Example 2:30. 4,6 m long. The i ; for the tension in the string. Fig. Solution: The line of actions of tensions T, Tan theorem is applicable. That is A string 2 m long is tied to the ends of a unif i ee aN ‘Orm rod th; e string passes over a nail, so that the rod hangs horizontally ats 60 N and is Hy. Make calculation, 2.56 d weight W meet at point C, and therefore Lam's w. T T 0 sin2a sin(180-a) sin (180~-a) From the geometry of Fig. 2.56, AC =BC=1m; CD= sina =0.8 and cosa = 0.6 From identity (i), we get sin (180-a) _ T=W sin2a Ww = 0.6m sina, 60 1 50N ———— = 60* = 2sina cosa 20.6 Scanned with CamScannersmooth sphere of radius 15cm and weight 2 N is supported j A a string whose length equals the radius of sphere they oo" surface of sphere. Workout inclination and the Je 2.33. act with a vertical wall by Lee € string, joins a point tension in the string and reactio’ se Refer. Fig. 2.59 for the arrangement. solution + 180° - 6 = 120° w Fig. 2.59 68 = 60° ‘The sphere is in equilibrium under the action of following forces: ( Weight W = 2.N of the sphere which acts vertically downwards through the centre O. (i) Tension T in the string (ii) Reaction R, of the wall at the point of contact B. Since the wall is smooth, this reaction acts perpendicular to the wall. toe three forces are concurrent, i.e., meet at point O and as such the Lami’s theorem is applicable. we ue sin 90° ~ sin 120° ~ Sin 150° raw sine | sin 20° ~ ?* Gragg ~ 251 N R,=w Sin180° | 0.5 » ain tape” 2* Gage WBN Scanned with CamScanner~xample 2.34, rolling do POint of ¢, A roll wn by a gi ‘Ontact B, er of wei; is kept free from 7 ight 500 N rests on a smooth inclined plane and is kep tring as shi a action at the own in Fig. 2.60. Work out tension in the string and re 180 - 75 - 45} Fig. 2.60 ® Solution : The lines of action for tension T, weight W and reaction R, at th at C (the centre of the roller) and as such Lami's theorem is t 7 i contact poi applicable. Th, Point meet segments around point C are as indicated in Fig. 2.60 (b). e angles betw. ©en various Invoking Lami's theorem, Ww. -_ 7 T sin (60+45) sin(75+45) — sin(90+ 45) sin 120° 0.866 S — = 500 x ——— = gag: Ry = W* sry050 500 * oo66 = 448-24N sin 135° _ 0.707 _ T =Wx aoa 7 500 * Oogg = 365.94 N Scanned with CamScannerExample 2.35. A uniform wheel of 50cm diameter and 1kN weight rests against a rigig rectangular block of thickness 20 cm (Fig. 2.61). Considering all surfaces smooth, determing (a) least pull to be applied through the centre of wheel to just turn it over the corner g the block, (b) reaction of the block Fig. 2.61 Scanned with CamScannerCo-Planar Forces Solution: The wheel is acted upon by the following forces when it is just about to turn ov th er the lock. () weight W= 1 KN of the wheel acting vertically downwards through centre of the sphere (i) Reaction R, of the block (ii) Pull P which must be applied normal to OA if it is to be minimum. When the sphere is just about to turn over the block, it will lose contact with the floor and apparently, the reaction at the contact point C would be zero. Further the wheel is in equilibrium and as such the forces W, R, and P meet at point O and the Lami's theorem applies. In the right angled triangle AOB, OB 50 - 20 =22 => =06; 0 = 53.18 cos 8 OA 50 0 3.13 wll Pe sin 90° sin 126.87° 143.13° sin 126.87° 0.8 a PsWwx ——— =1x— =0 sin 90° 1 SEES sin 143.13° 0.6 R =Wx ———— =1x— =0. « sin 90° 1 oor Scanned with CamScanner36. Fig. 2.62 shows a weight W tied to the end of a cord of Jen, . ney pth 1 , ¢ force F to pull the weight at an angle o as indicated in the Ge Determine the Example 2. igure. Proceed to fing I magnitude o! | the tension in the cord. | Tsing } F T cos a ‘90° @ W ®) Fig. 2.62 Solution: The three forces F, Tand Wmeet ata point and as such the Lami's theorem is applicable. Therefore 7 WE sin90° sin(180°-a) sin (90° +a) A Fewx sin(90+a) _ . sin 90°cos a + cos 90° sin _ yy C080 _ Weota sin (180 — a) sina sina | rewx no" _ 2 x | = Weosee « | sin (180° - a) sina Scanned with CamScannerExample 2.37. An electric li as shown in Fig, 2.63. The vertical. Using Lami's the: ight fixture weighing 50 N hangs from point C by two strings AC ang B string AC is inclined at 60° to the horizontal and string BC is 45° tg the ‘orem or otherwise determine the forces in the strings AC and BC, A W=50N Fig, 2.63 Solution : Let T, and T, be the tensions in strings AC and BC respectively. The line of action of tensions in AC and BC and weight W of the light fixture meet at point C, and therefore Lami’s theorem is applicable. That gives hth 50 sin 135° sin 150° sin 75° sin 135° 0.707 T, = 50 x m7” 50 x 0.966 = 36.594 N sin 150° _ 55, 0.50 _ os egn T, = 50 * Soe) 0.966 ~ 2 Scanned with CamScanner38. Abody acted upon by three forces P, P,andP. . pxample2: N, make calculations for the forces PR and P,, ie SHOWN in Fig.26tiein equil L ui FP, 7300 | Fig. 2.64 Solution : The given forces can be represented by the sides AB, BC and CA of the triangle ABC Fig. 2.64) | AB =P, =300N; BC = P; and CA =P, | Then applying the law of sines, | | Scanned with CamScanner1 JU = een ‘ = SUN 100 = 0.4454 aT [ling a rope as shown cos 63.55, is raised by PU Example 2.41. A joist of length 4 m and weighing 200 N i: Fig. 2.69, Deter; mine the tension T induced in the rope and reaction at end 4 Of the joist Solution ; The three forces acting in the system are: ® weight w Of the joist (ii) force T exe (ii) reaction R Under the reaction R passes fe point of intersection of W and T The three forces R, Tand Ware then represented by the sides LM, MN and NL of the triangle LMN (Fig. 2.70). Scanned with CamScannerith reference to Fig. 2.70 (a) AF = BF = AB cos 45° = 4 x 0.707 = 2.828m | | | EF = AE= 4x AF = 144m | | In triangle BCD, angle CBD = 25 + 45 = 70°. cD EF_ 1414 _ eis my Further = - . 22 = 1.6358 tan(Z CAE) = tan0 = * Sarg @ = 58.56° Then in the force triangle LMN, a = 90 - 58.56° = 31.44° B = 58.56 - 20 = 38.56° y = 180 - 31.44 - 38.56 = 110° From the law of sines T= WERE = 999 SIR SLAE - 167.45 N sinB sin i Oo | R= wit = 999210" - 301.67 N ee ane sinB sin 38.56° one ll ell Scanned with CamScannerE e 2.43, Two rollers of the same diameter are su . mo wall as shown in Fig. 2.73. The upper and the ed by an inclined ower rollers are respectively 200 N and 250 N in weight, ssuming smooth surfaces, find the reactions induced at points of support A, B, C and D. ution: The upper cylinder is kept in equilibrium by the 4 lowing set of concurrent forces: () weight 200 N acting vertically downward through Ne 15° its centre O, (i) reaction R, acting perpendicular to the inclined plane | (ii) pressure R, from the lower cylinder in the direction 0,0, __ Since these three forces are concurrent, the Lami's theorem applies. That gives Ry - R, tad sin(180-15) sin(90+15) sin 90 Plane ang , Fig. 2.73. = in 165° 0.2588 R,=Wwx Sate” = a sin99° 200% 51.76N 659 = 193.18 N Fig. 2.74 Scanned with CamScannerThe following set of forces keep the lower cylinder in equilibrium : () weight 250 N acting vertically downward through its centre O, Gi) reaction R, acting perpendicular to the vertical wall (4) reaction R, acting perpendicular to the inclined plane (iv) pressure R, from the upper cylinder in the direction 0,0, Resolving the forces along 0,0,, we get R, cos 15°- W, sin 15°- Ry =0 | R, = 0.966 - 250 x 0.259 - 51.76 = 0 (250 x 0.259) + 51.76 116.51 R= ae es = 120. 