Magnetic Particle Inspection – Yoke Technique
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT .......................................................................................................3
2. DOCUMENTATION ...............................................................................................................3
2.1. CODES AND STANDARD ...............................................................................................3
2.2. PROJECT SPECIFIC DOCUMENTATION ...........................................................................3
3. DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................................3
4. PROCEDURE ........................................................................................................................3
4.1. SURFACE CONDITION ...................................................................................................3
4.2. TYPE OF MAGNETISATION .............................................................................................4
4.3. EQUIPMENT .................................................................................................................4
4.4. FERROMAGNETIC PARTICLES .......................................................................................4
4.4.1. Wet Particle .......................................................................................................................4
4.4.2. Dry Particle ........................................................................................................................4
4.4.3. Contrast Ink .......................................................................................................................4
4.5. INSPECTION TECHNIQUES .............................................................................................4
4.5.1. Overlap sequence for plate butt welding, Pipe butt weld with OD>1330mm & flat
material with no weld .....................................................................................................................5
4.5.2. Overlap sequence for pipe butt weld with OD>75mm ......................................................6
4.5.3. Overlap sequence for plate & tubular T K Y joint geometry ..............................................6
4.5.4. Overlap sequence for internal connection inspection for ID<100mm ...............................7
4.5.5. Overlap sequence for internal connection inspection for ID>100mm ...............................8
4.6. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENT ..........................................................................................9
4.6.1. Inspection Conditions ........................................................................................................9
4.7. MAGNETIC FORCE ADEQUACY ......................................................................................9
4.7.1. ASME V, ASTM E709 & AWS D11 ...................................................................................9
4.7.2. DNV OS F101 ...................................................................................................................9
4.8. MAGNETIC FIELD .........................................................................................................9
4.9. EVALUATION OF INDICATION ....................................................................................... 10
4.9.1. Relevant Indications ........................................................................................................10
4.9.2. Non-relevant Indications .................................................................................................10
4.9.3. False Indications .............................................................................................................10
5. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA................................................................................................... 10
6. PERSONNEL ....................................................................................................................... 10
7. REPORTING ........................................................................................................................ 11
APPENDIX A - ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA API 1104 ................................................................... 12
APPENDIX B - ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ASME VIII – DIV. 1 AP. 6 .......................................... 13
LIVOYE Signature numérique
LIVOYE Signature numérique
de LIVOYE Thomas - de LIVOYE Thomas - 1/17
Thomas - COFREND BO3
013400 Thomas - SNT- SNT-TC-1A Level III
COFREND Date : 2022.07.18
BO3 013400
Date : 2022.07.18
07:37:06 +02'00'
TC-1A Level III 07:39:16 +02'00'
APPENDIX C - ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA AWS D1.1 ................................................................. 14
APPENDIX D - ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA DNV OS F101 ........................................................... 16
APPENDIX D - ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA NORSOK M 101 ........................................................ 17
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1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT
This Procedure describes the conditions necessary for execution of non destructive test by magnetic
particles using yoke technique in ferromagnetic material with or not of welding.
As necessary, this general procedure shall be amended with project specific requirements by a Work
Instruction.
2. DOCUMENTATION
2.1. CODES AND STANDARD
Latest or contractual editions of below standards shall be used.
Ref. [1]. ASME Section V Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code –– Nondestructive Examination –
Ref. [2]. ASTM E-709 Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Test
Ref. [3]. AWS D1.1/D1.1M Structure Welding Code
Ref. [4]. ISO 9712 Non-Destructive testing – Qualification and Certification of
personnel
Ref. [5]. API 1104 Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities Twenty Edition
Ref. [6]. DNV OS F101 Submarine Pipeline Systems
Ref. [7]. ISO 9934-2 Non Destructive Testing – Magnetic Particle Testing – Part 2
Detection Media
Ref. [8]. ISO 9934-3 Non-destructive testing — Magnetic particle testing — Part 3:
Equipment
Ref. [9]. ISO 17638 Non-destructive testing of welds — Magnetic particle testing
2.2. PROJECT SPECIFIC DOCUMENTATION
To be filled by project
3. DEFINITIONS
MT Magnetic Testing
MUT Manual Ultrasonic Testing
NDE Non Destructive Evaluation
NDT Non Destructive Testing
RT Radiographic Testing
WI Work Instruction
WT Wall Thickness
4. PROCEDURE
4.1. SURFACE CONDITION
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Prior to examination, the surface to be under examination and all adjacent areas within at least one inch
shall be dry and free of any dirt, grease, oil, welding flux (if SAW used) and spatters that may interfere with
the examination.
It may be necessary to improve the surface condition, e.g., by use of abrasive paper or local grinding to
permit accurate interpretation of indications.
Any cleaning or surface preparation shall not be detrimental to the material, the surface finish or the
magnetic testing media.
4.2. TYPE OF MAGNETISATION
The magnetization of the zone under test will be carried out using an electro-magnetic yoke, conform to ISO
9934-3 or equivalent.
