UGANDA CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION 2020

PHYSICS 535/2 MARKING GUIDE

Solution

(a) - Mass is constant while weight varies from place to place;

- Mass is a scalar quantity while weight is a vector quantity;

- Mass is measured in kg while weight is measured in newtons (N)

- Mass is quantity of matter a body contains while weight is the measure of the
gravitational pull of the earth on a body
- Mass is measured using a beam balance while weight is measured using a spring
balance
- Mass is a fundamental quantity while weight is a derived quantity (First two)
(b) Measurement by a spring balance depends on the streching of the string by the

gravitational force on the body; Variation in the gravitional force will therefore cause a

difference in the spring balance reading; Abeam balance compares the turning effect of

the two forces acted upon by the same gravitational force;

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(c) (i) 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡;

0 = 𝑢 + 3𝑎

𝑢 = −3𝑎 … … … … … … … … … … … … (𝑖),
1
From 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 ;
2

1
Therefore 9 = −9𝑎 + 𝑥𝑎𝑥32 , Implying that 𝑎 = −2 𝑚𝑠 −2 ;
2

(ii) From (i) 𝑢 = −3(−2) = 6 𝑚𝑠 −1;

1 1
Also 𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝑚𝑢2 ; = 𝑥 20 𝑥 62 ; = 360 𝐽;
2 2

(d) Friction can be reduced by

- Applying oil or grease between surfaces;

- Applying rollers;

- Applying ball bearing

- Polishing surfaces/smoothening (First two)

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(e) State three difference between a lens camera and a human eye (3 marks)

Solution

(a) The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction for a

given pair of media is a constant;

(b) (i) Critical angle 𝑐 = 90 − 41.3 = 48.7𝑜 ;

1 1
(ii) 𝑛 = sin 𝑐
,= ,=
sin 48.7
1.33;

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(c)

Image distance = 6.0 ± 0.2;

𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 6.0

Magnification 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 , = = 0.375;
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(d) (i) Dispersion is the splitting of white light into its component colours ;

(ii) Red colour is seen between R and B;

No colour is seen after the blue filter;

(e) - Focal length of a lens camera is constant and that of the eye is variable;

- Distance between the lens and film is variable for the lens while in the eye distance

between the lens and retina is fixed;

- The camera lens is artificial while that of the eye is natural;

- The camera lens is rigid while that of the eye is flexible

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- Camera focuses by varying position of the lens while eye focuses by varying shape of the
lens (First Three)

Solution

(a) (i)

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(ii) Water shows a rise and a concave curvature in the cappillary tube because the adhesive

forces are stronger than its cohesive forcws;

Mercury shows a fall and a convex meniscus because cohesive forces are stronger than the

adhesive forces;

(b) Brown nitrogen gas is collected in a gas jar and sedaled with a cover slip; Another jar

containing air is inverted and placed on top of the cover slip; When the cover slip is

removed, a brown colour is seen spreading into the top jar; containing air. After some

time, the brown colour will uniformly spread and fill the two jars; thus demostrating

diffusion

Alternatively

Cotton wool is soaked in ammonia chloride solution and then inserted into one open end of

an glass tube; Another piece of cotton wool is soaked into conc. sulpheric acid and then

fitted in the other open end of the glass tube; The tube is observed for some time;

A white ring is formed almost in the middle of the tube showing that hydron and ammonia

diffuses towards each other; this demostrates diffusion

(c) 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑏𝑦 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 = ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

Therefore 10𝑥450(70 − 𝜃) = 20𝑥4200(𝜃 − 10);

Implying that 4.5(70 − 𝜃); = 84(𝜃 − 10);

So 315 − 4.5𝜃 = 840𝜃 − 840

Then 88.5𝜃 = 1155

Simplifying gives 𝜃 = 13.05𝑂 𝐶 ;

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 (d) (i)

Vol (𝑐𝑚3 ) Vol (𝑐𝑚3 )

OR ,
,

-273
, 0 temp (𝑜 𝐶) 0,
temp (𝐾)

The graph shows that volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its temperature ;

(ii) As the temperature of a gas is reduced, the kinetic energy of the particles reduces, and they

slow down, The particles thereforecome close and the volume reduces. As the temperature

reduces further, a point is reached when the particles have zero kinetic energy, and theoretical

volume is observed. The temperature at which this occures is called the absolute zero

temperature,

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Solution

(a) (i) Magnetic meridian is the vertical plane containing the magnetic axis of a freely

suspended magnet;

Or It is a plane where a freely suspended magnet sets in the earth’s magnetic field
(ii) Angle of declination is the angle between the magnetic meridian and the

geographical meridian;

Or It is the angle between the magnetic north and the geographic north

(b) (i) Magnetic field is a region around a magnet where magnetic field is felt;

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 (ii)

(c) (i) Magnetic saturation is a point of maximum strength of a magnet; It occurs when all

dipoles are perfectly aligned; in one direction and the magnetic strength can not be

increased further

(ii) It produces a magnet in which one pole is nearer the end of a bar than the other;

OR Produces a weaker magnet OR takes long to magnetise

(d)

The iron ring concetrated magnetic field lines to itself; hence screening the watch from

magnetism;

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(e) (i) Rectification is the conversion of alternating current to direct current;

(ii)

During the first half cycle when F is positive, diodes b and a conduct. Current fallows the

path FDC through the load to EBA;

In the second half cycle when A is positive diodes c and d conduct current and follows

the path ABC through the load and then through the path EDF;

In each half cycle current folws through the load in the same diorection;

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11
Solution

(a) (i) Beta particles; (ii) Gamma rays;

(b) This is the combining/union/joining of two lighter nuclei to form a heavy nucleus with
release of energy;

