HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

1st Semester
A.Y. 2020-2021

Course Title: Macro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality

Course Code: MACPTH
Course Description: This course is designed to give a clear and whole overview of Tourism and
Hospitality as an ecosystem and goes beyond the usual closed-concept of tourism. It introduces the
concept and terms that are common throughout the different sectors. It also intends to develop,
update and maintain local knowledge as well as tourism industry knowledge. It shows the structure
and scope of tourism as well as the impact of tourism as an industry in relation to the world
economy and society.
It also illustrates the effects of the convergence of tourism with the other local industries
and let the students appreciate its multiplier effect in various fronts. It discusses the major factors
that influence the history and future of tourism in the world and in the Philippines. It also introduces
the sustainable goals of tourism and discusses, among others how to develop and perform risk
mitigation activities. The students will also learn to appreciate the key global organization and the
roles they play in influencing and monitoring tourism trends.

Coverage: Prelim / Week 1

Topic/s:
 The Meaning and Importance of Tourism
 Definition of tourism and Meaning of tourist
 Elements of travel and The nature of a tour
 Tourist services and Characteristics of tourism
 Importance of tourism and hospitality

Learning Objectives:
 Define Tourism and Tourist
 Understand the various elements of travel used as criteria for defining travelers
and/or tourists and explain the nature of a tour
 Understand the different tourist services
 Describe the characteristics of a tourist product and a tourist destination
 Appreciate the importance of tourism and hospitality

To do list/Activities:
1. Readings
 Definition of tourism and Meaning of tourist
 Elements of travel and The nature of a tour
 Tourist services and Characteristics of tourism
 Importance of tourism and hospitality
2. Answer the essay questions each topic. Please see attached document on how to write your
answer.
3. Take quiz 1, and quiz 2. Please see attached document on how to write your answer.
4. Self-paced Activity. Please see attached document on how to write your answer.

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Topic 1: Definition of tourism and Meaning of Tourist
Lecture Discussion

Introduction:

Tourism and hospitality has been one of the largest and fastest-growing industries in the
world. It contributes greatly to global economic development, particularly in countries that are
leading in tourism and hospitality revenues. Governments of many nations are encouraging the
growth of tourism and hospitality as a means of creation, economic diversification, and sources
of foreign exchange.
Beyond its economic significance, tourism and hospitality promotes mutual
understanding among people of different cultures. Tourism and hospitality is fast becoming the
world’s first peace industry-an industry which recognizes, promotes, and supports the belief
that every traveler and every host can be an “ambassador for peace” promoting understanding,
goodwill, and respect among the peoples of the world.

Definition of tourism

The task of defining tourism is not as easy as it may appear. Since tourism is a
multidimensional phenomenon, it is difficult to describe. Attempts have been made in the past
to formulate as standard definition of tourism and tourist among countries throughout the
world.

One of the first attempts to define tourism was that of Professors Huziker and krapf of
Berne University, Switzerland. They defined tourism as the “sum of the phenomena and
relationships arising from the travel and stay of nonresidents, insofar as they do not lead to
permanent residence and are not connected to any earning activity”.
The definition of the Tourism Society in Britain was:”Tourism is the temporary short-
term movement of people to destination outside the places where they normally live and work
and their activities during their stay at these destination”
The definition was reformulated by the Tourism Society in Cardiff:”Tourism may be
defined in terms of particular activites selected by choice and undertaken outside the home
environment”.

Burkart and Medik (1997) cited five main characteristics of tourism:

 Because of its complexity, tourism is a combination of phenomena and relationships;

 It has two essential elements: the dynamic or the journey and the static element or the
stay;
 The journey and stay are to-and-fro destination outside the place of residence and
work;
 The movement to destination is temporary and short-term, with the intention to return
within a few days, weeks, or months; and
 Destinations are visited for purposes not connected with paid work, that is not to be
employed and not for business or vocational reasons.

