A TECHNICAL REPORT

ON

STUDENTS’ INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

UNDERTAKEN AT

OGUNSUSI SPECIALIST HOSPITAL

ILE OLUJI, ONDO STATE

BY

ABIODUN HANNAH PRECIOUS

A REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE LABORATORY

TECHNOLOGY,

SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCE,

FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC ILE OLUJI, ILE OLUJI ONDO STATE

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF

NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY.

FEBRUARY 2024

i
 A TECHNICAL REPORT

ON

STUDENTS’ INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

UNDERTAKEN AT

OGUNSUSI SPECIALIST HOSPITAL

ILE OLUJI, ONDO STATE

BY

ABIODUN HANNAH PRECIOUS

A REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE LABORATORY

TECHNOLOGY,

SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCE,

FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC ILE OLUJI, ILE OLUJI ONDO STATE

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF

NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY.

FEBRUARY 2024

ii
 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that ABIODUN HANNAH PRECIOUS with Matriculation Number

FPI/SLT/22/008 of the department of Science Laboratory and technology Federal Polytechnic

Ile Oluji, Ile Oluji Ondo State, in having met the standard as required by the institution and

approved as to contents and signed by:

____________________ ________________
Mr. Omotosho Date
Head of Department

____________________ ________________
SIWES SUPERVISOR Date

__________________ ________________
Mrs. Agunde Date

iii
 DEDICATION

This report is dedicated to Almighty God

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I wish to appreciate God Almighty for granting me the grace and the opportunity to be alive till

this moment to complete this SIWES program successfully.

I also appreciate the management and the staff of Federal Polytechnic Ile Oluji health Centre for

the knowledge in making experiencing many experiences during the period of SIWES program.

My sincere appreciation goes to the Head of the Department of Science Laboratory Technology

Mr. Omotosho T.P and all the amazing staff of Science laboratory for taking me under their

tutelage and their patient in teaching and equipping me with diverse managerial and knowledge.

Also, my appreciation goes to everyone who supported me financially, physically and also in

prayers, May God Bless you all.

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover page

Title Page i

Dedication ii

Certification iii

Acknowledgements iv

Table of Contents v

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Background of Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) 1

1.2 Aims and Objectives of SIWES 2

1.3 Bodies Involved in the Management of SIWES 2

CHAPTER TWO

2.1 Brief History 2

2.2 Organizational Structure 3

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 Knowledge Gained during the Training 5

1
CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Summary, Recommendations and Conclusion

4.1 Summary 8

4.3 Recommendations 8

4.3 Conclusions

Reference

2
 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

SIWES (student’s industrial work experience scheme) is a scheme designed by the federal

ministry of education; the industrial training fund is the National board for technical education

and institution of high students in Nigeria. SIWES (student’s industrial work experience scheme)

is aimed at granting or exposing students to experience the nature of work they’re to encounter

when they finish their program in school depending on one discipline. The scheme also gives

students opportunity to gain experience practically what was not taught in school during their

program, it also helps students to practicalize the theory aspect of their lecture in school. It also

gives the students the opportunity to be versatile. It makes the students popular, it also act as a

medium of job opportunity when they finish their program in school, it gives a detailed account

of all work carried out during SIWES and as well as the problems faced.

1.1 Brief history of SIWES

The student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was established in 1973/1974 session

by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF). Prior to the establishment of this scheme, there was a

growing concern among our industrialists that graduates of our institutions of higher learning

lacked adequate practices background studies preparatory to employment in the industries. It is

against this background that the aim of initiating and designing the scheme was hinged.

Consequently, the scheme affords students the opportunity of familiarizing and exposing

themselves, to the needed experience in handling equipment and machinery that are usually not

available in the institutions. The ITF solely funded the scheme during its formative years. It

withdraws from the scheme in 1978 due to the financial problem. The federal government

handed the scheme in 1979 to both the National University Commission (NUC) and the National

Board of Technical Education (NBTE). Later, in November 1984, the federal government

changed the management and implementation of the scheme to ITF and it was effectively taken

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over by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) in July 1985 with the funding being solely borne by

the federal government.