(c) (i) 𝑎 + 0 + 56 = 92 implying that 𝑎 = 92 − 56 = 36;

𝑏 + 2 + 144 = 236 implying that 𝑏 = 236 − 146 = 90;

(ii) - Generation of electricity;

- Making of atomic or nuclear bomb;

(d) (i) Production of more electrons thermionically;

(ii) Regulates the number of electrons passing on to the screen;

Regulates the brightness of the spot;

(e) (i) Amplitude 𝑎 = 2 𝑐𝑚, Therefore 𝑎 = 2 𝑥 5, = 10 𝑉 ;

(ii) Frequency, period 𝑇 = 4𝑐𝑚, So 𝑇 = 4𝑥 0.002 = 0.008 𝑠,

1 1
Therefore 𝑓 = = = 125 𝐻𝑧;
𝑇 0.008

(f) - Mesurement of frequency;

- Mesurement of voltage;

- Mesurement of small time intervals

- Used in Tv screens
- Used in computer monitors
- Measurement of phase difference
- Displying of wave forms (First two)

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Solution

(a) (i) Polarisation is a defect in a cell resulting into formation a layer of hydrogen

bubbles on the copper plate weakening current;

Local action in a cell is caused by the formation of hydrogen bubbles at the zinc

plate;

(ii) Polarisation can be minimised byadding a depolisor eg manganese (iv) oxide or

pottasium dichromate OR brushing off the bubbles;

Local action is minimised by cleaning the zinc plate in sulpheric acid and the rubbing

with mercury;

(iii) Lead acid accumulator

- Have a low internal resistance than a dry cell;

- Produces a lager current than a dry cell;

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- Can be recharged unlike a dry cell
- Have a higher voltage than a dry cell (First two)

(b) (i) Internal resistance is the opposition to the flow of current through a cell
(ii)

Connect the circuit as shown. For the position of the rheostat, read the ammeter

reading I, and voltmeter reading V,

Repeat this for various values of I and V by adjusting the rheostat;

Plot a graph of V agaist I,

Find the slope S of the graph

The slope S = R the value of the resistance of the resistor R, is obtained
(c) (i) From 𝐸 = 𝐼(𝑅 + 𝑟)

So 𝐸 = 0.5(2 + 𝑟) … … … … . (𝑖), And 𝐸 = 0.25(5 + 𝑟) … … … … . (𝑖𝑖),

Solving the above equations (𝑖) ÷ (𝑖𝑖)

0.5(2+𝑟)
Implies = 1,
0.25(5+𝑟)

Therefore 2(2 + 𝑟) = (5 + 𝑟)

Then 4 + 2𝑟 = 5 + 𝑟,

Giving 𝑟 = 1Ω

From (i) 𝐸 = 0.5(2 + 1) = 0.5𝑥3 = 1.5 𝑉;

(ii) internal resistance 𝑟 = 1Ω;;

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Solution

(a) When a body is in equilibruim, the sum of clockwise moment equals the sum of

anmticlockwise moment about the same point;

(b) From 𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 = 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠;

Therefore (2𝑥40) + (3𝑥30) = (2𝑥20) + 50𝑥𝑊);

15
 So 200 = 40 + 50𝑊
160
This gives 𝑊 = = 3.2 𝑁;
50

(c) (i) The force of 80 N ia applied by pulling the block along the inclined plane;

(through a distance of 4 m)
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡
(ii) 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑉𝑅 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
; = 41; = 4;
𝑀𝐴
(iii) 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦, 𝜂 = 𝑥100%;
𝑉𝑅
200

Therfore 𝜂 = 80
𝑥100%;= 62.5%;
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(d) Place a metre rule on a knife edge and adjust it until it balances , note the balance

point, Hang the banana of unknown mass 𝑚 at a known distance 𝑑1 , from the pivot

using a thread

Hang a 100 𝑔 mass also using a piece of thread on the other side of the metre rule ,

and adjust it until the metre rule balances, again. Measure the distance 𝑑2 , of its

position from the pivot.

For the body to balance, 𝑑1 𝑥𝑚 = 100𝑥 𝑑2 ;

𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒙 𝒅𝟐
The mass of the banana 𝑚 can be calculated from 𝒎 = 𝒅𝟏
;

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Solution

(a) (i) Electromagnetic waves are wavesconsisiting of vibrating/oscillating electric and

magnetic fields;

(ii)
Electromagnetic waves Sound waves
- Are transverse - Are longitudinal;
- Can pass through a vacuum
- Cannot pass through vacuum;
- Travel at a high speed
- Can be polarised - Travel at a slow speed;

- Produced by oscillating electric - Can not be polarised

and magnetic fileds - Produced by oscillating
particles
(First three)

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(b) (i) Let the number of cycles madee in 1 𝑠 = 𝑓, and time taken to make 1 cycle be T,

But in time T, the distance covered by the cycle is 𝜆,

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
From 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝜆 1
It implies that 𝑉 = 𝑇
, But 𝑇 = 𝑓
,

Therefore 𝑉 = 𝑓𝜆,
252
(ii) 𝜆 = 30𝑚𝑚, And 𝑊𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = ,= 168 𝑚𝑚𝑠 −1,
1.5

𝑉 168
From 𝑓 = 𝜆
, Therefore 𝑓 = 30
= 5.6 𝐻𝑧;

(c) (i) Pitch is the higness or lowness of sound;

Or Pitch is the sharpness or mildness of sound

(ii) - mass per unit length;

- Thickness of the string;

- Tension in the string

- Length of the string (first two)

(d) At the top of a high mountain, air density is low; where the air molecules are further

apart compared to the density at sea level.

This implies that the sound energy is not easily transferred or transmitted from one

molecule to another; thus sound gets fainter as the air density decreases;

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