents (take) me to museums more when I was little, I
(love) art more now.
8. If I (not love) you, I (not agree) to marry you and (not have) 3
kids with you.
9. Kate (speak) French fluently if she (start) learning it back at
school.
10. Oh, Nick (meet) you at the airport yesterday if his car
(not be) broken. He’s been trying to fix it for days now.
11. If we (take) a taxi, we (run) so late now.
12. If Luke (not overeat) at the family dinner, he (not be)
bloated now.
13. If we (be) rich, our son (not take) a huge study loan to cover
his college tuition. He still can’t pay it off.
14. I (come over) for a sleepover to your place yesterday if my
mom (not be) so strict.
15. If you (be) more sensitive to details, you (notice) how sad she
was yesterday.
47
1. _____________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________
6. _____________________________________________________
7. _____________________________________________________
8. _____________________________________________________
9. _____________________________________________________
10. _____________________________________________________
11. _____________________________________________________
12. _____________________________________________________
13. _____________________________________________________
14. _____________________________________________________
15. _____________________________________________________
48
Exercise 3. Rewrite the sentences using the correct
mixed conditional type.
1. Nathan is an inexperienced manager. His team failed to
complete the project on time.
2. My friends and I didn’t go to Las Vegas. We don’t like big
parties and crowds.
3. Jackie left her coat at home. Now she is cold.
4. You prepared some overnight oats last night. You won’t have
to wake up early to make breakfast tomorrow.
5. My house is a mess. I spent 2 hours searching for my birth
certificate yesterday.
6. My parents were late to the airport and missed their flight.
They won’t be at my wedding.
7. Mike forgot to notify his bank about his trip to Europe. Now
his credit card is blocked.
8. Lucie is very hard-working. That’s why she got into Harvard.
9. You didn’t tell me that you need my help tonight. I will go to
the theatre with my friends.
10. We didn’t reserve a table. We’ll have to go to another place.
1. ___________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________
6. ___________________________________________________
7. ___________________________________________________
8. ___________________________________________________
9. ___________________________________________________
10. ___________________________________________________
49
16 WHAT IS ANOTHER EXPRESSION FOR
IF? (UNLESS, PROVIDED THAT,
SUPPOSING, ETC.)
Exercise 1. Solve the crossword puzzle and guess the

secret word!
1
2
3
4
U
5
6
7
8
9
1. ____ you are my mom, you can’t tell me what to do.

2. I believe ____ he can do it, you can do it too.
3. _____ emergency, please stay calm and follow the instructions.

4. _____ you had a million dollars, how would you spend it?
5. I don’t care who my friends are _____ they support me.
6. ____ my parents’ money, I wouldn’t have entered a prestigious

university.
7. Don’t bother me _____ we’ll end up in a fight.
8. I’ll tell you his secret on _____ that you don't tell anyone else.
9. ____ he is lying, how would you prove that?
50
Exercise 2. Choose the correct option depending
on the meaning of the conditionals.
1. You can go swimming on condition that/unless you don’t

swim too far from the shore.
2. Unless/Provided you avoid your problems, you will grow as a
person.
3. The investors will give us money on condition
that/supposing we split the profit equally.
4. Kathy will be disappointed unless/if Jack doesn’t get into
the university.
5. Be late again and/otherwise I’ll lose my patience.
6. Don’t make so much noise or else/what if you'll wake up
grandma.
7. I’ll be able to come providing/on condition that all expenses
are paid.
8. Or/But for my parents’ invaluable support, I couldn’t have
achieved so much.
9. We'll buy you a new phone as long as/in case of you pass
your exams with flying colors.
10. Suppose/Providing you were fired, would you be able to
support your family financially for at least 6 months?
Exercise 3. Combine the sentences into one sentence

using the words in parentheses.
1. John has made a presentation about his past experience. The
company’s HR might be interested. (in case)
2. I cannot complete the project alone. Somebody needs to help
me so it’ll be ready by the deadline. (unless)
3. Judy needs to earn at least $700 this month. This sum will be
enough to pay her rent and living expenses. (as long as)
4. I’d better not eat any sweets as I always get breakouts the
next morning. (when)
5. People are free to do whatever they want. However, those
actions need to be legal. (provided)
6. Imagine your neighbor’s house was on fire, what would you
do? (suppose)
7. You should arrive at the airport 2 hours before boarding. If you
don’t do so, you’ll miss your flight. (otherwise)
8. Lucie succeeded in her modeling career only because of her
thoroughly curated portfolio. (but for)
9. Never take my car again without asking me. I’ll punish you if
you do so again. (or else/and)
10. I’ll get home late and won’t wake you up if I don’t need
anything. (unless) 51
KEYS
1 ARTICLES: THEY FINALLY MAKE SENSE
Exercise 1
1)The 2)the 3)a 4)- 5)the 6)The 7)The 8)a 9)the 10)- 11)The 12)a
13)the 14)- 15)the/- 16)a 17)- 18)a 19)- 20)a
Exercise 2
Lake Baikal, Africa, California, the Sahara Desert, the Pacific Ocean,
the Netherlands, Asia, London, the East Coast, Moscow,
the Mediterranean Sea, the USA, Germany, Europe,
the River Thames
Exercise 3
1. French kids go to school when they are 6-7 years old.
2. Nick works for the same company as you do.
Have you ever met?
3. Could you drop me off near the theater? I’ll walk from there.
4. Who has breakfast at 12 PM? Is that even legal?
5. Richard Ramirez, a serial killer who terrorized LA for a year,
was captured and put in prison in 1985.
6. Mary said she was going to bed as she was exhausted after a
long day.
7. Which do you like more — jazz or blues?
8. I prefer travelling by train but sometimes it is much faster to
take an airplane.
9. Actions speak louder than words.
10. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
53
2 NOUNS: COUNTABLE,
UNCOUNTABLE, OR…?
Exercise 2
1. Lucie and I share a lot of beautiful memories together.