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Meaning of Tourist

In 1937, the League of Nations defined “Tourist” is a person who visits a country other
than that in which he or she usually resides for a period of at least 24 hours” this was held to
include persons traveling for pleasure, domestic reasons or health, person traveling to meetings
or on business, and persons visiting a country on a cruise vessel even if for less than 24 hours.

 Tourist- temporary visitor staying at least 24 hours. Whose purpose could be classified
as:
 Leisure, such as recreation, holiday, health, study, religion or sport
 Business
 Family
 Mission and
 Meeting
 Excursionists- Temporary visitors staying less than 24 hours In the destination visited
and not making an overnight stay, including cruise travelers, but excluding travelers in
transit.

Discussion Questions:
Instruction: Answer question below in at least minimum of 5 sentences and maximum of 40
sentences. Please see attached document on how to write your answer.
1. Define tourism.
2. How do tourists differ from excursionists?

Topic 2: Elements of travel and the nature of Tour

Lecture Discussion

Elements of Travel
Four basic elements have been used as criteria for defining travelers and/or tourists.
These are: distance, length of stay at the destination, residence of the traveler, and purpose of
travel.

A. Distance
What must be considered under distance is the difference between local travel or
traveling within a person’s home community and nonlocal travel or traveling away from
home. It excludes commuting to and from work and change in residence.
A measure that has been used to distinguish travel away from home is the
distance traveled on a trip. A trip is defined as “each time a person goes to a place at
least 100 miles away from home and returns”. Travelers, on this basis, are individuals
who travel at least 100 miles in one direction from home. This definition may be applied
in measuring travel by the residents of a country.

B. Length of Stay at the Destination

The second basic element of travel used as criteria for defining travelers is the
length of stay at a destination.

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 The definition of tourists and excursionists as proposed by the WTO (world
tourism organization) is largely based on length of stay. Tourists are temporary
visitors who make at least one overnight stay, while excursionists are temporary
visitors who do not stay overnight in the country that they visit.

C. Residence of the traveler

The residence or origin of the traveler is the third basic element of travel. For
business and research purposes, it is important to know where the people live.

D. Purpose of Travel
The fourth basic element is the purpose of travel. It can be divided into seven:
1. Visiting friends and relatives
2. Conventions, seminars, and meetings
3. Business
4. Outdoor recreation-hunting, fishing, boating and camping
5. Entertainment-sightseeing, theater, and sports
6. Personal-family, medical, funeral, wedding and
7. Other.

The Nature of a Tour

To analyze the nature of a tour systematically, it will be helpful to understand the

difference between domestic and international tourism, as well as independent and package
tour. Domestic Tourism is refers to travel taken exclusively within the national boundaries of the
traveler’s country. People find it easy to do so because there are no languages, currency, nor
documentation barriers. International Tourism involves the movement of people across
international boundaries. It is more difficult to travel outside one’s country because the country
visited has a different language, currency and documentation requirements, such as passports,
visas, and other conditions of entry to be met by tourists.
A package tour, sometimes called as inclusive tour, it is an arrangement in which
transport and accommodation is bought by the tourist at an all-inclusive price and the price of
the individual elements cannot b kie determined by the tourist. The tour operator who
organizes the package tour purchases transport and hotel accommodation in advance, usually
obtaining these at a lower price because he or she is buying them in bulk.

On the other hand , and an independent tour is an arrangement in which the tourist
buys these facilities separately, either making reservations in advance through a travel agent or
en route during his or her tour.
Tourists purchasing package tours may do so on the basis of either individual or group
travel. An independent inclusive tour is one in which the tourist travels to his or her destination
individually, while in the group inclusive tour, he or she travels in the company of other tourists.
The abbreviations IIT and GIT are used for individual inclusive tour and group inclusive tour
respectively.

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Discussion Questions:
Instruction: Answer question below in at least minimum of 5 sentences and maximum of 40
sentences. Please see attached document on how to write your answer.
1. Describe the four elements of travel.
2. Differentiate domestic tourism, international tourism, inclusive tour, and
independent tour.
END.