7 0.966 0.966 apt Resolving the forces perpendicular to 0,0,, we get Ry, - R, sin 15° - W, cos 15° = 0 R, =, sin 15° + W, cos 15° = (120.61 = 0.2588) + (250 x 0.9659) = 31.21 + 241.47 = 272.68N Scanned with CamScannerighing 500 N, reg, ; horizontal change, snot spheres P, Q each of radius 25 cm aero walls isoy3 horizontal channel having vertical walle (Fig. 2.75). If the distance bel ts of contact A, B ang make calculations for the Pressure exertéd on the wall and floor at points o » Band, following points need consideration : @ the spheres are smooth and as such the pressures at various points of contact would} Normal to the surface. (i) at the point of contact between the two spheres, joining their centres, the reactions would act along the li, 90cm Fig. 2.75 Fig. 2.76 With reference to Fig. 2.76, the line C, C, makes an angle « with the hon here P. "Zontal j; . through centre C, of sp! on 90-25-25 _ 40 “1 line passing cos. a = —J7— = 50 50 . a. = 36.877 ET Scanned with CamScannerring the equilibrium of sphere Q ZF, =0; R, - Reosa = 0 ZF, =0; Rsina - 500 = 0 Considet 500, __500__ _ 833.33 N io “Sina sin 36.87 R, =R cosa = 833.33 x cos 36.87 = 666.66 N Sphere Sphere p w=500N Fig. 2.77 Considering equilibrium of sphere P, ZF, =0; R,- Reosa=0 R, = R cos a = 833.33 cos 36.87 = 666.67 N Ze, =0; R,-W- R sina = 0 R =W+ R sin o = 500 + 833,33 x sin 36.87 = 1000 N Scanned with CamScannerExample 2.45. Refer to the system of cylinders arranged as depicted in Fig. 2.78. The li 4 and B weigh 1000 N each and the weight of cylinder C is 2000 N. Determine the forces enenns ee rt the contact points. Cc Solution : a, b and ¢ are centres of spheres. 0.6 0.6 abe2- os - 7 =14m ac =03 + 0.6 = 0.9m q 2 cos & = te = 0.7777; a = 38,94° Applying Lami’s theorem to the forces acting on sphere G S _& an I sin(90+a) sin(90+a) sin (180 - 2a) Fig. 2.78 sin (90 + a) sin (90 + 38.94) R, = R, = 2000 x ——————~ = 2000 x ——__—_~—- aa 132 sin (180 - 2a) 000 * in (180-2 x 38.94) 0.7777 = 2 = 2000 x 0.9777 1590.87 N TE Scanned with CamScannerConsidering the f body di f Ry cylinder A, © e* body diagram of x, & ZF, =0; R, - Ry cosa =0 R, = R, cos @ = 1590.87 x cos 38.94 ~~~" = 1237.38 N ZF, =0; Rj sma+W-R,=0 R, =R, sina+WwW 200 N = 1590.87 sin 38.94 + 1000 = 1999.87 N Fig. 2.79 Scanned with CamScanner, ae aa ample. 2.47. Two cylinders P and Q rest ii ExamP'iameter of 100mm and mses oon] a chanel as shown in Fg, 2 fylinder Q has diameter of 180 mm and weighs 500 Neue + 2.83. The cylinder Ritom width of the channel is 180mm and with one sae jertical and the other inclined at 60°, determine the pressures {tall the four points of contact Solution: The cylinder P is in equilibrium under the action of following forces which pass through its centre A (i weight 200 N of the cylinder acting downwards (ii) reaction R, at the vertical side (iii) reaction R, at the point of contact with cylinder Q Fig. 2.83 From geometrical configuration (Fig. 2.84), we have | | ZBCF = 60°; CF = BF cot 60° = 282 x 0.577 = 52mm | 2 BG FE = CD - CF - ED = 180 - 52 - 50 = 78mm AB = 50 + 90 = 140mm R P Ry Ri A Ry 200N 200N, (@ @) Fig. 2.84 cosZ ABG = a - 4 = 0.557; Z ABG = 56.15° _ Applying Lami’s equation to the system of forces acting at point A ae sin(90+56.15) sin90° —_sin(180—56.15) Scanned with CamScannerx 200 oe 0.557 x 200 R, = A 2 134.22NN + 0.830 and R, + 4%209 ~ 940.96N 0.830 (®) The cylinder (2 is in equilibrium under the action of following forces which pass through it centre B. () weight 500 N of the cylinder acting downwards (ii) reaction R, = 240.96 N of cylinder P (iii) reaction R, at the inclined surface (iv) reaction R, at the base ofychannel Fig. 2.85 The lines of action of reaction R, (acting upwards) and weight of the cylinder (actin downwards) coincide with each other. Net upward force = (Ry ~ 500) Applying Lami’s equation to the system of forces acting at point B es Ry ~ 500 sin60 sin(90+56.15) — sin(180 + 30 ~ 56.15) | - Ry __Ry__ Ry ~500 | 0.866 0.557 4407 Ry «0.557 _ 240. R= Re = 240.96 0.557 _ 391866 gag * 15498 N and Ry ~ 500 = Re*0.4407 _ 240.96 «0.4407 _ 115 65 0.866 0.866, Rg = 500 + 122.62 = 622.62 N Scanned with CamScanner