2. Whenever we go to a restaurant Kate always orders chicken as her entree.
She is allergic to other types of meat.
3. Christianity is a faith that teaches people to love and protect their nearest
and dearest.
4. Her pictures are considered to be works of art by many critics.
5. This building is built from glass and iron.
6. Kathie wants to improve her memory as she needs to learn a lot of stuff for
her exams.
7. California has officially banned the use of plastic straws. Now you will be
offered reusable straws or straws made out of paper.
8. A chicken is a perfect farm animal which is easy to breed and take care of.
9. I’d like a strong coffee and a sandwich, please.
10. There was a dim light at the end of the tunnel.
11. Having lost his wife, Daniel surrounded his kids with the love and
tenderness they needed.
12. This new hotel offers visitors a large number of spacious rooms with
stunning views.
13. This case caused so much public controversy and it got huge media
coverage in all the papers.
14. The importance of Jill’s work for the benefit of your company must be
paramount.
15. Suzie believed that Mark was the love of her life until she met Zac.
16. Light that was coming from the blinds woke me up.
17. Don’t worry, there’s still plenty of room in the suitcase.
18. Jack never lost faith in humanity even in his darkest moments.
19. I can’t seem to find an iron in this hotel room. But I can’t wear such a
wrinkled dress.
20. The excessive consumption of coffee is dangerous for your health.
54
Exercise 3
1. There are fewer fruits in this picture than in the other.
2. The secretary didn’t provide us with much information.
3. Even after the last meeting, we made few changes to our
project.
4. I think you should cut down on the amount of milk you consume.
5. Do you think gluten-free bread has fewer calories than regular
bread?
6. This restaurant caters delicious food.
7. The number of immigrants in European countries is increasing.
8. The case had to be reconsidered with this new evidence supplied
by the witness.
9. Jack’s goal for this summer is to make as much money as
possible.
10. Wendy met a large number of interesting people at that party.
55
3 PLURALIA TANTUM AND SINGULARIA
TANTUM: WHICH IS WHICH?
Exercise 1
Yesterday, I received some great news, which was a complete shock for me. My
boyfriend told me that he bought 2 tickets to the Netherlands, and we are
going to spend a week there. It is an expensive country, but luckily money is not
a problem at the moment. Although, we’ll book an apartment in the suburbs,
as it’s cheaper. I’m excited to try all kinds of local cheese there,
I even got pieces of advice from my friends, who have already been there. The
people are very friendly there, like most Europeans. It’s probably going to rain,
so I have to decide which clothes to take with me - some comfy leggings are
suitable for long walks. We will definitely have a lot of fun there!
Exercise 2
1. Connor's family was in the process of having tea when we arrived.

2. The police have known about him for years.
3. The public was asked not to leave litter in these woods.
4. There are two fish in his basket now.
5. The team is playing tomorrow morning.
6. My trousers are clean now.
7. Do you know what the news is?
8. He is usually reserved, but he becomes very passionate when politics
are discussed.
9. Ethics is a difficult subject.
10. You’ve bought yourself a nice car. Your money was well spent.
11. His advice was/is always useful to me.
56
4 BORED OR BORING? ADJECTIVES
ENDING IN -ED AND -ING
Exercise 1
to forgive to play
to fight
to throw to cook
to fascinate to intimidate
to interest to inspire to bore

to tire
to work to annoy to rest

to stun to entertain
to shock to run
to spend
to bring to astonish
to predict
to worry to relax
to fly
to order
to die to hide
to amaze to thrill
to learn
to mesmerize
to ride
Exercise 2
1. Students were bored because the lecture was boring.
2. The news is worrying that’s why everyone is worried.
3. Nancy was excited because the trip was exciting.
4. We were exhausted because the dance class was exhausting.
5. I'm relaxed because the music is relaxing.
6. My parents are alarmed because the situation is alarming.
7. The movie is terrifying that’s why the girls are terrified.
8. Judie was surprised because his marriage proposal was surprising.
9. His phone is distracting that's why Luke is distracted.
10. Mike isn’t interested because her story isn’t interesting.
57
Exercise 3
1. My children are never amused by clowns.