1.2 Aims and objectives of SIWES

a) It act as medium for job opportunity for students

b) It provides students with experience outside their program in school

c) It grants students opportunity to practicalize the theoretical aspect of their course in school

d) Expose student to the kind of work experience they will encounter when they graduate

e) Expose students to know the operation and function of the instruments involved in their

course of study.

f) It makes students know how to manage difficult in work when they graduate

1.3 Roles of students during Student Industrial Work Experience

a) Students should attend institution's SIWES orientation programme before going on industrial

attachment

b) Students must comply with the employer’s rules and regulations

c) Students must keep proper records of training activities and other assignments in the logbook

d) Student must arrange their own accommodation during the period of attachment

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 CHAPTER TWO

2.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE HOSPITAL

The Ogunsusi Specialist Hospital (Ile-Oluji) is a Private hospital, located at Ile-Oluji 2, Ile-

Oluji/Okeigbo Local Government, Ondo State. It was established on Date Unknown, and

operates on 24hrs basis.

The Ogunsusi Specialist Hospital (Ile-Oluji) is Unlicensed hospital by the Nigeria Ministry of

Health, with facility code 28/01/1/2/2/0002 and registered as Secondary Health Care Centre.

The Medical laboratory perform various tests such as blood sampling tests, urine tests, stool

analysis, high vaginal swab test, and so on.

Company’s vision: To be a world class human resource agency, ensuring the delivery of

qualitative healthcare services for the people

Company’s mission: To provide highly skilled and motivated staff with the right attitude to

deliver efficient and effective health care to community.

Core values: Medical excellence based on knowledge, skills and first rate human relations.

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6
 LABORATORY SCIENTIST
CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Activities carried out in the units

In Ogunsusi Specialist Hospital, where I underwent my SIWES program, we have the following
LABORATORY TECHNICIANS
sections: Reception, Chemical Pathology, Hematology, Microbiology laboratory.

3.1 At the reception CLEANER DRIVER

The receptionist on seat, collects samples from patients waiting to be transferred to the

laboratory, put bills on the patient’s cards depending on the kind of tests to be done, register the
MEDICAL CHEMICAL
MICROBIOLOGY PATHOLOGY HAEMATOLOGY
patients cards and then also register results before they are given out to patient, they also give out

universal, anticoagulant bottles to patient and give them necessary instructions on how to collect

HISTOPATHOLOGY
into the bottles that is being given to them. Some of the laboratory materials are stored in the

reception. Listed below are a few steps to follow when dispatching microbiological specimens:

a) Keep a register of all specimens dispatched. Record the name, number, and ward or health

centre of the patient, type of specimen, investigation required, date of dispatch, and the

method of sending the specimen. When the report is received back from the microbiology

laboratory, record the date of the receipt in the register.

b) Check the specimen container is free from cracks, and the cap is leak-proof.

c) Use sufficient packaging material to protect a specimen especially when the container is a

glass tube. When the specimen is fluid use sufficient absorbent material to absorb it should a

leakage or breakage occur.

d) Mark all specimens that may contain highly infectious organisms.

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3.2 Microbiology laboratory

In this laboratory the following tests are carried out;

a) Malaria Parasite Test

b) Hepatitis B surface antigen test

3.2.1 Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HSSAB) Test

This is a serological test carried out to screen a patient blood for the hepatitis B surface antigen.

It aids in the diagnosis of Hepatitis B viral infection.

Aim: To screen a patient’s blood for Hepatitis B surface.

Principle: Based on the agglutination reaction between an antibody produced in response to

Hepatitis B viral infection and antigen embedded in the test strip.

Procedure:

1. The blood sample was transferred into a test tube

2. The sample was spun down by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain serum.

3. Using Pasteur pipette, two drops of serum were placed on the absorbent end of the test strip.

4. The test strip was allowed to stand for 2 minutes and the result was observed

RESULT

Positive: Two distinct red lines, one line should be in control region (c) and another line should

be in the test region.

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Negative: One red line appears in the control region (c) no apparent red line appears in the test

region (C).

Invalid: This occurs when the control Line fails to appear due to insufficient specimen volume

or incorrect procedural techniques.

