SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.

Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED

LEARNING MATERIALS

Welcome!

The unit of competency, "Demonstrate Product Knowledge on

Medicines ", is one of the competencies of PHARMACY SERVICES NC III, a
course which comprises the knowledge, skills and attitudes required for a
PHARMACY AID/ PHARMACY TECHNICIAN holder to possess.
The module, Demonstrating Product Knowledge on Medicines, covers
knowledge, skill and attitude on the pharmacy assistant’s knowledge on the
products on medicines and pharmaceutical products. The candidate must
be able to adequately share correct information at the level that is
understandable for the patients
In this module, you are required to go through a series of learning
activities in order to complete each learning outcome. In each learning
outcome are Information Sheets, Self-Checks and Job Sheets. Follow and
perform the activities on your own. If you have questions, do not hesitate to
ask for assistance from your facilitator.

Remember to:
 Read information sheets and complete the self-checks. Suggested
references are included to supplement the materials provided in this
module.
 Perform the Task Sheets and Job Sheets until you are confident that
your outputs conform to the Performance Criteria Checklist that
follows the sheets.

 Submit outputs of the Task Sheets and Job Sheets to your facilitator
for evaluation and recording in the Accomplishment Chart. Outputs
shall serve as your portfolio during the Institutional Competency
Evaluation. When you feel confident that you have had sufficient
practice, ask your trainer to evaluate you. The results of your
assessment will be recorded in your Progress Chart and
Accomplishment Chart.
You must pass the Institutional Competency Evaluation for this
competency before moving to another competency. A Certificate of
Achievement will be awarded to you after passing the evaluation.

You need to complete this module before you can perform the module on
Dispense Pharmaceutical products.

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 45
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

PHARMACY SERVICES NC III

COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

List of Competencies

NO. UNIT OF COMPETENCY MODULE TITLE CODE

1 Practice good Practicing good HHC532301

housekeeping housekeeping

Monitor Monitoring
2 supply/inventory of supply/inventory
HHC532302
pharmaceutical of pharmaceutical
products products
Handling and
Handle and control
3 controlling
pharmaceutical HHC532303
pharmaceutical
products
products
Arranging and
Arrange and display
4 displaying
pharmaceutical HHC532304
pharmaceutical
products
products
Performing good
5 Perform good laboratory
laboratory HHC532305
practices
practices
Adhere to good Adhering to good
6 manufacturing manufacturing HHC532306
practices practices
Demonstrating
Demonstrate product
7 product
knowledge on HHC532307
knowledge on
medicines
medicines
Dispense Dispensing
8 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical HHC532308
products products
Performing health
Perform health
9 promotion
promotion education, HHC532309
education,
vigilance
vigilance

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 46
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY: DEMONSTRATE PRODUCT
KNOWLEDGE ON MEDICINES
MODULE TITLE: DEMONSTRATING PRODUCTS KNOWLEDGE
ON MEDICINES
MODULE DESCRIPTOR: This covers knowledge, skill and attitude on the
pharmacy assistant’s knowledge on the products on medicines and
pharmaceutical products. The candidate must be able to adequately share
correct information at the level that is understandable for the patients

NOMINAL DURATION: 200 Hours

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this module the student must be able to:
1. Demonstrate adequate knowledge on OTC and selected prescription
medicines
2. Calculate quantity needed in the regimen of the whole prescription
3. Advise proper use of OTC medicine under the supervision of the
pharmacist

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
1. Generic names, brand names, stock keeping units (SKU), dose
regimen, and therapeutic classification, indication and effects are
identified in accordance with the inventory list.
2. Generic equivalent of OTC drugs are identified in accordance with the
generic menu card
3. Appropriate quantity of medicine is computed to verify the prescribed
regimen of the doctor.
4. Incorrect quantities based on calculations are referred to the
pharmacist.
5. Where necessary amount and dosage and name of drugs in
prescription are explained to customer
6. Information on indication and dosing, duration of treatment, common
side effect, precautions are provided under the supervision of the
pharmacist.
7. Information on proper storage of OTC and prescription medicines and
what to do with missed dose are provided under the supervision of the
pharmacist.

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 47
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

LEARNING OUTCOME #1
Demonstrate adequate knowledge on OTC and selected
prescription medicines

CONTENT:
1. Stock keeping unit
2. Classification of medicines
3. Classification of medicine: Therapeutic Classification
4. Over-The-Counter versus Prescription medicines
5. Generic, Brand and Innovator Medicines

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Generic names, brand names, stock keeping units (SKU), dose
regimen, and therapeutic classification, indication and effects are
identified in accordance with the inventory list.
2. Generic equivalent of OTC drugs are identified in accordance with the
generic menu card

CONDITION:
Trainee’s must be provided with the following
I. Simulated environment
II. Equipments
a. Laptop
b. LCD projector
III. Training Materials
a. Learning packages
b. CBLM

ASSESSMENT METHODS
1. Written Test
2. Observation with questioning
3. Demonstration with oral questioning

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 48
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

LEARNING EXPERIENCES
LEARNING OUTCOME #1 Demonstrate Adequate
Knowledge on OTC and Selected Prescription Medicines

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read Information Sheet Read and understand the

7.1-1 on the stock keeping information sheet and check
units (SKUs) and answer yourself by answering the self-
Self-Check 7.1-1 compare check. You must answer all
answer with Answer Key questions correctly before
7.1-1 proceeding to the next activity.
Perform operation sheet
7.1-1 and evaluate yourself
using the performance
criteria checklist 7.1-1

2. Read Information Sheet

7.1-2a on classification of
medicines and answer Self-
Check 7.1-2a compare
answer with Answer Key
7.1-2a

3. Read Information Sheet

7.1-2b on classification of
medicines: Therapeutic
classification and answer
Self-Check 7.1-2b compare
answer with Answer Key
7.1-2b

Perform Task Sheet 7.1-2b

and evaluate yourself using
the Performance Criteria
Checklist 7.1-2b

4. Read Information Sheet

7.1-3 on Over the counter
medicines Versus
Prescription Medicines and
answer Self-Check 7.1-3
compare answer with

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 49
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Answer Key 7.1-3

Perform Task Sheet 7.1-3

and evaluate yourself using
the Performance Criteria
Checklist 7.1-3

5. Read Information 7.1-4 on

Generic, Branded and
Innovator Medicines and
answer Self-Check 7.1-4
and compare answer with
Answer keys 7.1-4

Perform Task Sheet 7.1-4

and evaluate yourself using
the Performance Criteria
Checklist 7.1-4

6. Perform Job Sheet 7.1-4 Job Sheet will help you practice
your skills.
The Performance Criteria
Checklist will help you evaluate
as you are practicing your skill.
Evaluate your own skill using the
Performance criteria. When you
are ready, present your skill to
your trainer for final evaluation
and recording.

1. After doing all activities of

this Learning Outcome, you
are ready to proceed to the
next Learning Outcome on
Calculate quantity needed
in the regimen of the
whole prescription.

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 50
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

INFORMATION SHEET 7.1-1

STOCK KEEPING UNITS (SKUs)

Learning Objectives
After reading this Information Sheet, the learners will be able to:
1. Define stock keeping unit
2. Describe the significant uses of Stock Keeping Units
3. Describe the variables considered in creating SKU

Retailer uses coding system to keep track of their inventory and take
measures of how their sales are, these codes can make the difference of one
product to the others.
By definition. A stock keeping unit (SKU) is as alphanumerical code
assigned to a product by a retailer to identify the price, product options and
manufacturer of the merchandise. A SKU is use to track inventory and
valuable in searching and identifying stock on hand from lists invoices or
order forms.
SKUs are not universal, meaning a retailer can set its own set of
SKUs. Typically, SKU are broke down into classification and categories. A
unique series of number or codes can differentiate one product to other
products but at the same time can track unique information related to that
product.
These are some variable considered in creating SKU
1. Therapeutic Classification-set of medication and compound that
have similar chemical structure, same mechanism of action,
related mode of action and used to treat same disease.
Example-
Cardiovascular medicine- beta-blockers, Angiotensin II blocker.
Gastrointestinal drugs- antacids, anti-ulcerant

2. Therapeutic Indication- a description of the disease to be treated

with the medicine, and the population for which the medicine is
intended.
Example
NSAID- for pain, inflammation, for fever.
NASAL DECONGESTION- for running nose, colds.

