Ancient Egyptian obelisks was

constructed and are also among the earliest

shadow clocks. The oldest known sundial is
from Egypt it dates back to around 1500
B.C. Sundials have their origin in shadow
clocks, which were the first devices used for
measuring the parts of a day.

Sundial and Obelisk

The Evolution of Clock 02

 An early prototype of the alarm clock was
invented by the Greeks. The Greeks built a
water clock, called a clepsydra, where the
rising waters would both keep time and
eventually hit a mechanical bird that triggered
an alarming whistle.

Clepsydra (Water Clock)

The Evolution of Clock 03

 The earliest mention of candle clocks comes
from a Chinese poem, written in 520 A.D.
According to the poem, the graduated candle,
with a measured rate of burn, was a means of
determining the time at night. Similar candles
were used in Japan until the early 10th
century.

Candle Clock

The Evolution of Clock 04

 The first hourglass, or sand clock, is said to have
been invented by a French monk called Liutprand
in the 8th century AD. However, concrete evidence
of this revolutionary new form of clock, which
measures time by the descent of sand from one
glass bulb to another, first appeared in European
ship inventories from the 14th century.

Hourglass

The Evolution of Clock 05

 The earliest medieval European clockmakers were
Christian monks. The first recorded clock was built
by the future Pope Sylvester II around the year 996.
Much more sophisticated clocks and church clock
towers were built by later monks. Peter Lightfoot, a
14th-century monk of Glastonbury, built one of the
oldest clocks still in existence and continues to be in
Monastery Clock and Clock use at London's Science Museum.
Tower

The Evolution of Clock 06

 In 1504, the first portable timepiece was
invented in Nuremberg, Germany by Peter
Henlein. It was not very accurate. The first
reported person to actually wear a watch on
the wrist was the French mathematician and
philosopher, Blaise Pascal (1623-1662). With a
piece of string, he attached his pocket watch to
his wrist. Wrist Watch

The Evolution of Clock 07

 In 1577, Jost Burgi invented the minute
hand. Burgi's invention was part of a clock
made for Tycho Brahe, an astronomer who
needed an accurate clock for stargazing.

Minute Hand

The Evolution of Clock 08

 The pendulum clock was invented by
Christian Huygens, making clocks more
accurate. Pendulum clocks remained the
world standard for accurate timekeeping for
over 270 years and were used as standards
through the 1940s until the invention of the
quartz clock in 1927. Pendulum Clock

The Evolution of Clock 09

 The first mechanical alarm clock was
invented by American Levi Hutchins of
Concord, New Hampshire, in 1787.
However, the ringing bell alarm on his
clock could ring only at 4 a.m.
Mechanical Alarm Clock

The Evolution of Clock 10

Sir Sandford Fleming invented standard
time in 1878. Standard time is the
synchronization of clocks within a
geographical area to a single time
standard. It developed out of a need to aid
weather forecasting and train travel. In
the 20th century, the geographical areas
Standard Time
were evenly spaced into time zones.

The Evolution of Clock 11

 The Westclox Clock Company has issued a patent
for the Big Ben alarm clock in London. The
outstanding feature on this clock is the bell back,
which completely envelops the inner case back and
is an integral part of the case. The bell back
Big Ben provides a loud alarm.

The Evolution of Clock 12

 The Warren Clock Company was formed
in 1912 and produced a new type of clock
run by batteries, prior to that, clocks were
either wound or run by weights.

Battery-Powered Clock

The Evolution of Clock 13

Swiss inventor John Harwood developed the first
self-winding watch in 1923. An English invention
patented in 1924, the self-winding wristwatch by
Louis Recordon, contains a swinging weight pivoted
at the centre of the movement, coupled to the barrel
arbor through reduction wheels and gears. A more
modern self-winding watch is fitted with a weight or
rotor swinging 360 degrees and winding in both
Self-Winding Watch
directions.

The Evolution of Clock 14

 Canadian-born Warren Marrison, a
telecommunications engineer, was searching for
reliable frequency standards at Bell Telephone
Laboratories. He developed the first quartz clock,
a highly accurate clock based on the regular
vibrations of a quartz crystal in an electrical circuit.
Quartz Clock

The Evolution of Clock 15

 The atomic clock was invented and announced by
Harold Lyons, the Microwave Standards Section
Chief at NBS, (National Bureau of Standards) and
his team in 1949. The atomic clock is the most
accurate method of keeping time available, using
an electronic transition frequency in the
electromagnetic spectrum of an atom.
Atomic Clock

The Evolution of Clock 16

 A digital clock is a type of clock that displays the
time digitally (i.e. in numerals or other symbols), as
opposed to an analogue clock.
• Smart Clock with the Google Assistant does more
than just tell you the time and wake you up.

Digital Clock

The Evolution of Clock 17

Hope you learned something from my presentation.