Loop & Function Samples
1. Use for loop to print numbers 10 8 6 4 2
for ($x=10; $x>=2; $x-=2){
echo $x . " ";
2. Prompt the user to enter the start and ending numbers and then prints the numbers from the start to the end.
$num1=readline("Enter the start number: ");
$num2=readline("Enter the ending number: ");
for ($i=$num1; $i <= $num2; $i++) {
echo $i;
}
3. Use for loop and array count() function to display the elements of the array $fruits.
$fruits = ['Apple','Banana','Cherry','Dates'];
for ($i=0; $i < count($fruits); $i++) {
echo $fruits[$i].' ';
}
4. Use while loop to print numbers 10 8 6 4 2.
$x = 10;
while ( $x >=2) {
echo "Number:" . $x . "\n";
$x-=2;
}
5. Trace the output.
$x = 3;
$y = 7;
while ($x <= 10) {
echo "Current x: $x | Current y: $y";
// Distracting expression inside the loop
$distractingExpression = $x * $y + 2;
echo " | Distracting expression: $distractingExpression\n";
$x += 2;
$y -= 1;
}
6. Trace the output.
$x = 5;
$y = 2;
while ($y < 8) {
echo "Current x: $x | Current y: $y";
// Distracting expression inside the loop
$distractingExpression = ($x * 3) + ($y / 2);
echo " | Distracting expression: $distractingExpression\n";
$x -= 1;
$y += 2;
}
7. Print all even numbers from 2 to 20 using a do while loop.
$a = 2;
do {
if ($a %2==0) {
echo $a . ' ';
}
$a++;
} while ($a <= 20);
8. Calculate and print the sum of squares of numbers from 1 to 5 using a do-while loop.
$x= 1;
$sum= 0;
do{
$x1= $x ** 2;
$x++;
$sum = $sum + $x1;
echo $x1. " ";
}while($x <= 5);
echo 'Sum of squares: ' . $sum;
9. Given an array of numbers, calculate and print the sum of all elements using a foreach loop.
$numbers = [10, 15, 23, 11, 23, 44];
$sum = 0;
foreach ($numbers as $x) {
$sum += $x;
}
echo "The sum is: ". $sum;
10. Given an array, square each element and print the modified array using a foreach loop.
$numbers = [1, 5, 23, 21, 32, 45];
$numberz = [];
foreach ($numbers as $a){
array_push($numberz,$a**2);
}
print_r($numberz);
11. Given an associative array of prices, calculate and print the total cost using a foreach loop.
$prices = array(
'Apple' => 1.25,
'Banana' => 0.75,
'Cherry' => 2.50,
'Orange' => 1.00,
'Grapes' => 3.00
);
$sum=0;
foreach($prices as $key => $value){
$sum = $sum + $value;
}
echo "Sum: ". $sum;
12. Given an array of numbers, create a new array containing only the odd numbers using a foreach loop.
$numbers = [5, 10, 15, 20, 25];
$array = [];
foreach ($numbers as $odd) {
if ($odd % 2 == 1) {
array_push($array,$odd);
}
}
print_r($array);
13. Create a function to calculate and print the length of a string.
function calculate($ediwow){
return strlen($ediwow);
}
14. Write a PHP program that defines a function extractSubstring($str, $start, $length) which takes a string $str, a starting position
$start, and a length $length. The function should return the substring starting from the specified position and having the
specified length.
Sample output:
Enter a string: The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
Enter the starting position: 4
Enter the length of the substring: 10
Substring: quick brown
function extractSubstring($str, $start, $length){
return substr($str, $start, $length);
}
$sentence = readline("Enter a string: ");
$s = readline("Enter the starting position: ");
$l = readline("Enter the length of the substring: ");
echo 'Substring: ' . extractSubstring($sentence, $s, $l);
15. Create a function that takes an amount and a tax rate as parameters and returns the total amount including tax. The tax should
be calculated as a percentage of the original amount.
Original Amount: 100
Tax Rate: 10
Total Amount with Tax: 110
function tax($amount, $tax_rate){
$percentage = $amount * ($tax_rate/100);
return $percentage + $amount;
}
