NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
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INTRODUCTION
EXAMINATION RESULTS ARE DATA THAT CAN BE STUDIED AT LENGTH
USING DIFFERENT KIND OF PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION KNOWN AS
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
FREQUENCY POLYGON
INTRODUCTION
IF YOU ASK ENOUGH
PEOPLE ABOUT THEIR SHOE
SIZE, YOU WILL FIND THAT
YOUR GRAPHED DATA IS
SHAPED LIKE A BELL CURVE
AND CAN BE DESCRIBED
AS NORMALLY
DISTRIBUTED.
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
-IS A CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION OF DATA THAT
HAS THE SHAPE OF
SYMMETRICAL BELL CURVE
-ALSO CALLED GAUSIAN
DISTRIBUTION NAMED AFTER
CARL GAUSS
PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
IF A WELL PREPARED TEST IS ADMINISTERED TO A CLASS OF 100
STUDENTS, THERE WILL BE A HIGH SCORES, AS WELL AS A FEW
LOW SCORES. IN REALITY, IF A DISTRIBUTION CONSISTS OF A
VERY LARGE NUMBER OF CASES AND THE THREE MEASURES OF
AVERAGES (MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE) ARE EQUAL, THEN THE
DISTRIBUTION IS SYMMETRICAL AND THE SKEWNESS IS 0. IN
STATISTICS, SUCH DISTRIBUTION IS CALLED NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION OR SIMPLY NORMAL CURVE.
PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
1. THE DISTRIBUTION CURBE IS BELL
2. THE CURVE IS SYMMETRICAL ABOUT ITS
CENTER
3. THE MEAN, MEDIAN, AND THE MODE
COINCIDE AT THE CENTER
4. THE WIDTH OF THE CURVE IS DETERMINED
STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION
PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
5. THE TAILS OF THE CURVE
FLATTEN OUT INDEFINITELY
ALONG THEN HORIZONTAL
AXIS, ALWAYS APPROACHING
THE AXIS BUT NEVER
TOUCHING IT. THAT IS, THE
CURVE IS ASYMPTOTIC AT
THE BASE LINE.
PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
6. THE AREA UNDER THE
CURVE REPRESENTS THE
PROBABILITY OF PROPORTION
OR THE PERCENTAGE
ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIFIC
SETS OF MEASUREMENT
VALUES.
PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
The change of value of the mean shifts the graph of the normal
curve to the right or to the left.
The standard deviation determines the shape of the graphs
(particularly the height and the width of the curve). When the
standard deviation is large, the normal curve is short and wide,
while a small value for the standard deviation yields skinner
and taller graph.
PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
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PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
THE STANDARD NORMAL
CURVE
A STANDARD NORMAL
CURVE IS NORMAL
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION THAT HAS A
MEAN = 0 AND A
STANDARD DEVIATION = 1
EMPIRICAL RULE
EMPIRICAL RULE
THE AVERAGE IQ SCORE IS 100 WITH A STANDARD DEVIATION OF 15.
1. WHAT SCORE FALL WITHIN 68% OF THE DISTRIBUTION?
2. WHAT SCORE FALL WITHIN 95% OF THE DISTRIBUTION?
3. WHAT SCORE FALL WITHIN 99.7% OF THE DISTRIBUTION?
EMPIRICAL RULE
THE AVERAGE GRADE OF SHS STUDENTS IN
DRECMNHS IS NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED WITH A MEAN
OF 84 AND A STANDARD DEVIATION OF 3.
1. WHAT AVERAGE GRADES FALL WITHIN 68% OF THE
DISTRIBUTION?
2. IF YOUR AVERAGE GRADE IS 90, HOW MANY SD
ARE YOU AWAY FROM THE MEAN?
3. WHAT PERCENT OF THE AVERAGE ARE BETWEEN 78
TO 87?
SEAT WORK
THE HEIGHT OF G11 STUDENTS ARE NORMALLY
DISTRIBUTED WITH A MEAN OF 170 CM AND STANDARD
DEVIATION OF 7.5 CM.