2. Working hard and still not getting any results can be frustrating.
3. This math class is so boring!
4. Whenever Nancy feels depressed she always eats some chocolate
and takes a relaxing bath.
5. We all admitted that Elon Musk’s new idea is absolutely
fascinating.
6. Jack has been giving me some mixed signals. It's rather
confusing.
7. The journey back home was more exhausting than the whole trip
itself.
8. The plane began to move in a rather alarming way.
9. Jackie gets easily frightened when she sees any kind of insects.
10. Kids are really embarrassed when their parents decide to show
their baby photos.
11. My fiancée couldn’t be more excited as we're going to Paris for

our honeymoon.
12. I hate long flights, I’m always really bored.

13. My daughter looked very surprised when I told her we couldn’t go
to Disneyland.
14. Mark’s new job is so tiring. He can’t find any time for his hobbies.
15. Have you heard the shocking news about the car crash?
58
5 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME:
A MOMENT OF CLARITY
Exercise 1
(the) morning
LinguaTrip intensive
IN course
her sophomore year
lunch
NO PREPOSITION:
dawn
AT 7 o’clock in the morning next Saturday
weekend (UK) every Christmas
birthday celebration
Monday
weekend (US)
ON Friday evening
vacation in the USA
20th of October
Exercise 2
1. The train departs at 9 AM.
2. What were you two doing at/on the weekend?
3. My family and I love going to the Caribbean sea in summer.
4. Jessie got up early at dawn as she wanted to take some photos.
5. Do you go out or stay in on Friday nights?
6. I love my neighborhood. The streets are lively in the daytime and quiet and
peaceful at night.
7. Let’s meet next Friday.
8. Jack is taking his first singing class on Tuesday afternoon.
9. Kate rescheduled her English exam and now it’ll take place on 7th of May.
10. I only see my in-laws on holidays.
59
Exercise 3
1. There was a sudden loud noise coming from downstairs and Nancy woke
up. Who on Earth was doing something in the kitchen at midnight?
2. Americans gather together with their families at/on Christmas.
3. I hate wasting my time cooking and doing other boring chores
at (UK) / on (US) the weekend. Let’s do something exciting!
4. Lucie had her finals last week. She thoroughly revised all the material
every night.
5. We party hard on Fridays.
6. Nature gets way more charming and fascinating in spring.
7. If you can’t make it next Friday, I’ll see you on Saturday morning then.
8. Airbnb was founded in 2008 and its success has kept growing since then.
9. I met my friend at lunchtime and then we went shopping in the afternoon.
10. Jessica cut and dyed her hair in her junior year. It looked terrific.
11. Katrin is moving to Paris on the 20th of May. We are throwing a farewell
party for her tomorrow.
12. People born in the eighties and nineties are considered to be millennials.
13. I have a super important job interview this morning.
14. I wish the weather had been sunny on our wedding day. It was raining
heavily and we had to cancel the reception ceremony by the ocean.
15. We had such a blast on our vacation in the UK.
60
6 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE:
AT, ON OR SOMETHING MORE FUN?
Exercise 1
There is a lot of fashionable furniture in the room. A table is standing

at/by/beside/next to a big window on the right. On the table, there are several
items, such as a laptop, a phone and a lamp. There are not many plants in the
office, but one is standing at/by/beside/next to/by the side of the cabinet.
Colorful paintings are hanging on the wall between the shelves. In the
paintings, we can see some abstract landscapes and figures. We can only
guess what else there is across the room, as we can't see that side of the
office.
Exercise 2
My dog is a great pet and a real guard dog of the house, but above all, he's
also my best friend. Before getting a bulldog, I was under the impression that
they are not very affectionate dogs, but my mind has changed. I got him
from a shelter, where I saw him for the first time. I went to the shelter to
adopt a small, fluffy dog for my girlfriend but left with my big boy, who ran
towards me as soon as I went into the room. It was love at first sight!Now, as
I reflect on what we've been through together, I understand how lucky I am.
Even when he chews on my shoes and jumps onto the sofa constantly, I
wouldn’t change anything at all. The calm moments when I’m all relaxed on
the sofa and he’s sitting next to me are the most precious ones.
61
Exercise 3
1. Mozart was born in Salzburg in 1756.

2. My dream is to be at Times Square on New Year’s Eve.
3. Traveling to the West felt like a dream. We left Moscow at 12:00 PM
-/on 25th of October and arrived to/in Los Angeles at 2:00 PM the same day.
4. — When did you hang that picture on the wall?
— Oh, I did it yesterday. I think it looks nice next to the window.
5. Margot hated sitting behind a/her desk for 8 hours straight and that’s why
she quit her job. She moved from the East coast to the West, across the
whole country.
6. Mr Smith’s office is on the 10th floor.
7. There is a cute artisan shop on this street but it is closed at/on the weekend.
8. There might be both heavy rain and snowfall in Russia in December.
9. How different do you think life will be in the 22nd century?
10. I’ve been waiting for you for an hour at the train station. Where are you?
11. Parents are not allowed to wait for their kids in the school. They should
gather outside.
12. CVS, the nearest drug store, is at the end of the road to/on the left.
13. Don’t believe everything you see on TV.
14. First, our train arrived in France and 4 hours later we were in Portugal.
15. I need to be in NYC tomorrow morning. I have a meeting there on 5th
Avenue.
16. There was a large variety of appetizers but there were no desserts on
the menu.
17. I can’t hear you, I am on the bus.
18. There was a fire in our office building yesterday.
19. — Where are the kids?
— They are already at school.
20. Get in the car and let’s get going!
62
7 ADJECTIVE AND PREPOSITION
COMBINATIONS
Exercise 1
bad, lucky, surprised, angry AT
involved, interested, disappointed, experienced IN
based, keen, hooked ON
ashamed, afraid, envious, accused, aware, tired, fond, proud,