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 51
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

3. Manufacturer- the entity that makes a goods, through a process

involving raw material or component to create finished product.
Example: UNILAB
GSK
Pfizer

4. Lot/batch number- a specific identified portion of a batch, having

same uniform characteristics and quality within specified limit

5. Expiration date- is a previously determined date after something

that no longer to be used.

6. Generic Name- name given from the INN (International

Nonproprietary Name) to a pharmaceutical compound. Usually
found in box in the label of the product
Example: Paracetamol is the generic name of Biogesic

7. Brand Name- medicines which have a name given to them by the

company for the purposes of advertising

8. Dosage form – the physical form of the drug

Example
Solid- tablet, capsule
Liquid- syrup

9. Dosage Strength- the strength is the amount of the drug in the

dosage form or a unit of the dosage form

10. Flavors
11. Packaging Size
Packaging size
12. Price

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 52
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Generic name

Brand name

Dosage Strength

Therapeutic Classification

Indication

Dosage Form

Why is it significant to use SKU?

1. Track Inventory
Know where to go

SKU can determine the availability of the product in a warehouse

or storage room. SKU number help you map and organize your store so
shopper and staff alike can easily find the needed product.
Without SKU numbers, you can lose track of where products are in
place and end up with confused staff, frustrated customers and worst
loss of sales.
2. Identify shrinkage

One crucial aspect for any business is tracking and

identifying inventory shrinkage, which is the number of items a business
cannot sell or are missing. Damaged or missing items can occur
anywhere along the supply chain, and in many cases are lost due to
theft. Diligent inventory categorization with SKUs enables transparency
of stock movements and helps pinpoint where and how stock goes
missing – minimizing the opportunity for theft.
3. Replenish inventory

Managing inventory with SKUs means you can keep better track of
your inventory levels, reorder only when you need to, and cut down on
inventory holding costs.
4. Identify variation

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 53
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

By tracking product variants with SKUs you can report not just on
the main product line, but right down to the individual variation of the
product, i.e. color, size, material. These reports can help determine which
product variants are your best sellers and which are underperforming.

HOW TO OPERATE SKUs

As mention earlier, SKU are alphanumerical code design by the
business owners to tracks the product and inventories.
Large companies use more sophisticated inventory management style,
combining SKUs and computer software where they use the Universal
Product Code (UPC) and bar code with scanner or code identifier. This is not
only expensive but also not all retailer has this kind of management style.

Generally, small-scale business owner preferred manual formatting of SKUs

for it is easier read and to remember. However, because it is manually
formatted, the actual inventory and physical count will be needed

Step by steps On How to Operate Excel with SKUs

1. Open your PC or laptop

2. On the Menu bar, look for Microsoft Office.

3. Click on Microsoft Excel from the Microsoft Office drop box. You can
also type in Microsoft Excel from the SEARCH MENU BAR

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 54
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Click the start window menu icon

or type in Microsoft Excel
on the Search Menu bar

Search menu bar

Start window menu icon

4. Open the Excel spread sheet on your PC. On the task bar, click on File,
click on OPEN.

From here we will start to manipulate and operate the Microsoft Excel were
the product list is found. In the excel spreadsheet, your employer or the
owner already categories and identified your unique SKUs per product.

Example: SKU manually type in Excel Spreadsheet as your DRUGLIST

5. To search
Ctrl + F the item needed, press
, A Find and Replace search box will
appear

6. Type in the drug product that you are looking for. The beauty of SKU
is you can track your products either of your unique code or/of just the
description of the products.

Example: Looking for difference brand name and dose strength of

AMLODEPINE

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 55
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

7. Now you can provide information about AMLOPIDINE.

8. Click the Close button to Exit.

9. On the menu bar click on the power icon, click shut down to turn off
the PC or Laptop.

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 56
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

SELF-CHECKLIST 7.1-1
STOCK KEEPING UNIT SKU

True or False
Write “ TRUE” if the statement is true and “FALSE” if the statement is false

____________1. Stock Keeping Unit system is universal and must be uniform.

____________2.SKU keep track of their inventory and take measures of how

their sales are.
____________3. SKU can help in locating the product or merchandize.

____________4. SKU maximize the opportunity of thievery.

____________5. SKUs enables transparency of stock movements and helps

pinpoint where and how stock goes missing.

II ENUMARATION.

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 57
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

1. List down at least 5 variables than can be use in SKU

III Essay
1. What is the significance of SKU in a drugstore and as a pharmacy
staff?

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 58
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

ANSWER KEYS 7.1-1

STOCK KEEPING UNIT (SKU)

TRUE OR FALSE
1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE

ENUMARATION
1. Therapeutic Classification
2. Lot/batch number
3. Expiration date
4. Manufacturer
5. Generic Name
6. Brand Name
7. Dosage form
8. Dosage Strength
9. Flavors
10. Net content
11. Packaging Sizes

ESSAY
SKU with its unique alphanumerical codes it can help in locating the
merchandize, identify inventory shrinkage, replenish inventory and track
product variations

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 59
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Operation Sheet 7.1-1

Title : Operate spreadsheet on Excel with SKUs

Performance Objective:
Given the qualification you are assigned to you, the trainee should
be able to operate Microsoft excel with the product list as the official
drug list of the pharmacy.

Supplies : Bond paper, Ball pen, assortment list

Equipment : PC/ laptop

Steps/Procedure:
1. Open the PC “on”
2. Open Microsoft Excel
3. Open the file name “RTR pricelist”. These are the assortment
drug list
4. Search on Amlodipine
5. Write on the bond paper the following information
 list of available brand under AMLODIPINE
 list of available dosage form
 list of available dosage strength
 price
6. Close the Microsoft Excel
7. Shutdown the PC
8. Evaluate your own output using the Performance Criteria
9. Present your work to your Trainer.

Assessment Method:
Observation, Performance Criteria Checklist

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 60
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 7.1-1

CRITERIA
Can I…? Yes No

Power “ON” the laptop or PC properly?

Open the Microsoft Excel from the Microsoft Office?
Open Microsoft Excel from the Search Menu Bar?
Operate the Microsoft Excel properly?
Locate the Assortment drug list with SKU from the
Microsoft Excel?
Identify the needed item from the assortment drug list?
Locate AMLODEPINE in the drug list?
Identify the drug product by their
 list of available brand under AMLODIPINE
 list of available dosage form
 list of available dosage strength
 price
Exit the spreadsheet properly
Properly shut down the PC or Laptop?

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 61
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

INFORMATION SHEET 7.1-2a

CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINES

Learning Objectives
After reading this Information Sheet, the learners will be able to:
1. Identify the classification of medicines
2. Familiarity on the dose regimen
3. Differentiate various classification of dosage form

Medicines (or Drug) is define as agent recognized in an official

pharmacopeia or formulary that intended for use in the diagnosis,
mitigation, treatment, cure or prevention of disease. Anatomic Therapeutic
Chemical (ATS) they are classified by
-their mode of action
It is where the active ingredient of the drug act on the organ or target.
- their indication
The use of medicine or what the drug is intended for.
-their chemical structure
Describes the chemical properties that gives therapeutic or healing
effect.

To standardized and to prevent misuse and abuse of these medicines,

the Food and Drug Authority (FDA) categorized the marketed drugs
according to the manner in which they may be legally obliged by the
patients

Legal classification of medicines on how it purchased by the customer

 Prescription-only medicines (POM),

 Pharmacy medicines (P),
 General sales list (GSL)

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 62
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Prescription only medicines

These are drugs that bear the symbol “Rx Only” or the
legend “Caution: Federal Law Prohibits Dispensing
without Prescription”. The medicines that a pharmacist
aid allowed to handle with direct supervision from the
pharmacist.
Example Antibiotics: Amoxicillin, Cefuroxime,
Azithromycin
Oral antifungal: Fluconazole, Ketoconazole

Pharmacy medicines (P),

These medicines can be found in the pharmacy but can be sold
without prescription. Often times, the medicines under this category are
misuse and abused by the customers.