4.3. EQUIPMENT
AC yokes shall be used. The brand and voltage of the equipment is given in the work instruction specific to
the project.
The yoke shall have adjustable legs, but the spacing between them will be no more than 6 inches. The
method will detect discontinuities open to the surface.
The magnetizing force shall be within the values of 24 A/cm to 65 A/cm in the entire test area specified in the
overlapping scheme proposed in the procedure. The lifting power of the yoke shall be tested at a maximum
interval of 6 months and shall be at least 4.5 kg at the maximum pole spacing and the results shall be
recorded and made available. For other equipment needed for the inspection, the frequency of verification
calibration, usually every six months, shall be as per Table 2 of ASTM E709, or whenever a malfunction is
suspected.
4.4. FERROMAGNETIC PARTICLES
Magnetic particles are selected by colour to produce the best contrast with the surface under test.
4.4.1. Wet Particle
The wet method (visible of fluorescent) will be applied for magnetic particle inspection for temperature below
57°C. this method shall be used instead of dry particles wherever possible. The use of dry particles instead
of wet shall be dully documented.
A list of possible products shall be listed in the WI. Water or Kerosene based liquid which complies with
ASME SE 709 (or ISO 9934-2, depending on code to be followed) shall be used.
For fluorescent particles, the required settling volume is from 0.1 to 0.4 mL in a 100-mL bath sample and
from 1.2 to 2.4 mL per 100 mL of vehicle for nonfluorescent particles unless otherwise specified by the
particle manufacturer on the can or batch certificate.
4.4.2. Dry Particle
Dry magnetic particle size shall be conformed to the requirements of ISO 9934-2. The colour of the dry
powder will be chosen to give the best contrast with the component under test.
Dry visible of fluorescent may be used and the product shall be documented in the WI.
4.4.3. Contrast Ink
Wet ink colour contrast shall be used. The application of contrast paint can be avoided only in the case of
machined parts inspection, since the colour of the surface of the part under test already gives an appropriate
contrast with the magnetic particles in use.
Thickness of contrast pain shall be less than 10µm. Drying time shall exceed 5min.
4.5. INSPECTION TECHNIQUES
The inspection shall always be in two steps, and the second steps performed with the YOKE positioned
approximately perpendicular to the first inspection step.
The sequence depends on the type of overlap joint or part. The spacing between the poles YOKE and the
distance between the positions of the YOKE depends on the model used.
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The useful area of the test is as Figure 1 with the intensity of the tangential magnetic field between 24 and
48 A/cm. In addition, the useful area of interest shall be 25mm away from the prods.
um
im
ax
M
um
im
in
M
Figure 1 – Useful Area of the test
4.5.1. Overlap sequence for plate butt welding, Pipe butt weld with OD>1330mm & flat material with no
weld
The overlap scheme is as defined in Figure 2 and Table 1. The test sequence 1-1; 2-2; 3-3; 4-4; etc
Figure 2 – Overlap sequence for butt welded joints on flat plates; piping welded joints with diameter
≥ 1330 mm and flat surfaces with no weld.
Table 1
A Maximum (mm) B maximum (mm) C Minimum (mm)
165 116 50
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4.5.2. Overlap sequence for pipe butt weld with OD>75mm
The following sequence (shown in Figure 3 & table 2) shall be followed:
− 1st Stage: 1-1; 2-2; 3-3; 4-4; etc.;
− 2nd Stage: A-A; B-B; C-C; D-D; etc.
X Y
1 2 1 3 2 3
1’ 2’ 1’ 3’ 2’ 3’
A B C D
A B’ C D
Figure 3 – Overlap sequence for pipes of diameter > 75mm
Table 2
Min X (mm) Min Y (mm) Min W (mm) Min Z (mm)
150 50 Z/2 150
4.5.3. Overlap sequence for plate & tubular T K Y joint geometry
The following sequence (detailed in Figure 4 and table 3) shall be followed:
− 1st Stage: 1-1, 2-2, 3-3, 4-4.
− 2nd Stage: A-A, B-B, C-C, D-D.
Observation: For weld caps wider than 25 mm the 1st stage is also made on the other side of the weld, with
the sequence 1'-1 ', 2'-2', 3'-3 ', 4'-4', etc…
Figure 4 – Overlap sequence for plate T K Y joint geometry (in green an red are the effective area)
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1st sequence 2nd sequence
Weld
Figure 5 - Overlap sequence for tubular T K Y joint geometry for diamaters
Weld
Figure 6 - Overlap sequence for tubular T K Y joint geometry for diameters <25mm
Table 3
X Maximum (mm) Y Minimum (mm) a+b Maximum (mm) W Maximum (mm)
150 50 150 (a+b)/2
4.5.4. Overlap sequence for internal connection inspection for ID<100mm
The following sequence shall be applied for ID<100m the details are given in Figure 7):
− 1st Stage: 1-1, 2-2, 3-3, 4-4.
− 2nd Stage: A-A, B-B, C-C, D-D.
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Yoke
Internal
External
Figure 7 - overlap sequence for ID<100mm
The shoe YOKE should stay away at least 30 mm from the edge of the weld.