certain, capable, guilty, jealous OF
prepared, responsible, grateful, famous, good, sorry FOR
angry, rude, associated, pleased, bored, involved, disappointed WITH
related, allergic, married, similar, used TO
amazed BY
63
Exercise 2
1) of 2) on 3) for 4) for 5) to 6) on 7) at 8) of 9) with 10) of 11) by 12)

to 13) to 14) about 15) in 16) with 17) to 18) to 19) in 20) by
Exercise 3
1. Parents are always very proud of their children's achievements.
2. Sarah never travels by plane as she is scared of flying.
3. Although Mike has very little experience, we believe he is capable of
managing this department.
4. Our investors were not that interested in discussing this brilliant idea.
5. LA is famous for its cinematic locations.
6. The new iPhone model is similar to the previous one.
7. My parents weren’t pleased with my final results.
8. When I told him that he was fired I wasn’t aware of what he was going
through.
9. Never be jealous of your friend’s success. You should be proud of them and
support them.
10. Jane was surprised at our upcoming trip to Chicago.
64
8 ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS:
WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?
Exercise 1
1. Place the lid on top of the jar carefully.
2. Don’t say that John is a terrible cook. His dishes are delicious!
3. My French and Italian are good but my English is awful.
4. Hurry up, we’ll have to run quickly to get to the station.
5. Hannah seems excited. Look how happily she sings and dances.
6. Although I know 3 languages, I don’t speak English that well.
7. Kate cooks terribly. I can’t stand her cooking.
8. I ran quickly to the station.
9. John is a tidy person. You’ll never see any mess in his room.
10. Suzie was obviously annoyed that no one warned her about the party
in advance.
11. I called John yesterday. He sounded happy. I’m glad he’s doing fine.
12. Your flat seems tidy today.
13. Meghan is a careful driver.
14. I can’t say that the journey home was quick. It took us a lot of time.
15. Mike likes to arrange things tidily in his room.
16. The solution to the problem seemed obvious.
65
Exercise 2
Roughly speaking, it’ll take you 10,000 hours to acquire a new skill. It won’t be
enough to practice once or twice. Moreover, in order to keep your skill at a
decent, level you’ll have to always train. You’ll need to practice thoroughly and
diligently. At first, it’ll seem that like you do everything awfully but soon
you’ll notice how your skills improve over time. People who are extremely
talented might need less time to master a new skill but, overall, nothing
good is achieved quickly.
Exercise 3
Check out our story! Make sure to pay attention to the use of adjectives
and adverbs:
It was a beautiful sunny day, and I left the house at around 8 in the morning
to buy some fresh bread for breakfast. The walk to the nearest grocery store
was not long, only five minutes from my place. I felt calm and at peace, there
weren’t many people outside as it was Saturday. I was crossing the street a
couple of meters before the entrance of the store, and suddenly I felt something
hit me and fell to the ground. What?... A car hit me! Luckily, it managed to stop
moving. But everything happened so fast! I didn’t even notice it coming towards
me. I stood up and started shouting at the driver loudly and angrily, which
seemed to not be effective at all. The driver seemed slow, like he was slightly
out of his mind. Then I noticed it, he was having a seizure. I was mad at myself,
how could I be so blind! I called an ambulance, and it’s amazing how fast they
arrived. The man was safe now, it was the only positive news. I didn’t even
care that he had hit me, so I walked slowly back home. Only after getting back
did I notice that I bought no bread. How funny!
66
9 ENGLISH TENSES AND THEIR USES
Exercise 1
1
a
2 m
w o 4
3 w i l l f i n i s h
l f a
l e v
h r e
a i g
v n i
5 w r o t e g v
6
h g e
a r n
d a
l d
e 7 u
a m 8 w a s r u s h i n g
r a t 9
n k e d
10 h a v e b e e n s t u d y i n g
d d
67
Exercise 2
1. Nick has been learning Spanish for seven years now.
2. Last year our company raised $100k worth of investments and made
$150k worth of profit.
3. As our boss wants to extend the business and to open new branches, some
managers will move/are moving to the USA next year.
4. This time next week, Jessica will be studying English at the language
school in the heart of London.
5. Before she took management courses, Lucie was bad at keeping
organized. Now her skills are way better.
6. Yesterday morning while I was cooking, the kids were playing in the
garden.
7. We are leaving in 10 minutes. Hurry up!
8. Jack has already seen that movie, let’s find something else.
9. I think I will take a gap year after my graduation.
10. Mike completed his studies in 2017 and got his diploma.
11. He hasn’t chosen where he wants to work yet.
12. The school bus arrives at 6:30 PM every evening.
13. Judy hopes that she finishes her work by 6:30 PM tomorrow.
14. George was doing a school report when suddenly the lights went out.
15. It had been snowing all night and that’s why I had to take a taxi to get to
work.
68
Exercise 3
1. My neighbor bought a new Tesla 2 weeks ago . He is showing it off to us at
the moment .
2. I am flying to LA tomorrow. I’ve been looking forward to it this whole
week !
3. Kathie reads books in English every weekend and it has helped her a lot
with the language.
4. My car broke down when I was driving from work . I will be working on it
all next week.
5. Julie has never been to Paris and she is over the moon to be going
there next month.
6. A: What were you doing yesterday at 7 PM?
B: I was watching a movie while my kids were doing their homework.
7. One day, when I am rich and famous I will retire from my job and
will spend all my time with my family.
8. This time next week, we will be enjoying ourselves on the sunny beaches
of Cancun, Mexico.
9. Lucie hasn’t completed the report yet . She has been typing it all morning
but it’s only 9 AM now .
10. My parents said they were standing in a queue for over an hour when the
salesperson told them there were no more tickets.
69
10 REPORTED SPEECH
Exercise 1
1. She claimed that her dad would drive her to school.
2. Jack asked whether/if he could use my laptop.
3. They complained that the border was closed and that they couldn’t get
back home.
4. Jessica said that she had broken up with her boyfriend two weeks before.
5. The children tell they had painted a picture for mom.
6. My fiancée wondered whether/if that building had always been there, she
didn't remember it.
7. Students whined that the teacher had given them the hardest test possible
that day.
8. He said that he had bought a new motorcycle recently.
9. She shouted that I couldn’t help her anyhow at that moment.
10. My mother asked whether/if I would help her or not.
Exercise 2
1. He told me that Earth is the only planet with life on it.
2. Deborah said that she was so excited that day, because she had gotten
a puppy.
3. ㅡ I have done this before.
ㅡ You hear that? He says he has done this before!
4. Listen, she said that she didn’t like how you treated her.
5. My mom said that she hadn’t gone to work the day before.
70
Exercise 3
HERE THERE
THESE THOSE
TODAY THAT DAY
AGO BEFORE
THIS THAT
TOMORROW THE NEXT DAY
NOW THEN
YESTERDAY THE DAY BEFORE
THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW TWO DAYS LATER
NEXT THE FOLLOWING
THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY TWO DAYS BEFORE
LAST PREVIOUS
71
11 VERB LISTS: INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS
Exercise 1
Check out our answers and compare them to yours! Make sure
to pay special attention to the use of gerunds and infinitives.
1. I do fancy going out with friends. We have so much fun every time that I
can’t even describe it. I love them so much.
2. I wouldn’t agree to swim with crocodiles for any sum of money because I
fear wild animals way too much.
3. I personally don’t mind helping other students, but it’s strictly prohibited
at my school so I don't want to get in trouble
4. I’d always prefer to travel to European countries as the culture is closer
to mine.
5. Sometimes I imagine living a better life in a better place, but I also try to
live in the present moment and enjoy it.
6. Like any person, I tend to avoid making mistakes from time to time, but
I’m working on that and trying to be less anxious.
7. I hope to become, if not famous, at least a respectable person.
8. I rarely forget to do such things because I write down everything.
9. I would consider moving only to a country with better economic and
political situations.
10. I want to take at least a couple of English courses in order to improve my
skills.
11. There is something, I expect to travel more than I did the previous year.
12. As soon as I finish reading it, I will practise a lot to to improve even more.
13. Nowadays, I’d choose to study IT as it has has more room for growth
and more job offers.
14. I only dislike being around people who disrespect others.
15. I practise speaking to myself in English when I’m alone.
72
Exercise 2
1. Mark agreed to take on this job on condition he was entitled to paid