As general rule over-the-counter drugs (OTC), are use to treat a

condition that does not need care from a healthcare professional if proven to
meet higher safety standards for self-medication. Often, a lower strength of a
drug will be approved for OTC use, but higher strengths require a
prescription to be obtained

Example: Ibuprofen, ranitidine, ketoprofen and loratadine

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 63
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

General Sales List (GSL)

These are medicines, which may be sold without a prescription in any

shop. Herbal preparations, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and
other food supplements are regulated by the FDA as dietary
supplements.

Stated as FOOD SUPPLEMENT

FDA Memorandum Circular 2015-003 changing the phrase “ no therapeutic

claim” to Filipino “ Ang Gamot na ito ay Hindi Gamot at Hindi Maaaring
Panggamot Sa Anumang Uri ng Sakit”

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 64
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 65
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Classification according to their Therapeutic use or indication

 Analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents – paracetamol/ibuprofen,

diclofenac
 Viral and antibacterial agents, antifungals or antibiotics –
amoxycillin, acyclovir
 Cough Medicines
Expectorant – guiafenesin
Mucolytic – acetylcysteine, carbocysteine
Antitussive – dextromethorphan
 Antihyperacidity- aluminumhydroxide/magnesiumhydroxide
 Anti-ulcer – ranitidine, omeprazole, pantoprazole
 Antihistamines – loratadine, chlorphenamine, cetirizine
 Antiflatulence – simethicone/dimethicone
 Cholesterol and lipid lowering agents – simvastatin, atorvastatin
 Asthma treating agents – salbutamol, montelukast,
theophylline,budesonide
 Hormonal preparations (contraceptives)–
levonorgestrel/ethinyloestradiol
 Anti-arrhythmic – digoxin
 Antihypertensive - enalapril, captopril
 Anti-angina – nitrates (isosorbidedinitrate)
 Antidiarrheal – oral rehydration solution, loperamide
 Wound disinfectant – povidone-iodine, alcohol
 Antifungal – salicylic acid, ketoconazole, clotrimazole
 Hematinics – Iron supplement, folic acid, Vitamin B12
 Laxatives – Senna, saline, sodium biphosphate, sodium phosphate,
magnesium sulfate
 Decongestants – Phenylpropanolamine, phenylephrine
 Liniments – Methyl salicylate, camphor, menthol
 Eye drops – tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride
 Diaper rash ointments – zinc oxide, menthol
 Anti-itch solution- calamine
 Tonsillitis – hexetidine, Benzoxonium chloride, Dichlorobenzyl alcohol,
amylmetacresol
 Topical antibacterial – mupirocin
 Food supplements – vitamins and minerals
 Herbal medicines – lagundi, sambong

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 66
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Classification according to Diseases

Minor Ailment Major Ailment Seasonal Ailment

 Ance (mild)  Cancer  Leptospirosis

 Allergy  Diabetes  Typhoid fever
 Anemia Mellitus  Measles
 Burn  Hypertension  Chicken fox
 Cold and flu  Asthma  tuberculosis
 Conjunctivitis
 Constipation
 Cough - Also known as
 Diarrhea Chronic Disease
 Diaper rash
 Fever  Pharmacist aid has limited role in Major
 Flatulence disease and Seasonal Disease, these
 Headache medicines can be dispense the PA but
with direct supervision of the
 Hyperacidity
Pharmacist
 Indigestion
 Lice
 Muscle pain
(mild)
 Pruritus (rash)
 Sore throat
 Wound
-also known as
Common Disease

Dosage Form is the physical description of the medicines

Classification according to Dosage Forms
Solid dosage Liquid Dosage Semi-Solid Dispersed
Form Form Dosage Form System
Powders and Syrups (sugar + Ointment Suspension :
Granules water) solid in liquid
(powder in
water)
Capsules Elixirs (sugar + Creams Emulsion :
alcohol) liquid and liquid
(water and oil)
Tablets Tincture Gels Aerosol:

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 67
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

solid/Liquid in
gas (inhalants)
Lozenges Liniment lotions
Pills
In addition, sign of degradation of the specific dosage form must be observed
and reported.

Dosage forms
Tablets Appearance (cracking, chipping, mottling) friability, color,
odor
Capsules Moisture tackiness, color, appearance, shape, brittleness
Oral solution Appearance, precipitation, color, re-dispersibility
and (suspension) and clarity (solution)
suspension
Metered-dose Delivered dose per actuation, color of meter doses, loss of
inhalation propellant, pressure, valve corrosion
aerosols
Topical Appearance, color, homogeneity, odor, re-suspendability
creams, (lotion) consistency
ointments,
lotions,
solutions and
gels
Ophthalmic Appearance, color, consistency, pH, clarity (solution) re-
and nasal and suspendability (suspension, ointment) ans sterility
oral inhalation
Small volume Appearance, color, particulate matter ( no precipitate),
parenterals dispersibility (suspension) and closure integrity
Large volume Appearance, color, clarity, particulate matter, pH,
parenterals volume, sterility and closure integrity
Suppositories Softening range, appearance, melting
Emulsions Appearance, color, odor, pH and viscosity

Route of Administration
Drugs is administered using a variety of dosage form and routes of
administration, one consideration in choosing dosage form design whether
the drug is intended for local or systemic effects. Local effect are achieved by
direct application of the drugs to the desired site such as eye, nose or skin.
Systemic effect result from the entrance of the drug into the circulatory
systems to the circular site of action. Example, the drug is place directly to
the plasma via intravenous injection.

Date Developed:
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Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Different Route of Administration and Delivery system of Dosage Forms

Route of administration Dosage forms

Oral Tablet, capsules, solution, syrups, elixir,
suspension, gels, powders
Subligual Tablet, lozenges oral drops (solutions)
Parenteral Solutions, suspensions
Epicutaneous, Ointment, gels, creams, infusion pumps,
transdermal pastes, plasters, powders, aerosols, lotions,
transdermal patches and discs
Ophthalmic, intraocular Contact lens insert, eye drops, eye solution
and suspension
Intranasal and intra- Inhalants, metered-dose aerosols
respiratory
Vaginal Vaginal tablet inserts, suppository; vaginal
gels, ointment and solutions, emulsion foams
Urethral Solutions and suppositories
Rectal Rectal suppositories and solutions

Dose regimen or dosage regimen is a systematic plan especially design to

improve and maintain the patient health.

Date Developed:
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Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

To understand clearly, it follows the rational use of medicines, which is the

7Rs.

7 Rights
 Patient- who will use the medicine
 Medicine- what kind medicine to be use
 Time- proper time, if the medicine to be taken hourly, every 4 hours
or once a day only
 Dose- correct dose strength considering the age, weight, kidney or
liver function.
 Route- appropriate route if it is infusion, ophthalmic, oral or rectal.
Route of administration is the channel or passage of your medication
to your body; it can be through injection or oral by mouth
 Information
 Documentation

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 70
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Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Patient
Medicine
Time
RIGHT Dose
Route
Information
Documentation

SELF-CHECKLIST 7.1-2a
CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINES

Identification. Write your answer before the number and identify what
is being describe in the question.
________________1. This is define as agent recognized in an official
pharmacopeia or formulary that intended for use in the diagnosis,
mitigation, treatment, cure or prevention of disease

________________2. These are drugs that bear the symbol “Rx Only” or the
legend “Caution: Federal Law Prohibits Dispensing without Prescription”.

________________3. It is a systematic plan especially design to improve

and maintain the patient health

________________4. Herbal preparations, amino acids, vitamins, minerals,

and other food supplements is called __________as regulated by the FDA

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 71
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Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Matching type. Match column A to Column B and Column C. Write the

letter corresponding your answer before the number.