4.5.5. Overlap sequence for internal connection inspection for ID>100mm
The following sequence shall be applied for ID<100m the details are given in Figure 8 and table 4):
− 1st Stage: 1-1, 2-2, 3-3, 4-4.
− 2nd Stage: A-A, B-B, C-C, D-D.
Yoke
Internal
External
Internal
Weld
External
Figure 8 - Overlap sequence for ID >100mm
Table 4
X Maximum (mm) Y Minimum (mm) a+b Maximum (mm) W Maximum (mm)
150 50 75 to 150 60
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4.6. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENT
4.6.1. Inspection Conditions
The intensity of the white light test on the surface will be:
− Minimum 1076 lux (100 foot candles) for test white light visible particles
− Maximum 20 lux for test fluorescent magnetic particles
For testing with fluorescent magnetic particles, it shall be used filtered black light (365 nm). The lamp shall
be heated for at least 5 (five) minutes. During this time, the inspector will remain in the environment for
adaptation of vision. The intensity of ultraviolet light on the surface under test shall be at least 1000 µW / cm
² proved by means of a gauge sensitive to ultraviolet light. The intensity of ultraviolet light will be checked at
the beginning of the work, every 8 hours.
4.7. MAGNETIC FORCE ADEQUACY
4.7.1. ASME V, ASTM E709 & AWS D11
Electromagnetic AC yokes shall develop a minimum lifting force of 4.5 kg at maximum leg spread. The lifting
force shall be checked at the beginning and at every 8 hours of work or whenever a power failure occurs.
4.7.2. DNV OS F101
As per DNV OS F101 App D, Electromagnetic AC yokes shall develop a minimum lifting force of 5 kg at
maximum leg spread. The lifting force shall be checked at the beginning and at every 8 hours of work or
whenever a power failure occurs.
4.8. MAGNETIC FIELD
The inspection will be performed in the examination condition. The magnetic field shall be verified on an
octagonal piece according to ASME SE 709 (see Figure 9).
This test shall be performed at the beginning of each work phase (ie: qualification) or whenever the operator
has a doubt on the behaviour of the Yoke.
Figure 9- Magnetic Field Indicator
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4.9. EVALUATION OF INDICATION
Discontinuities and defects will be indicated by retention of the magnetic particles. All such indications are
not necessarily defects. Indications may be relevant (4.9.1), non-relevant (4.9.2), or false (4.9.3)
If indications are believed to be due to spurious effects, these indications will be explored to determine if
relevant linear discontinuities are present. Where masking is suspected the test surface shall be dressed or
alternative test methods should be used.
4.9.1. Relevant Indications
Relevant indications are produced by leakage fields which are the result of discontinuities. Relevant
indications require evaluation with regard to the acceptance standards agreed upon between the
manufacturer/ test agency and the purchaser (see Annex A1 of ASTM E709), proposed relevancy 1/16”.
Linear indications are those in which the length is more than three times the width. Rounded indications are
those in which the length is three times the width or less.
4.9.2. Non-relevant Indications
Non-relevant indications can occur singly or in patterns as a result of leakage fields created by conditions
that require no evaluation such as changes in section (like keyways and drilled holes), inherent material
properties (like the edge of a bimetallic weld), magnetic writing, etc.
4.9.3. False Indications
False indications are not the result of magnetic forces. Examples are particles held mechanically or by
gravity in shallow depressions or particles held by rust or scale on the surface.
5. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
The following acceptance criteria are give in the Appendices:
− APPENDIX A- Acceptance Criteria – API – 1104;
− APPENDIX B - Acceptance Criteria – ASME VIII – Div. 1 Ap. 6;
− APPENDIX C - Acceptance Criteria – AWS – D1.1;
− APPENDIX D- Acceptance Criteria – DNV – OS – F101.
− APPENDIX E - Acceptance Criteria – NORSOK M 101
6. PERSONNEL
The Personnel shall have vision, with correction if necessary, to enable him to read a Jaeger Type No. 1
Standard Chart at a distance of not less than 12 in. (300 mm), and is capable of distinguishing and
differentiating contrast between colours used. These requirements shall be checked annually.
The MT Inspection will be performed and results will evaluated by technicians qualified and certified as Level
II for the applicable method, in accordance with ISO 9712 or equivalent.
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7. REPORTING
Report forms that clearly identify the work areas tested and their location shall be submitted by the operator
at the time of inspection. These forms (together with any relevant sketches and/or drawings for clarification
where needed) shall be submitted to include the following information
− Client
− Specification / Acceptance Criteria
− Procedure number
− Project
− Technique
− Equipment
− Ink/Powder type, brand
− Contrast paint (if applicable)
− Weld number
− Indications
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APPENDIX A - ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA API 1104
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APPENDIX B - ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ASME VIII – DIV. 1 AP. 6
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APPENDIX C - ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA AWS D1.1
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APPENDIX D - ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA DNV OS F101
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APPENDIX E - ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA NORSOK M 101
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