sick leave.
2. Sarah didn’t really fancy going to that new restaurant as she heard
some dubious opinions about it.
3. Dad promised to follow his dietary requirements but still overdid it at
dinner.
4. I refused to apply for a job as a publisher because I had little
educational and employment experience.
5. My boyfriend chose to pay for me at the cafe.
6. Lucas denied having been fired for failing at his previous job.
7. My employee expected to be given a raise but I dismissed him instead.
8. My boss wanted to give me the sack so I handed in my notice
voluntarily.
9. We hoped to visit that new Italian restaurant that has impeccable
service and courteous staff.
10. Some people tend to avoid taking an early retirement.
11. I felt like serving the beef with gravy but then I changed my mind.
12. Nick gave up working overtime even though his company was losing its
established reputation.
13. Jack didn’t mind drinking as he was never really a teetotaller.
14. Although Steven admitted (to) being not very well-suited to the job, I
hired him anyway.
15. My new position involves taking various qualification courses every
other year.
73
Exercise 3
1. I don't think I'll ever forget meeting the love of my life for the first time.
2. Lucie, please don't forget to pick up Stacy at the train station at 10 AM.
3. I need to remember to warn Suzie about the cancelation of our meeting.
4. Nick didn't remember visiting this museum when he was a child.
5. You will regret wasting money on things instead of memories when you’re
older.
6. We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected.
7. We went on reading about the Renaissance period until the next class.
8. The teacher said we had little time left so we had to go on to read the next
chapter.
9. I love road trips! You can stop to admire the scenery whenever you
want.
10. John stopped smoking ages ago.
11. Have you tried counting sheep to fall asleep? Some people say it’s helpful.
12. I’ve been trying to reach her on her cell phone, but the line is still busy.
13. Even if it means sacrificing my career, I’m all ready for it.
14. John has been meaning to propose to Sarah for ages but he can’t find the
perfect moment.
74
12 DO or MAKE?
Exercise 1
MAKE — an exception, some tea, a mistake, a sound, progress, sure, a call, an
excuse, a promise, an appointment, an attempt, a discovery, fun (of something),
friends, the bed.
DO — business, good, the work, the shopping, a report, a job, an exam, your hair,
damage, harm, a course, research, a favor.
Exercise 2
1. Mary, you should work harder and do your best if you want to be promoted.
2. — What are the chores you do around the house?
— I clean the bathroom and the kitchen, vacuum and prepare breakfast in
the morning.
3. If you keep making such stupid mistakes in your assignments, you’ll be
poorly graded this semester.
4. Speaking English is essential if you want to do business with international
companies.
5. When we were little, I made a pinky promise with my best friend that we
would get married on the same day.
6. Scientists are currently doing research on this new virus.
7. If I were you, I’d call a dentist and make an appointment as soon as
possible.
8. Our apartment was flooded by our neighbors from above and the water did
a lot of damage to all our furniture.
9. Shoot, mom made a list of things to buy but I think I left it at home.
10. I’m sorry to admit it but the whole class did such a poor job on the test last
week. No one managed to get even a B.
11. Sorry, I cannot hear anything in here. I’ll go outside to make a call to my
colleague.
12. What courses are you going to do this fall semester?
13. Anne made good progress with her computer programming skills. She is
good at C and Python and she isn’t planning to stop.
14. Don’t worry, it won’t do any harm to anyone if we keep this story a secret.
15. I was assigned to do a report about the local environmental community for
our school newspaper.
75
Exercise 3
1. Eating more plant based food will do you good.
2. Lucie spends so much time doing her hair, I hate waiting for her.
3. I’ll make you some tea and you’ll calm down, everything is going to be fine,
my darling..
4. They made several attempts to restore the files but everything was in
vain.
5. Although Josh didn’t score high enough on his SATs, the admission
committee made an exception and accepted him.
6. Karen’s boyfriend makes such nasty jokes about her friends. I don’t get it.
7. Sometimes girls who are on a diet are so obsessed with counting calories.
Relax, one tiny piece of cake won’t do you any harm.
8. When Dad does the shopping, he always forgets to buy sweets.
9. I tried not to make a sound when I was entering my room so my parents