Column A Column B Column C

1. Biogesic oral drop
2. Advil Softgel capsule A. Solid dosage form O- Oral
3. Seretide MDI B. Liquid dosage form E-ophthalmic
4. Pau de Arco C. Semi-solid dosage form I-Intravenous
5. Tempra suspension D. Dispersed system V-vaginal
6. Dulcolax suppository N-Nasal
7. Deponit Nitro-patch D- Transdermal
8. Lady pills R-Rectal
9. Aeknil (iv/im)
10. Lactated Ringer’s Solution

ANSWER KEY 7.1-2a

CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINE

IDENTIFICATION
1. Drug
2. Pharmacy-only-medicine
3. Dose regimen
4. Dietary Supplement

MATCHING TYPE
1. B-O
2. B-O
3. D-N
4. L-D
5. L-D
6. C-R

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 72
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Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

7. D-D
8. A-A
9. B-I
10. B-I

INFORMATION SHEET 7.1-2b

CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINE: THERAPUETIC
CLASSIFICATION

Learning Objectives
After reading this Information Sheet, the learners will be able to:
1. Define the Therapeutic classification of medicines
2. Differentiate local effect and systemic effect
3. Familiarity of therapeutic classification per group category
4. Familiarize on the top disease cause death

In the previous lesson, we already know that in therapeutic

classification medicines are group into class according to their chemical
structure, indication and mode of action. In this lesson, we will further
explain about therapeutic classification.

Therapeutic Classification is previously define, as a set of

medication and compound that have similar chemical structure, same

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 73
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Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

mechanism of action, related mode of action and used to treat same disease.
However, when the medicines enters the body it always circulate in the
system first before it proceeds to the target area. That is why new drug is
more chemically design to act on its specific mode of action on its specific
target area or organ.

Like said, the drug is chemically design to either act localize or

systemic in the body according to their properties and dosage formulations.
When we are having a backache and want to lessen pain, Filipinos normally
do is buy liniment or patches which we applied in sore area, the soothing
feeling is what we called Localize effect. But it does not mean that patches
and liniment only possesses local effect of medicine, inhalant like Seretide
MDI targets the lungs cavity which once inhaled, the drug effects
immediately. Another example are the antacids, this drug once taken, it act
immediately in the gastric juice and lessen the hyperacidity and production
of gastric acid. Therefore, Systemic effect as the word itself, are the drugs
that went to the circulation system first before its target area.

Drug list by Therapeutic Category

Cardiovascular Drugs
Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone Beta Blockers
System (RAAS) - Atenolol (Tenormin,
- Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril) Therabloc)
- Enalapril (Vasotec) - Metoprolol tartrate
- Ramipril (Altace) (Lopressor)
- Losartan (Cozaar) - Metoprolol succinate (Toprol
- Olmesartan (Benicar) XL)
- Valsartan (Diovan) - Nebivolol (Bystolic)
- Propranolol (Inderal)
- Carvedilol (Coreg)

Calcium Channel Blockers Diuretics

- Nifedipine XL (Procardia XL) - Hydrochlorothiazide
- Amlodipine (Norvasc) (Microzide)
- Amlodipine/benazepril (Lotrel) - Metolazone (Zaroxolyn)
- Diltiazem (Cardizem CD, more) - Furosemide (Lasix)

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 74
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

- Torsemide (Demadex)
- Bumetanide (Bumex)
- Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Statins Agents for Dyslipidemias
- Pravastatin (Pravachol) - Fenofibrate (Tricor)
- Simvastatin (Zocor) - Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
- Atorvastatin (Lipitor) - Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters
- Rosuvastatin (Crestor) (Lovaza)
- Niacin (Niaspan)
- Ezetimibe (Zetia)
- Colesevelam (Welchol)
Antiplatelets Traditional anticoagulants
- Aspirin - Warfarin (Coumadin)
- Clopidogrel (Plavix) - Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

Antianginals Novel Oral Anticoagulants

- Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) (NOACs)
- Isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur) - Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
- Ranolazine (Ranexa) - Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
- Apixaban (Eliquis)
Other Cardiovascular Agents Proton Pump Inhibitors
- 48. Amiodarone (Cordarone, - Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Pacerone) - Esomeprazole (Nexium)
- 49. Digoxin (Lanoxin) - Pantoprazole (Protonix)
- Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
- Dexlansoprazole (Dexilant)

Respiratory Drugs
Anti-asthmatic & COPD preparation
- Fluticasone (Flovent)
- Budesonide (Pulmicort)
- Salmeterol (Serevent)
- Formoterol (Foradil)
- Fluticasone/salmeterol (Advair)
- Budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort)
- Salbutamol (Ventolin, Proventil)
- Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
- Ipratropium (Atrovent)
- Tiotropium (Spiriva)
- Salbutamol/Ipratropium (Combivent, DuoNeb)

Nasal Corticosteroids
- Mometasone (Nasonex)
- Fluticasone (Flonase)

Cough and Cold

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 75
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

- Hydrocodone/chlorpheniramine (Tussionex Pennkinetic)

- Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles)
- Guaifenesin (Mucinex)
- Dextromethorphan (Robitussin, more

Other Respiratory Agents

- Montelukast (Singulair)

Allergies
- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- Loratadine (Claritin)
- Desloratadine (Clarinex)
- Fexofenadine (Allegra)
- Epinephrine (EpiPen)

Gastrointestinal Drugs
Proton Pump Inhibitors Diarrhea and Ulcerative Colitis
- Omeprazole (Prilosec) - Dicyclomine (Bentyl)
- Esomeprazole (Nexium) - Loperamide (Imodium)
- Pantoprazole (Protonix) - Diphenoxylate/atropine
- Lansoprazole (Prevacid) (Lomotil)
Dexlansoprazole (Dexilant) - Mesalamine (Asacol-HD,
Delzicol

Histamine (H2) Receptor Blockers Laxatives

- Famotidine (Pepcid) - Senna (Senokot)
- Ranitidine (Zantac) - Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
- Docusate (Colace
- Senna/docusate (Senokot-
Nausea S)
- Ondansetron (Zofran) - PEG 3350 (MiraLAX)
- Prochlorperazine (Compazine) - PEG 3350 with electrolytes
- Promethazine (Phenergan) (GoLYTELY)
- Metoclopramide (Reglan)

Neurologic Drugs
Headache Epilepsy
- Sumatriptan (Imitrex) - Phenytoin (Dilantin)
- Eletriptan (Relpax) - Valproic acid (Depakote,
- Rizatriptan (Maxalt) Depakene)
- Butalbital, acetaminophen, - Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
caffeine (Fioricet) - Carbamazepine (Tegretol,
- Butalbital, aspirin, caffeine Carbatrol)
(Fiorinal) - Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)
- Levetiracetam (Keppra)

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 76
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Opioid Analgesics Non-Steroidal Anti-

- Morphine (MS Contin [ER], more) inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
- Hydromorphone (Dilaudid [IR]) - Meloxicam (Mobic)
- - Naproxen (Naprosyn)
- Oxycodone (Oxycontin [ER]) - Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
- Oxycodone/APAP (Percocet, - Diclofenac (Voltaren)
Roxicet, more) - Celecoxib (Celebrex)
- Fentanyl (Duragesic, more) Muscle relaxants
- Hydrocodone/APAP (Vicodin, - Carisoprodol (Soma)
Norco, more) - Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
- Buprenorphine/naloxone Adjunct Medications for Pain
(Suboxone) - Gabapentin (Neurontin)
- Codeine/APAP (Tylenol #3, - Pregabalin (Lyrica)
Tylenol #4)
- Tramadol (Ultram)

Alzheimer's Disease
- Donepezil (Aricept)
- Memantine (Namenda XR)

Smoking Cessation
- Nicotine Patch (Nicoderm CQ)
- Varenicline (Chantix)

Rheumatologic Drugs
Osteoporosis Rheumatoid Arthritis Gout
- Risedronate - Infliximab - Allopurinol
(Actonel) (Remicade) (Zyloprim)
- Alendronate - Adalimumab - Colchicine
(Fosamax) (Humira) (Colcrys)
- Ibandronate - Etanercept
(Boniva) (Enbrel)
- Raloxifene - Methotrexate
(Evista) (Rheumatrex)