A. ESTIMATE THE PROBABILITY OF STUDENT WHOSE
HEIGHT IS TALLER THAN 177.5 CM.
B. ESTIMATE THE PROBABILITY OF STUDENT WHOSE
HEIGHT IS TALLER THAN 147.5 CM.
C. ESTIMATE THE PROBABILITY OF STUDENT WHOSE
HEIGHT IS TALLER THAN 162.5 CM.
SEAT WORK
COMPLETE THE TABLE BELOW.
TABLE OF AREAS UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
-USED TO DETERMINE THE
AREA/PERCENTAGE UNDER
CONSIDERATION IN STANDARD NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
TABLE OF AREAS UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
TABLE OF AREAS UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
Z SCORE AREA
STEP 1: SPLIT YOUR GIVEN DECIMAL INTO TWO AFTER THE TENTHS DECIMAL PLACE. FOR EXAMPLE,
IF YOU’RE GIVEN 0.46, SPLIT THAT INTO 0.4 + 0.06.
STEP 2: LOOK UP YOUR DECIMALS FROM STEP 1 IN THE Z-TABLE. THE Z-TABLE BELOW GIVES THE
RESULT FROM LOOKING UP 0.4 IN THE LEFT COLUMN AND 0.06 IN THE TOP ROW. THE
INTERSECTION (I.E. THE AREA UNDER THE CURVE) IS .1772.
Z SCORE AREA
THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION IS SYMMETRICAL, SO IF YOU ARE
GIVEN NEGATIVE VALUES YOU CAN JUST LOOK UP THEIR ABSOLUTE
VALUES. FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU ARE ASKED FOR THE AREA OF A TAIL
ON THE LEFT TO -0.96, LOOK UP THE ABSOLUTE VALUE OF -0.96
(0.96).
EXERCISES
USE THE Z TABLE TO FIND THE AREA THAT CORRESPONDS TO EACH
OF THE FOLLOWING
1. Z=.56
2. Z=1.32
3. Z=-1.05
4. Z=-2.18
5. Z=-2.58
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Find the area that corresponds to z=2.
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Find the area that corresponds to z=2
Area of probability= 0.4772
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Find the area that corresponds to z=2.47
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Find the area that corresponds to z=2.47
Area of probability= 0.4932
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Find the area that corresponds to z=-2.47
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Find the area that corresponds to z=-2.47
Area of probability= 0.4932
Sign Notation Operation
greater than, to the
subtract the area corresponds to the
right, at least, more Positive P(z>a) given from 0.5
than, above
greater than, to the
right, at least, more Negative P(z>-a) add 0.5 to the corresponds area
than, above
less than, at most, no
more than, not greater Positive P(z<a) add 0.5 to the corresponds area
than, to the left
less than, at most, no
subtract the area corresponds to the
more than, not greater Negative P(z<-a) given from 0.5
than, to the left
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the right
of z=1.63
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area
under the standard
normal curve to
the right of z=1.63
The value that corresponds
to z=1.63 is 0.4484
0.5-0.4484=0.0516
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the right
of z=-0.52
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the right
of z=-0.52
The value that corresponds
to z=-0.52 is 0.1985
0.5+0.1985=0.6985
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the right
of z=-1.25
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the right
of z=-1.25
The value that corresponds
to z=1.25 is 0.3944
0.5+0.3944=0.8944
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the left of
z=-0.95
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the left of
z=-0.95
The value that corresponds
to z=-0.95 is 0.3289
0.5-0.3289=0.1711
Sign Notation Operation
Same subtract the biggest area to
P(a<z<b)
sign the smallest area
between
a and b
Different P(a<z<-b) add the biggest area to
sign P(-a<z<b) the smallest area
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve in between
z=1.03 and z=-0.37
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve in between
z=1.03 and z=-0.37
The value that
corresponds to z=1.03 is
0.3485 and z=-0.37 is
0.1443
0.3485+1443=0.4928
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve in between
z=0.32 and z=2.42
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Determine the area under the standard normal curve in between
z=0.32 and z=2.42
The value that
corresponds to z=0.32 is
0.1255 and z=2.42 is
0.4922
0.4922-0.1255=0.3667