3.2.2 Malaria Parasite Test

Aim: To investigate the presence of malaria parasite (plasma odium) in the blood sample

Principle: The thick blood film dictates the parasite present as Giemsa stain is used to stain the

film which helps for easy identification with the addition of immersion oil.

Sample: Whole Blood

Materials: Clean glass slide, cotton wool, spreader, staining rod, immersion oil, and microscope.

Procedure: Inverse the blood container for the blood to mix then place 1-2drops of blood sample

on a clean, dry grease free slide make a thick film or smear. Allow to air dry and flood the slide

with Giemsa stain and allow for -10 minutes, then allow to air dry. When completely dry, apply a

drop of immersion oil to an area of the cover an area of the 10mm in diameter. Select the

examiner for malaria parasite.

Observation/Result: Trophozoites of plasmodium falciparum and Monocytes containing black

pigment were seen with x100 oil immersion. A thick red dot is found on these black pigments. If

one red dot is seen, it is record as +, if two are seen, it is recorded as ++ etc

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3.3 Hematology Laboratory

In this laboratory, the following tests are carried out

a) Blood Group

b) Pregnancy Test

c) Widal Agglutination Reaction

d) Packed Cell Volume

e) Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) Screening

Pregnancy test

Precaution

It is necessary for one to be very careful while collecting and preparing blood samples. A

number of parasitological, bacterial and viral diseases can be transmitted through blood. The

time of collection should be mentioned on the specimen as well as on the result sheet and also

the laboratory number for correlation.

Steps involved

a. Select a sterile, dry plastic syringe of the capacity required, e.g. 2.5ml, 5ml or 10ml

b. Apply a soft tubing tourniquet or Velcro arm bound to the upper arm of the patient

10
c. Using the index finger feel for a suitable vein, selecting a sufficiently large straight vein

that does not roll and with a direction that can be felt.

d. Cleanse the puncture site with 70% ethanol and allow drying.

e. When sufficient blood has been collected, release the tourniquet and instruct the patient to

open his or her fist.

f. Centrifuge for 3-5 minutes (RCF 12000-15000xg), using the shorter time when the RCF is

15,000xg

g. Immediately after centrifuging, first check that there has been no leakage of blood from the

bottle or breakage.

h. Pregnancy Test is therefore carried out by inserting a pregnancy strip in the bottle

containing blood.

Most chemical tests for pregnancy look for the presence of the beta subunit of hCG or human

chorionic gonadotropin in the blood or urine. hCG can be detected in urine or blood after

implantation, which occurs six to twelve days after fertilization. Quantitative blood (serum beta)

tests can detect hCG levels as low as 1 mIU/mL, while urine tests have published detection

thresholds of 20 mIU/mL to 100 mIU/mL, depending on the brand. Qualitative blood tests

generally have a threshold of 25 mIU/mL, and so are less sensitive than some available home

pregnancy tests. Most home pregnancy tests are based on lateral-flow technology.

Results

The strip shows whether the patient is pregnant or not if Positive (double line): the patient is

pregnant

a) Negative (single line): the patient is not pregnant

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b) Invalid: No visible band at all. The test is repeated

NOTE: For detection of hCG in urine, same procedure is followed

Precautions

i. Test kit must not be beyond expiry date

ii. The test device must not be reused

iii. The test kit is for in vitro diagnostic use only

Widal test

Widal test is a test used for the diagnosis of typhoid fever, based on agglutination of salmonella

typhi by dilution of the patient serum. -

Aim: To detect the presence of antibodies against salmonella organism that causes paratyphoid

(typhoid fever).

Principle: This is based on agglutination reaction between an antibody present in the serum,

produced specifically against salmonella antigen and the salmonella antigen suspension to form

immune complex.

Procedure:

1. The patient’s blood is collected •using a tourniquet and syringe.

2. The patient’s blood sample was transferred into a test tube and spun for 10 minutes using the

centrifuge to obtain the serum.

3. A drop of the serum was placed on each of the depressions on the white tile using Pasteur

pipette.

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4. Equal amount of each of the salmonella antigen suspension (salmonella ‘0’ and ‘H’ antigen

suspensions) was dropped beside the already dropped serum.