Endocrinology Drugs
Oral diabetic agents Contraceptives Corticosteroids
- Metformin - Norgestimate/ - Prednisone
(Glucophage) ethinyl estradiol (Deltasone,
- Sitagliptin (Sprintec, Ortho Prolix, Pred)
(Januvia) Tri-Cyclen, - Methylpredniso
- Glimepiride TriNessa) lone (Medrol)
(Amaryl) - Drospirenone/
- Glipizide ethinyl estradiol
(Glucotrol)

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 77
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

- Sitagliptin/ (Yaz, Yasmin)

metformin - Norethindrone
(Janumet) (Micronor, many
- Rosiglitazone more)
(Avandia) - Norelgestromin/
- Pioglitazone ethinyl estradiol
(Actos) (Ortho Evra)
Injectable diabetic - Etonogestrel/
agents ethinyl estradiol
- Insulin aspart (NuvaRing)
(NovoLOG)
- Insulin lispro Hormonal Therapy
(HumaLOG) - Conjugated
- Insulin NPH Estrogens
(HumuLIN N, (Premarin,
NovoLIN N) Enjuvia, Cenestin)
- Insulin glargine - Testosterone
(Lantus) (AndroGel)
- Insulin detemir - Levothyroxine
(Levemir) (Synthroid)
- Exenatide - Anastrozole
(Byetta) (Arimidex)
- Tamoxifen
(Nolvadex)

Urologic Drugs
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy – Alpha Blockers
- Terazosin (Hytrin)
- Doxazosin (Cardura)
- Alfuzosin (Uroxatral)
- Tamsulosin (Flomax)

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy – 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors

- Dutasteride (Avodart)
- Finasteride (Proscar, Propecia
Erectile Dysfunction
- Sildenafil (Viagra)
- Vardenafil (Levitra)

Infectious Disease Drugs

Antibiotics – β-Lactams
- Amoxicillin (Amoxil)
- Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin)
- Cephalexin (Keflex)
- Cefuroxime (Ceftin)

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 78
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

- Cefdinir (Omnicef)

Antibiotics – Fluoroquinolones
- Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
- Levofloxacin (Levaquin)
- Moxifloxacin (Avelox)

Antibiotics – Macrolides
- Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
- Azithromycin (Zithromax, Z-Pak)

Antibiotics – Other Agents I

- Clindamycin (Cleocin)
- Doxycycline (Vibramycin, more)
- Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid, Macroda
- Metronidazole (Flagyl)
- Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (B

Triazole Antifungals
- Fluconazole (Diflucan)
- Itraconazole (Sporanox)

Antivirals – Influenza and Herpes Sim

- Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
- Acyclovir (Zovirax)
- Valacyclovir (Valtrex)
When people think of
the deadliest diseases in the
world, their minds probably jump to the fast acting, incurable diseases.
However, many of these types of diseases do not rank in the top 10 causes
of worldwide deaths. An estimated 56.4 million people passed away
worldwide in 2015, and 68 percent of them were due to diseases that
progressed slowly. Perhaps even more surprising is that several of the
deadliest diseases are partially preventable. Non-preventable factors include
where a person lives, access to preventive care, and quality of healthcare.

Top 10 Disease that Cause Death World Wide

1. Schemic Heart Disease

The deadliest disease in the world is coronary artery disease (CAD). Also
called ischemic heart disease, CAD occurs when the blood vessels that
supply blood to the heart become narrowed. Untreated CAD can lead to
chest pain, heart failure, and arrhythmias.
Risk Factors : High Blood Pressure, High Cholesterol, Smoking, Family
history, diabetes and being overweight

2. Stroke

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 79
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

A stroke occurs when an artery in

your brain is blocked or leaks.
This causes the oxygen-deprived
brain cells to begin dying within
minutes. During a stroke, you feel
sudden numbness and confusion
or have trouble walking and
seeing. If left untreated, a stroke
can cause long-term disability.

Risk Factor: High blood pressure,

family history, smoking, smoking
combined with oral contrceptives,
African-american blood, ang being
female

3. Lower Respiratory
Infections

Viruses usually cause lower

respiratory infections and
some cause by bacteria.
Coughing is the main
symptom of a lower
respiratory infection. You may
also feel breathlessness,
wheezing, and a tight feeling
in your chest. Untreated lower
respiratory infections can lead
to breathing failure and death.

Risk factor: flu, frequent exposure to lung irritants, smoking, weak

immune, asthma, HIV

4. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) is
a long-term, progressive lung
disease that makes breathing
difficult. Chronic bronchitis
and emphysema are types of
COPD. There is no cure for
COPD, but its progression can
be slows with medication.

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 80
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Risk Factor: smoking, secondhand smoking, lung irritants, family history

5. Respiratory Cancers
Respiratory cancers include
cancers of the trachea, larynx,
bronchus, and lungs. The main
causes are smoking,
secondhand smoke, and
environmental toxins. But
household pollutions such as
fuels and mold also contribute.

6. Diabetes Related
Diabetes is a group of diseases
that affect insulin production
and use. In type 1 diabetes, the
pancreas cannot produce
insulin. The cause unknown. In
type 2 diabetes, the pancreas
does not produce enough
insulin. Type 2 diabetes can be
caused by a number of factors,
including poor diet, lack of
exercise, and being overweight.

7. Alzheimer’s disease is a
progressive disease that
destroys memory and
interrupts normal mental
functions. These include
thinking, reasoning, and
typical behavior. Alzheimer’s
disease is the most common
type of dementia — 60 to 80
percent of dementia cases
are in fact Alzheimer’s. The
disease starts off by causing
mild memory problems,
difficulty recalling
information, and slips in recollection. Over time, however, the disease
progresses and you may not have memory of large periods of time.

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 81
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Risk Factor: 65 year old or higher, family history, existing mild

cognitive impairment, down syndrome, unhealthy lifestyle, and being
female.
8. Diarrheal Diseases is
when you pass three or
more loose stools in a day.
If your diarrhea lasts more
than a few days, your body
loses too much water and
salt. This causes
dehydration, which can
lead to death. Diarrhea is
usually caused by an
intestinal virus or bacteria
transmitted through
contaminated water or
food. It’s particularly
widespread in developing nations with poor sanitary conditions.

Risk factor: living in an area with poor sanitary condition, no access to

clean water, malnourishments, weak immune system

9. Tuberculosis (TB) is a lung condition caused by bacteria

called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It’s a treatable airborne virus,
although some strains are resistant to conventional treatments. TB is
one of the top causes of death in people who have HIV
Risk factor: diabetes, HIV infection, lower body weight, proximity to
others with TB, regular use of medications like corticosteroids or
immunosuppressant drugs.

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 82
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

10. Cirrhosis is the result of chronic or long-term scarring and

damage to the liver. The damage may be the result of a kidney
disease, or it can be caused by conditions like hepatitis and chronic
alcoholism. A healthy liver filters harmful substances from your blood
and sends healthy blood into your body. As substances damage the
liver, scar tissue forms. As more scar tissue forms, the liver has to
work harder to function properly

Risk factors: chronic alcohol use, fat accumulation around the liver
Chronic viral hepatitis

SELF-CHECKLIST 7.1-2b

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 83
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINE: THERAPUETIC

CLASSIFICATION

TRUE OR FALSE
Direction: write T if the statement is true and F is the statement is
false.

____________________1. Untreated CAD is indirectly directly related to

Angina, heart failure and arrhythmia.

____________________2. Fuel and molds can contribute on the onset of

respiratory cancer.

____________________3. Type 1 Diabetes means that the pancreas of

the
patient is destroyed and cannot produce
insulin.

____________________4. Local effect is what we called when the

medicine
circulate in our bloodstream first before going
to
the target area.

____________________5. Dehydration can cause death.

ENUMERATION:
1. Give at least three (3) medicines used for peptic ulcer?

2. Give three (3) example of beta blocker with corresponding brand

name?

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 84
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

ANSWER KEY 7.1-2b

CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINE: THERAPUETIC
CLASSIFICATION

True or False

1. F
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. T

Enumeration
1. Used for peptic ulcer. The answer may include the following.

Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Esomeprazole (Nexium)
Pantoprazole (Protonix)
Lansoprazole (Prevacid) Dexlansoprazole (Dexilant
Famotidine (Pepcid)
Ranitidine (Zantac

2. The answer may include the following

Beta Blockers
Atenolol (Tenormin, Therabloc)
Metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor)
Metoprolol succinate (Toprol XL)
Nebivolol (Bystolic)
Propranolol (Inderal)
Carvedilol (Coreg)

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 85
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Task Sheet 7.1-2

Title : Categorize and assort the different drug product

Performance Objective:
Given the qualification that assigned to you, you should be
able to categorize and assort different drug product following the
suggested template.

Supplies : Bond paper, Ball pen, assortment list

Equipment : PC/ laptop

Steps/Procedure:
1. Secure a copy of an assortment list of medicine; this needed in
this activity.
2. Given the list of product, search on the assortment list the drug
information needed.
3. Using the template, write generic name, brand name, legal
classification, therapeutic classification or the indication, dosage
form, and dose unit.
4. Given the generic name, provide at least two brand name of the
drug known in the market.
5. Complete the chart and finalize your content. This will serve as
your own output.
6. Evaluate your own output using the Performance Criteria
7. Present your work to your Trainer.

Note: inability of acquire PC or Laptop for the soft copy of the

Assortment List, other reference guide can be use like MIMS and
Better Pharmacy

Assessment Method:
Portfolio Assessment, Performance Criteria Checklist

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 86
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

List of medicines
 Paracetamol Ibuprofen Amoxicillin
 Guifenesin Acetlycistiene Ranitidine
 Omeprazole Cetirizine Diphenhydramine
 Loratadine Salbutamol Montelukast
 Budesonide Simvastatin Pravastatin
 Atorvastatin Bisacodyl Senna
 Loperamide Iron supplement B-complex
 Vitamins Camphor Calamine solution
 Lagundi Sambong

Template
Generic Brand Legal Therapeutic Dosage Dose
name name Classification Indication form
1.
2.

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 87
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 7.1-2

Yes No
CRITERIA

Are tasks to be address by the Task sheet are identified?

Is the task are related to the performance objective?
Did you able to locate the needed tools and materials for
the task?
Are the drug product is identified by their SKU

- Generic name
- Brand name
- Legal Classification
- Therapeutic Classification or indication
- Dosage form
- Dose

Are the drug product categorized properly?

Are all the given medicines is in the right class category?
Are you able to give examples in each category?
Is the Generic name correspond to the brand name in
accordance with the assortment list?
Is the Generic name correspond to its indication according
in the assortment list?
Is the therapeutic indication correspond to its legal
classification?
Are the drug product identified in the legal classification
were mark as POM, PO and General sales List?
Is the dosage form related to the dose?

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 88
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

INFORMATION SHEET 7-1.3

OVER-THE-COUNTER VS. PRESCRIPTION MEDICINES

Learning Objectives
1. Define the meaning of OTC and Prescription Medicines
2. Differentiate OTC and Prescription medicines
3. Familiarize the top abused usage of OTC products

Over-the-Counter medicines (OTC) are medicines literally found “behind

the counter” of a drugstore, these are prescribe medicines can be purchased
without a prescription in a lower dosage. OTC is use in treating health
condition like minor ailment or more on self-care.
Example of OTC
Hydrocortisone ointment 2.5% is available by prescription only
Hydrocorticose Ointment 0.5% can be purchased Over-the-Counter

Prescription-strength hydrocortisone OTC-strength hydrocortisone

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 89
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

A prescription drug (also prescription

medication or prescription medicine) is
a pharmaceutical drug that legally requires
a medical prescription to be dispensed. "Rx"
(℞) is often used as a short form for
prescription drug in North America - a
contraction of the Latin word "recipe" (an
imperative form of "recipere") meaning
"take". Prescription drugs are often Notice the Rx label in the packaging,
dispensed together with a monograph or this describe that the product is
pamphlet (a Patient Information Leaflet) prescription medicine
that gives detailed information about the
drug.

Prescription Medicine OTC Medicine

A doctor’s prescription is required; other

licensed healthcare providers, such as nurse
Does NOT require a prescription to
practitioners or physician assistants, can also
purchase
write a prescription for medicine (under the
authority of a doctor)

Available for purchase on store shelves

Can only be dispensed from a pharmacy
in a pharmacy and in stores such as
(community, online, or mail order) by a
supermarkets or small convenience
licensed pharmacist
stores

OTC medicines can be used by more

than one person; however, because of the
Prescribed for and intended for use by one
risk of contamination, some OTC
person only
medicines are NOT recommended for
sharing (e.g., eye drops, ointments)

Requires a medical diagnosis and decision by

Relies on self-diagnosis; product is
a licensed healthcare professional as to
chosen based on self-care decision
which medicine is used

Usually more powerful than OTC OTC medicines have a wider margin of
medications safety than prescription medicines

Can be used to treat both minor ailments and

Used to treat minor ailments
more serious diseases and illness

Can be harmful if misused Also can be harmful if misused

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 90
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

OTC Abuse Drug

Easy, legal access to inexpensive over-the- counter
(OTC) medicines has contributed to widespread
abuse. And because a doctor's prescription is not
needed, many mistakenly believe that OTC
medicines are safer than prescription medicines
and illegal street drugs. But even OTC medicines—including herbals—can
cause serious and potentially fatal side effects when abused.
Abuse of OTC medicines is most common among teens between the ages
of 13 and 16. They know they can find a cheap "high" right in their family's
or friend's medicine cabinet. Young adults have also abused OTC medicines,
particularly in combination with other medicines, alcohol, and illegal drugs,
which increases the risks of serious side effects. The list that follows
includes the top 10 OTC medicines and herbals that are currently abused by
teens and young adults.

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 91
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Top OTC abuse by teen and young adults

Dextromethorphan
This is an active ingredient in more than 100 OTC cough and cold medicines
such as Robitussin and NyQuil. One in every 10 teens has reported abuse of
cough medicine to get high. Large doses can cause euphoria, distortions of
color and sound, and out-of-body hallucinations that last up to 6 hours.
Some other dangerous side effects include impaired judgment, vomiting, loss
of muscle movement, seizures, blurred vision, drowsiness, shallow
breathing, and a fast heart rate.

Because of the bad report about the Caffeine

addictive side effect, a reformulation
of Robitussin was done.

medicines
OTC caffeine pills such as NoDoz or pain relievers with caffeine have been
abused for the buzz or jolt of energy they seem to provide. If these pills are
taken with high caffeine energy drinks, the effects are felt even quicker.
Large doses of caffeine can cause serious dehydration, gastric reflux disease,
panic attacks, and heart irregularities that have occasionally been linked to
accidental deaths, particularly in those with an
underlying heart condition.

Diet pills
Misuse of diet pills can also signal a serious eating
disorder. Abuse of diet pills often starts with trying just a
few in order to lose weight. But these OTC medicines can
be highly addictive. Furthermore, even the most "natural"
diet preparations can have serious side effects when
misused, particularly those containing ma huang (ephedra). The FDA ban
on ephedra pertained only to diet pills considered dietary supplements, not
herbal remedies such as teas and Chinese preparations.

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 92
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Laxatives and herbal diuretics

Like diet pills, some teens and young adults
also abuse OTC laxatives (e.g., Dulcolax,
Senokot) and herbal diuretics (water pills),
including uva ursi, goldenseal, dandelion
root, rose hips, and others, to lose weight. Laxatives and herbal diuretics
can cause serious dehydration and life-threatening loss of important
minerals and salts that regulate the amount of water in the body, acidity of
the blood, and muscle function.

Motion sickness pills

Motion sickness pills that contain
dimenhydrinate (Dramamine Original Formula) or
diphenhydramine (Benadryl) taken in large doses
can cause one to feel high and have
hallucinations similar to street drugs . The dose
needed to cause these symptoms varies widely
according to body weight and tolerance. Some
teens and adults may take as many as 40 tablets
of Dramamine, for example, to experience the
desired high. Extremely high doses of Dramamine
have caused dangerous irregular heartbeats,
coma, heart attacks, and death. Long-term abuse can cause depression,
liver and kidney damage, memory loss, eye pain, itchy skin, urine retention,
and abdominal pain.