wouldn’t notice I had snuck out.
10. Cris made sure everything was set for the guests’ arrival.
11. The main reason why I enjoy travelling is the opportunity to make new
friends.
12. British scientists have recently made a discovery that is going to shock
everyone!
13. Could you do me a favor and watch the kids tonight? I want to go out with
my school friends.
14. If you do the dishes, I’ll clean the bathroom.
15. Cutting down on sugar made/is making/will make a significant difference
in my diet.
76
13 HOW TO USE ZERO AND FIRST
CONDITIONAL
Exercise 1
If you forget your books at home, you can always take mine. (1)
When it is sunny, people often go for a walk. (0)
If I never have children, I’ll adopt many dogs. (1)
If you smoke a lot, it increases the risk of cancer. (0)
When you move to a bigger city, you’ll find a job more easily. (1)
hen someone falls in love, they never notice anything else. (0)
If we do go to this party, I will complain the whole time. (1)
When I’m free, I will call you back. (1)
If I study English hard, can talk to almost anyone abroad. (1)
Exercise 2
1. If we run out of oil, we will have to replace it with other energy resources in
the future.
2. It takes me a whole hour to get ready. That means if I wake up late,
I’m late for work for sure.
3. When my parents go on holidays, I always stay with my younger siblings at
home.
4. If people do not replace oil with sustainable energy resources, pollution
levels will increase drastically soon.
5. When I am in a new city, I love visiting museums and local cafés.
6. I will cook dinner if you are tired after work.
7. Rivers freeze if the temperature gets below zero degrees.
8. If Jessica doesn’t reduce the amount of money she spends on clothes, she
will go bankrupt.
9. Will you sell your car if you need money?
10. Nick can’t stand any mess. If the house isn’t clean, he easily gets annoyed.
77
Exercise 3
1. I’ve heard many controversial things about that place. We probably won’t like
the food if we go there.
2. My family has some simple rules. If you are the last to finish eating, you do the
dishes.
3. I’m afraid we won’t be able to solve your issue if the warranty period is
over.
4. Jake can be stubborn. You know, if I try to talk to him, he won’t listen.
5. Sarah’s group mates are all very friendly. If one of them ever needs help, they
are always there for each other.
6. I forgot to get a gift for my little niece. She will be sad if she doesn't
receive any present.
7. What will you do if your exam scores are low?
8. If I have nothing to do in the evening, I will/might go out with my friends tonight.
9. Nick can lend you some money if you give it back soon.
10. If my parents invite friends over, they usually play board games.
78
14 SECOND AND THIRD CONDITIONAL:
THE SKY IS THE LIMIT
Exercise 2
1. If the celebrity hadn’t gotten into a scandal, he/she wouldn’t have
cancelled the tour.
2. If the man’s dog hadn’t saved him from the fire, he wouldn’t have
survived.
3. If global warming is stopped, new viruses won’t be awakened.
4. If the local high school fundraiser raises money next week, cancer
patients will get the required treatment.
5. If that lead singer hadn’t had a baby, he/she wouldn’t have delayed the
album release.
6. If the weather in Europe hadn’t been bad, school lessons wouldn’t have
been cancelled.
Exercise 3
1. Kathy is supposed to graduate this year. If she doesn’t work harder,
she won’t pass her exams.
2. I think something is wrong with Jill. If everything was okay, she would
call me.
3. If Mike doesn’t go to the party tomorrow, I won’t go either.
4. If our baby had slept better last night, my wife wouldn’t have been so
tired this morning.
5. Marcus is really busy with his work now. If Marcus had more free time,
he would travel more.
6. You will be so tired tomorrow morning if you don’t go to bed now.
7. I am perfectly fine without a car, I use public transport to commute to my
university. If I wanted to buy a car, I would buy one.
8. Miriam has moved to Italy. If she hadn’t learnt Italian in advance, she
would have had difficulties in her first months in Italy.
9. When I drink coffee, I always get a headache.
10. If the children were asleep, I would be able to read a little. But they won’t
go to bed.
79
15 MIXED CONDITIONALS
Exercise 1
If I hadn’t met you back then, I would have a different life now.
If you were a more responsible person, you would have notified me.
This could have had bad consequences if we hadn’t reacted in time.
If I had quit my job, I would not have money to travel.
I would have learned German if I had more time for that.
If I were a better student, I would not have failed the exam.
If you hadn’t behaved so badly last night, we wouldn’t be in an