5. The fluid was mixed homogenously.

6. The white tile was rocked continuously for about 2 minutes and the mixture was observed for

agglutination.

Result: The result is graded according to the degree of agglutination on each fluid ranging from

1:20<1:80<1:160<1:320. The diagnostic titre value of enteric fever is1:80. Hence, any titre value

equal or greater than 1:80 is diagnostic of enteric fever.

Packed cell volume

Value of Test:

The packed cell volume also called hematocrit, is used to calculate the mean cell hemoglobin

concentration (MCHC) and mean cell volume (MCV). These red cell indices are used in the

investigation of anemia. The PCV is also used to screen for anemia when it is not possible to

measure hemoglobin, and to diagnose polychaemia vera and to monitor its treatment. It is

suitable for screening large clinic populations’ e.g. antenatal clinics.

Specimen:

To measure the PCV, either well mixed well oxygenated EDTA anti coagulated blood can be

used or capillary blood collected into a heparinized capillary.

Equipment:

Microhaematocrit reader, centrifuge, needle, syringe, capillary tube.

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Test Method

1. About three quarters fills either a plain capillary with well mixed EDTA anticoagulated

blood (tested within 4 hours of collection), or a heparinized capillary with capillary tube

2. Seal the unfilled end, preferably using a sealant material. If unavailable, heats seal the

capillary using a small flame from a sprint or a pilot flame of a bursen burner, rotating the

end of a capillary in the flame.

3. Carefully locate the capillary in one of the numbered slots of the microhaematocrit rotor

with the sealed end against the rim gasket (to prevent breakage). Write the number on the

patient form.

4. Centrifuge for 3-5 minutes (RCF 12000-15000xg), using the shorter time when the RCF is

15,000xg

5. Immediately after centrifuging, read the PCV. First check that there has been no leakage of

blood from the capillary or breakage. To read the PCV in a hand held, align the base of the

red cell column on the 0 line and the top of the plasma column on the 100line.Read off the

PCV from scale. The reading point is the top of the red cell column, just below the buffy

coat layer (consisting of WBCs and platelets).

Results

Above the packed red cells is a white layer of platelets. Plasma is usually straw colored, but if

bright yellow; it is jaundiced, when colorless; it is iron deficient, when red; hemolysis has

occurred.

The normal PCV range for male is 39% - 53%.

The normal PCV range for female is 35% -49%.

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Factors that affect PCV result

a. Quality of capillary tube

b. Time and speed of centrifugation

c. Spectrum collection: quantity of anticoagulant

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 SUMMARY

During my period at the Hospital as a SIWES student, I catalogued some information materials

and I also did some activities at reception such as attending to patient and assisting in registration

of new patient. All skill acquired learnt and taught will be put into practice and work when I am

done with my National Diploma from the Federal Polytechnic, Ile Oluji, Ile Oluji Ondo State.

4.2 RECOMMENDATION

My industrial training at Ogunsusi Speciaolist Hospital, has exposed me to more practical

knowledge in medical laboratory and as made me appreciate Science laboratory technology as a

profession the more.

I hereby advice all intending SIWES students to focus on the experience they will acquire rather

than the financial rewards. Also, more public enlightenment awareness should be done to

educate people more on the need to always go for medical check-up and treatment in hospitals

rather than self-medication.

4.3 CONCLUSION

The industrial training programme exposed me to a lot of practical parts of the theory previously

taught and experience in several aspects of medical microbiology. I have learnt how major

diagnostic tests are being carried out to detect various kinds of infections or disease

manifestation in the human system. Also, the training has helped me to learn how to handle

laboratory equipment and use them effectively. I had the opportunity to perform microscopy of

samples which involves preparing slides for staining; viewing prepared slides and identifying

various colonies of organisms on plates are also part of the experience.

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 REFERENCES
ITF (2004). Information and guidelines for Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme:

Reviewed, Jos, Nigeria.

Wikipedia (2021): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fourneau_St-Michel Porcherie_(Forri

%C3%A8res).JPG.

The Federal Polytechnic Ile Oluji Student handbook

Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme Work logbook

17