Sexual performance medicines

OTC sexual performance medicines (e.g., Kaboom Action Strips, EreXite),
often purchased via the Internet or at gas stations and truck stops, are
sometimes abused by teens and adults to counteract the negative effects of
alcohol on sexual performance. These medicines can cause heart problems,
especially when combined with alcohol or when taken in large doses.

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 93
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Pseudoephedrine
This nasal decongestant and stimulant is found in many cold medicines. Its
similarity to amphetamines has made it sought out to make the illegal drug
methamphetamine. The medicine has also been taken as a stimulant to
cause an excitable, hyperactive feeling. However, people have taken
pseudoephedrine to lose weight, and athletes have misused the medicine to
increase their state of awareness and to get them "pumped up" before a
competition. Dangerous side effects include heart palpitations, irregular
heartbeats, and heart attacks. When combined with other drugs, such as
narcotics, pseudoephedrine may trigger episodes of paranoid psychosis.

Pain relievers
Adults and teens have taken pain relievers like acetaminophen (Tylenol) and
ibuprofen (Motrin) in doses higher than recommended not to get high but
because they mistakenly believe the medicine will work faster. They don't
think of the side effects, liver failure can happen with large doses of
acetaminophen, and that stomach bleeding, kidney failure, and cardiac
risks are heightened when taking large doses of ibuprofen.

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 94
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

SELF-CHECKLIST 7.1-3
OVER-THE-COUNTER VS. PRESCRIPTION MEDICINES

Identification. Identify is the given disease needs for OTC or Prescription

medicine. Write Non-Rx if it is OTC and Rx if it is prescription medicine.

________________________1. Mild
headache
________________________2. Nausea and
Vomiting (Mild)
________________________3. Chronic
kidney failure
________________________4. Heartburn
________________________5. Diabetes
mellitus
________________________6. AIDS/HIV
________________________7. Chicken Fox
________________________8. Measles
________________________9. Hypertension
_______________________10. Heart Failure

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 95
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Essay. Compare and contrast OTC and prescription medicines.

ANSWE KEYS 7.1-3

OVER-THE-COUNTER VS. PRESCRIPTION MEDICINES

1. Non-Rx
2. Non-Rx
3. Rx
4. Non-Rx
5. Rx
6. Rx
7. Rx
8. Rx
9. Rx
10 Non-rx

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 96
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Essay
Over the counter (OTC) and prescription medicine (Rx) are medicine both
intended to treat disease, both are harmful if misused. The differences are
Rx can be bought with prescription, used to treat major and seasonal
diseases and required a medical diagnosis and decision by a license health
care professional while OTC is used to minor ailment, based on self-
diagnosis or self-care decision an can be bought without prescription.

Task Sheet 7.1-3

Title : Knowledge and Practices on Selecting OTC and
Prescription
Performance Objective:
Given the qualification you are assigned to you, should be able to
demonstrate knowledge and practices in selecting OTC and Prescription
medicine.

Supplies : Sample Prescription, sample medicine

Steps/Procedure:
1. Pick a partner. One will be the customer, and the other one will be the
pharmacy aide.
2. Read and memorize the Script.
3. Practice and prepare for demonstration.

Assessment Method:
Portfolio Assessment, Performance Criteria Checklist

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 97
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Script
Pharmacy aide: good morning ma’am! How can I help you?
Client: Hi. I am feeling feverish due to my toothache and my gums is
inflamed too, what can you recommend for the pain?
Pharmacy aide: we have Ibuprofen and mefenamic acid maam. Both are for
your inflamed gums and it has anti-pyretic effect for your fever, ma’am.
Client: I’m allergic to Mefenamic, I’ll have the ibuprofen instead.
Pharmacy aide: Do you have any preferred brand name?
Client: Advil please
Pharmacy aide: oh sorry ma’am, but its unavailable for the moment, we
have other brand if you like
Client: ohh, do you have the brand name Medicol, if you have 400mg? Can I
have that?
Pharmacy aide: ok ma’am, wait for a while.
Client: ah ma’am, add some amoxicillin 500mg capsule, 5 pieces.
Pharmacist aide: do you have a prescription with you ma’am?
Client: none. I don’t have a prescription

Pharmacy aide: I need a prescription for the amoxicillin maam, because it

is an antibiotic.
Cleint: Oh ok, so medicol then just add ascorbic acid 20 pieces and do you
have seretide? This dose (show the prescription)
Pharmacy aide: for ascorbic acid maam, we have fern-c, capsulated po 6.50
each, we also have ceelin chewable tablet 11 pesos each. Which do you
prefer?
Client: I’ll have the fern-c.
Pharmacy aide: for seretide maam we only have the 250 diskus, but we
have other brand po, Adeflo MDI
Client: it is different if I have the available seretide?
Pharmacy aide: yes maam, the dosage if different. Your prescribe medicine
needs 125mcg/25mcg po, 968 pesos po per box.
Client: okey I try that, it is same when seretide?
Pharmacy aide: yes ma’am, they have same generic name po.

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 98
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Client: ok, I’ll have that, so how much it all?

Pharmacy aide: (calculate the total price) ma’am total cost of your medicine
is 1496.75 all. (Receive the payment and proceed on preparing the
medicine.)
Pharmacy Aide: Thank you for waiting. Here is your medicine ma’am 20
pieces of fern-c and 10 pieces of Medicol advance 400mg and 1 Adeflo MDI.
Your vitamin C is taken once a day, either by day or before your sleep. While
your ibuprofen should be taken after meal every 6 hours. For the Adeflo just
follow the instruction of the prescription. Thank you and come again po!

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 7-1.3

CRITERIA YES NO
DID I….?

1. Acknowledge the patient/ client?

2. Ask the patient/ client the purpose of his visit?
3. Identify the concern of the patient?
4. Follow the dispensing flow chart?
5. Present drug list with Generic equivalency?
6. Make the patient/ client choose his preference?
7. Provide alternative solution in case of unavailability
of the medicine?

Date Developed:
OCTOBER 2018 Page | 99
PHARMACY
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

8. Present OTC option to the patient/Client?

9. Able to present product knowledge on prescription
medicine?
10. Provide the corresponding price of each
medicines?
11. Give necessary instruction on how to take the
medicine?

INFORMATION SHEET 7-1.4

DIFFERENTIATE GENERIC, BRAND AND INNOVATOR MEDICINE
Learning Objectives
1. Define the meaning of Innovator, Generic and Branded medicine
2. Compare the similarities of generic and brand medicines.
3. Differentiate Generic and Brand medicine
4. Familiarize on the dispensing generic flow chart.

It is a misconception of branded drug and generic medicines in terms of

efficacy and safety. The misconception ranges from manufacturing
standards are weaker on efficacy and that generic drugs don’t work. But the
truth is, generic and branded medicines are just the same.

Brand Name Drugs

 Also called “innovator drugs”

Date Developed: Page |

OCTOBER 2018
PHARMACY 100
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

 Initially marketed as new chemical entities

 Considered as parent drug

Generic Drugs
 Copies of brand name drugs
 Produced after the original patent expires

Most of the Innovator drugs are patented. Meaning, the drug maker has the
only right to sell the innovator medicines in the market. Patency last upto
17 to 20 years. Due to the research, cost and advertisements promotions
branded innovator medicines are expensive.
Example of patented drug

Lipitor from Pfizer. Last november 30, 2011, the 20 years patency of atorvastatin (lipitor) expires,
having the other manufacturing company right to produce generic equivalent of Atorvastatin under
their name.

Date Developed: Page |

OCTOBER 2018
PHARMACY 101
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Date Developed: Page |

OCTOBER 2018
PHARMACY 102
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Similarities
 Same in active
ingredient
 Same in route of
administration
 Same in efficacy
 Bioequivalent drug
formulations have the
same bioavailability;
that is, the same rate
and extent of
absorption. Thus, the
therapeutic effect is
the same.

Date Developed: Page |

OCTOBER 2018
PHARMACY 103
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

How are generic and brand name drugs different ?