argument.
I would have gone hiking, if I had more energy.
I could have been a teacher, if I had chosen to study in a university.
He might have become a designer, if he were more creative.
80
Exercise 2
1. If you had woken me up earlier, I wouldn’t be late for my appointment now.
2. If I wasn’t afraid to fly, I would have visited you in London a long time ago.
3. Clark would have had his diploma if he hadn’t flunked his classes during
his last year at university.
4. If you had invested in those stocks 2 years ago, you would earn twice as
much as their price selling them now.
5. Go to the garage and check if the car is there. If Josh took it, you will have
to walk.
6. If Mike got on a bus 20 minutes ago, he will arrive here in 10 minutes. Just
wait a little bit.
7. If my parents had taken me to museums more when I was little, I would
love art more now.
8. If I didn’t love you, I wouldn’t have agreed to marry you and wouldn’t have
had 3 kids with you.
9. Kate would speak French fluently if she had started learning it back at
school.
10. Oh, Nick would have met you at the airport yesterday if his car wasn’t
in the shop.
11. If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn’t be running so late now.
12. If Luke hadn’t overeaten at the family dinner, he wouldn’t be bloated now.
13. If we were rich, our son wouldn’t have taken out a huge student loan to
cover his college tuition. He still can’t pay it off.
14. I would have come over for a sleepover at your place yesterday if my mom
wasn’t so strict.
15. If you paid more attention, you would have noticed how sad she was
yesterday.
81
Exercise 3
1. If Nathan wasn’t an inexperienced manager, his team wouldn’t have
failed to complete the project on time.
2. If my friends and I loved big parties and crowds, we would have gone to
Las Vegas.
3. If Jackie hadn’t left her coat at home, she wouldn’t be cold now.
4. If you prepared some overnight oats last night, you won’t have to wake up
early to make breakfast tomorrow.
5. If my house wasn’t a mess, I wouldn’t have spent 2 hours searching for
my birth certificate yesterday.
6. If my parents hadn’t been late to the airport and hadn’t missed their
flight, they would be at my wedding.
7. If Mike hadn’t forgotten to notify his bank about his trip to Europe, his
credit card wouldn’t be blocked now.
8. If Lucie wasn’t very hard-working, she wouldn’t have gotten into Harvard.
9. If you had told me that you needed my help tonight, I wouldn’t go to the
theatre with my friends.
10. If we had reserved a table, we wouldn’t have to go to another place.
82
16 WHAT IS ANOTHER EXPRESSION FOR IF?
(UNLESS, PROVIDED THAT, SUPPOSING, ETC.)
Exercise 1
1 u n L e s s
2 I f
3 i N c a s e o f
4 s u p p o s i n G
U
5 A s l o n g a s
6 b u T f o r
7 o R e l s e
8 c o n d I t i o n
9 P r o v i d e d
Exercise 2
1. You can go swimming on condition that you don’t swim too far from the shore.
2. Unless you avoid your problems, you will grow as a person.
3. The investors will give us money on condition that we split the profit equally.
4. Kathy will be disappointed if Jack doesn’t get into the university.
5. Be late again and I’ll lose my patience.
6. Don’t make so much noise or else you’ll wake up grandma.
7. I’ll be able to come providing/on condition that all expenses are paid.
8. But for my parents’ invaluable support, I couldn’t have achieved so much.
9. We'll buy you a new phone as long as you pass your exams with flying colors.
10. Suppose you were fired, would you be able to support your family financially
for at least 6 months?
83
Exercise 3
Here are some possible answers.
1. John has made a presentation about his past experience in case the
company’s HR wants to see it.
2. Unless somebody helps me with this project, I won’t complete it by the
deadline (it won’t be ready by the deadline).
3. As long as Judy earns $700 this month, she’ll be able to pay her rent and
living expenses.
4. When I eat sweets, I always get breakouts the next morning.
5. People are free to do whatever they want provided those actions are
legal.
6. Suppose your neighbor’s house was on fire, what would you do?
7. You should arrive at the airport 2 hours before boarding. Otherwise,
you’ll miss your flight.
8. But for her thoroughly curated portfolio, Lucie wouldn’t have succeeded
in her modeling career.
9. Never take my car again without asking me or else I’ll punish you. Take my
car again without warning me and I’ll punish you.
10. Unless I need something, I won’t wake you up when I get home.
84
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Grammar Test