Although the active ingredients are the same, the excipients (inactive
ingredients) may differ. This is only important in rare cases when a patient
has an allergy or sensitivity to one of the excipients.

Inactive ingredients- these are component of a drug product that do

not increase or affect the therapeutic effect of the active ingredient,
examples are dyes, flavoring agent, binders or preservatives.

The product may also be slightly different in color, shape, or markings.

The biggest difference is cost. Generic drugs are generally less expensive
than brand name comparators.

It was said that when the patency of the innovator drug, other
company can copy the formulation thus creating the generic version. Due to
the advertising purposes and creating appeal to the consumers,
manufacturers sometimes attaches their company name to the generic
version of the drug product or named it that can be easily remember by the
public, hence the creation of branded generic drug and the parent drugs the
Innovator medicine.

Date Developed: Page |

OCTOBER 2018
PHARMACY 104
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Lipitor (Atorvastatin) an
innovator drug from Pfizer, drug
that the primary use is for
hypertensive patient by lowering
blood cholesterols. In 2013, the 20
years patency of Lipitor, many
manufacturing company sell
atorvastatin under their name.

Avamax and Atorvast are both generics of Lipitor

Kirkland company name produce is the generic
version of Diphenhydramine from its innovator drug
Benadryl

RiteMed is the sub-company under Unilab

that produces generic version of Ponstan,
Mefenamic Acid after its patency expired
from Pfizer.

Other Example of Branded-Generic Drugs and Generic Name

Innovator Drug & Branded-Generic version Generic Name
Manufacturer
Lipitor (Pfizer) Atorwin (Sanofi-aventis) Rhea Atorvastatin,
-Atorvastatin Avamax (Therapharma) PHAREX
Atorvastatin,
RiteMed
Atorvastatin
Plavix (Sanofi- Plogrel (Therapharma), Wintrop
Aventis) Platexan ( apotex) Norplat Clopidogrel,
- Clopidogrel (Getz Pharma) Pharex Clopidogrel
Celebrex Celcoxx (Getz), Coxid PHAREX Celecoxib

Date Developed: Page |

OCTOBER 2018
PHARMACY 105
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

(AstraZeneca) (unilab) Rovista ( Getab) RHEA Celecoxib

-Celecoxib
Dispensing Generic Flow Chart
- A guide map on how to handle customer and dispense a medicines.

Generic dispensing flow

chart

Prescription Drug (Rx) Over the counter (OTC)

Prescription is required
Prescription is not required

Evaluate the Prescription

Prescription is correct

Prescription is incorrect

Inform the client of all the

Fill the Fill the available products that have
Erroneous prescription the same generic name and
prescription and
Violative and keep the keep for filing dosage form, and their
Rx corresponding prices
Impossible

Do not
dispense

Dispense the product chosen

by the client

Date Developed: Page |

OCTOBER 2018
PHARMACY 106
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

SELF CHECK 7.1-4

DIFFERENTIATE GENERIC, BRAND AND INNOVATOR
MEDICINE

Direction
Answer the following question
1. Enumerate the similarities of generic and Branded medicines
2. what are the difference of generic and branded medicines

Illustration
Draw the generic dispensing flow chart of prescription medicine (Rx)

Date Developed: Page |

OCTOBER 2018
PHARMACY 107
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

ANSWER KEYS 7.1-4

DIFFERENTIATE GENERIC, BRAND AND INNOVATOR
MEDICINE

1. They have similar active ingredient, same efficacy, same route of

administration, Bioequivalent.
2. Generic and branded medicine differ in color, shape and markings.
They also differ in their inactive ingredient and generic medicines are
much cheaper than branded medicine.

Illustration

Prescription Drug (Rx)

Prescription is required

Evaluate the Prescription

Prescription is correct

Prescription is incorrect

Fill the
Fill the prescription and
Erroneous prescription keep for filing
Violative and keep the
Rx
Impossible

Do not
dispense

Date Developed: Page |

OCTOBER 2018
PHARMACY 108
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Job Sheet 7.1-4

Title: Demonstrate adequate knowledge on OTC and selected prescription

medicines

Performance Objective:
Given one Learning Outcome of the competency “Demonstrate adequate
knowledge on OTC and selected prescription medicine”, you should be
able to follow the routine and procedures in selecting the appropriate OTC
and prescription medicines

Materials: Assortment list, sample medicine, sample prescription

Routine

OTC (non-Rx)
1. Patient /customer ask for drug
2. Present the list with generic equivalents as the asked drug with their
corresponding prices to the patient
3. Allow the patient to choose based on his preferences
4. Dispense the chosen drug with the same generic as the original
prescribed drug

Prescription Drug (Rx)

1. Patient/ customer present the prescription
2. Check the prescription
3. Present the list of drug with the same generic name, dose, and
dosage form and delivery mode as prescribe.
4. Allow the patient to choose base on prescribe brand or on his
preference, if fully filled the prescription or not.

Preferred Branded Name, fill the prescription, ask the pharmacist for
counter checking and for necessary instruction
Generic name, fill the prescription, ask the pharmacist for counter
checking and for necessary instruction.

5. IF FULLY FILLED, keep the prescription for filing. IF PARTIALLY

FILLED, record the date, quantity serve and balance on the
prescription. Return the prescription to the patient.

Date Developed: Page |

OCTOBER 2018
PHARMACY 109
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

Procedure:
1. Pick a partner; one will act as the client and the other will the
pharmacy aid.

2. Greet the patient and ask for the purpose on his visit

3. Demonstrate product knowledge on OTC and prescription medicine

 Operate Excel for SKUs
 Classify it according to disease (minor, major or seasonal)
 Follow the dispensing flow chart
 Provide suggestion for alternative solution
 Presenting of drug list with generic equivalent

Generic equivalent
 same generic name
 same dosage form
 same dose strength
 same delivery mode or route od administration

4. Give necessary instruction on how to take the medicine

Assessment Method:
Observation with oral questioning, Performance Criteria Checklist

Date Developed: Page |

OCTOBER 2018
PHARMACY 110
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 7.1-4

CRITERIA YES NO

1 Is the patient / costumer is acknowledged?

2 Is the patient/ Customer asked the purpose of

his visit?
3 Are the concerns of the costumer were identified?

4 Are the prescription medicine is identified?

5 Are you able to open the PC properly?

6 Are you able to locate Microsoft Excel in the

Microsoft Office?

7 Are you able to locate Microsoft Excel using the

Search Menu bar?

8 Is the manually inputted SKU in Excel operate

properly?
9 Are the SKU are identified?

10 Are you able to locate and operate the Excel with

the Drug list?

11 Are the medicine identified with the help of SKU

in the PC?

12 Are you able to manipulate the drug list in the

Excel with precision?

13 Are the drug list with Generic equivalent are

presented?

14 Did you able to categorize the medicine by their

indication thru the Assortment list or Drug list?

Date Developed: Page |

OCTOBER 2018
PHARMACY 111
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL
 SAINT CLARE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF BURAUEN INC.
Bgry. Maghubas, Burauen. Leyte

15 Are the dispensing flow chart are followed?

16 Is the dispensing flowchart of OTC is followed by

 Identifying the gravity of the ailment?
 Identifying the safety precaution of the
medicine by reading the precaution label

17 Is the dispensing flowchart the prescription

medicine is followed by
 Identifying the gravity of the ailment
 presenting prescription?

18 Are the alternative solution was suggested?

19 Are the SKU in Generic equivalency has the same

with the brand name?

20 Are the SKU in Generic equivalency has the same

dosage form and strength?

21 Are the Generic equivalent of the chosen brand

name has the same in
 generic name
 dosage form
 dosage strength
 route of administration

22 Are the drug presented to the customer / client

was provided with corresponding prices?

23 Does the customer decided to choose of what

medicine to buy from the presented products?

24 Are you able to convey the question to your

pharmacist for the home care medication?

25 Are necessary instruction on how to take the

medicine and home care are given?

Date Developed: Page |

OCTOBER 2018
PHARMACY 112
Developed By:
SERVICE NC III KRISTINE MAE SOCORRO M.
ADEL