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Grammar Test

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FOR

A GLIMPSE OF WHAT’S AHEAD:

1. Articles: they finally make sense ………………………………………………………………. 3

2. Nouns: countable, uncountable, or…?.............................................................. 6

3. Pluralia tantum and singularia tantum: which is which? ….………………….……. 11

4. Bored or boring? Adjectives ending in -ED and –ING ..................................... 12

5. Prepositions of time: a moment of clarity ………………………..………………………. 15

6. Prepositions of place: at, on or something else?.……………………….…............ 18

7. Adjective and preposition combinations …………………………………………..…….… 21

8. Adjectives and adverbs: What’s the difference? …………………………………….…. 24

9. English tenses and their uses …………………………………..……………………….…….. 27

10. Reported speech ………………………………………………………………..…………..…..….. 30

11. Verb lists: infinitives and gerunds ………………………………….…………….…..…..…. 32

12. DO or MAKE? …………………………………………………………………………….….……….... 37

13. How to use zero and first conditional ............................................................. 41

15. Mixed conditionals ………………………………….………………………..………….………….. 46

16. What is another word for IF?.……..................................................................… 50

Answer Keys ……………………………………..……………………………………………………. 52

______ Lake Baikal ______ Africa ______ California

____ Sahara desert ______ Pacific Ocean ______ Netherlands

______ Asia ______ London ______ East Coast

______ Moscow ____ Mediterranean Sea ______ USA

______ Germany ____ Europe ______ River Thames

Countable Countable Countable Countable

a container an electric an experience

Uncountable Uncountable Uncountable Uncountable

a meal a material a material a general

a newspaper an electrical a particular

Uncountable Uncountable Uncountable Uncountable

Uncountable Uncountable Uncountable Uncountable

a product, synonym love as to have faith

1. Lucie and I share a lot of beautiful memories/memory

1. There are less/fewer fruits in this picture than in the other.

Exercise 1. Choose the correct option in each case.

Exercise 2. Determine the number of the subject and

Feel free to use a dictionary!

1. were, students, boring, because, bored, the lecture, was

1. My children are never amusing/amused by clowns.

1. There was a sudden loud noise coming from downstairs and

There is a lot of fashionable furniture ____ the room. A table is

THROUGH My dog is a great pet and a real

careful/carefully, quick/quickly, happy/happily, well/good,

1. Place the lid on top of the jar _____.

fast I beautiful I close I loudly I bright I

Exercise 1. Solve a crossword puzzle.

ㅡ "She is waiting for me across the bar." (He, say)

1. ㅡ My dad will drive me to school. (She, claim)

Exercise 2. Correct the mistakes in the following

HERE TWO DAYS BEFORE

THESE THE FOLLOWING

TODAY TWO DAYS LATER

TOMORROW THE DAY BEFORE

THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW THAT

THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY THE NEXT DAY

LAST THAT DAY

Exercise 1. Put the verbs in parentheses into the

1. Mark agreed taking on this job on condition he was entitled to

Exercise 1. Find and circle the words used with

APPOINTMENT ATTEMPT BED

BUSINESS CALL COURSE

DAMAGE DISCOVERY EXAM

EXCEPTION EXCUSE FAVOR

FRIENDS FUN GOOD

HAIR HARM JOB

MISTAKE PROGRESS PROMISE

REPORT RESEARCH SHOPPING

SOUND SURE TEA

If you forget your books at home, I’ll adopt many dogs.

Exercise 2. Correct mistakes in the following

1. I’ve heard many controversial things about that place. We

LinguaHack: Is it easy for you to understand the news article headlines?

• Articles and TO BE verb are not used.

• Present Simple is used instead of Past Simple and Present Perfect.

• To + infinitive is used to describe future events.

• TO BE verb is not used in the passive voice.

1. CELEBRITY CANCELS TOUR AFTER SCANDAL

Lake Baikal Africa __ California

Sahara desert Pacific Ocean ____ Netherlands

Asia London __ East Coast

Moscow Mediterranean Sea USA

Germany Europe River Thames