Topic 3: Tourist services and Characteristics of tourism

Lecture Discussion

Tourist Services
The travel and stay of tourists give rise to a wide range of services in the course of a
holiday. The principal tourist services are supplied by passenger transport, which provides the
means to reach the destination, as well as the movement at the destination. Distinction in
transport are between public and private, domestic and international, and among the various
modes—land, sea and air.

Accommodation, food and beverage, and entertainment constitute the second group of
tourist services. Hotels are of vital concern to a large proportion of tourist. However, many stay
with friends and relatives, and in other private accommodations; others provide their own
accommodation in the form of caravans and tents. At present, food and beverage operations
cut across all sectors of the travel industry since eating is a necessity, as well as a pleasure for
travelers. Entertainment, combined with amusement and recreation, is the primary reason why
millions of people travel.

The third group of tourist services consists of those provided by the travel agent and by
the tour operator. The travel agent is the distributor of the product, while the tour operator is
the manufacturer of the product. The travel agent provides an intermediary function between
the tourist and the providers of transport and accommodation, while the tour operator
combines the individual components of a holiday into a product, which is then sold directly to
the public through travel agents.

Other tourist services include currency, documentation, information, sightseeing and

shopping.

Characteristics of Tourism and Hospitality

Tourism and Hospitality has special characteristics which make it different from other
industries.

1. In tourism and hospitality, the product is not brought to the consumer; rather the
consumer has to travel and go to the product to purchase it. In other industries, an item

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 manufactured in a factory is brought to the wholesaler and retailer and ultimately to the
consumer.

2. The product of tourism and hospitality are not used up; thus, they do not exhaust the
country’s natural resources. The products of other industries have a limited life and at
the end of it are either junked or replaced with new ones.

3. Tourism and hospitality is a labor-intensive industry. It requires more manpower than

other industries.

4. Tourism and hospitality is people-oriented. It is primarily concerned with people. One of

the mist important motivations of tourists is to meet other people and see how other
people live.

5. Tourism and Hospitality is a multidimensional phenomenon. It is dependent on many

and varied activities which are separate but interdependent.

6. The tourism and hospitality industry is seasonal. During vacation seasons, millions of
tourist travel, which result in increased revenues for several tourism agencies; but when
vacations are over, these companies experience a big decline in dollars earned.

7. The industry is dynamic. It is characterized by the changing ideas and attitudes of its
customers and therefore must be always prepared and willing to adjust to these
changes.

Discussion Questions:
Instructions: Answer question below in at least minimum of 5 sentences and maximum of 40
sentences. Please see attached document on how to write your answer.
1. Describe tourist services.
2. Explain briefly the different characteristics of tourism and hospitality

Topic 4: Importance of tourism and Hospitality

Lecture Discussion

Tourism and hospitality has become one of the world’s major industries. Both
developing and highly developed nations are now taking a closer look at the following potential
benefits from tourism and hospitality.

1. Contribution to the balance of payments. Tourism and hospitality can help correct the
balance of payments and deficits of many countries by earning the much-needed foreign
currency in international trade. Examples of countries in which the tourism and
hospitality industry has helped reduce the deficits are: Spain, Mexico, Philippines,
Thailand, Hong Kong and Singapore.

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 2. Dispersion of development. International tourism and hospitality is the best means to
spread wealth among countries; thus, bridging the economic gap between the rich and
the poor nations.
3. Effect on general economic development. Expenditures by tourists can have beneficial
effect on all economic sectors and can lead to the development of different industries
and other economic activities.
4. Employment opportunities. Tourism and hospitality is a source of employment, it is a
service industry, which could have a significant effect on those countries with surplus
labor such as the Philippines. For countries where there is a high rate of unemployment
and underemployment tourism and hospitality can provide a ready solution.
5. Social benefits. Social exchange takes place when tourists come in contact with the
inhabitants of the places they visit. Their social background and their presence affect the
social structure and way of life of the local residents. In the same way, tourists are also
affected by the experience so that they often carry with them new habits and a new
outlook on life when they return home.
6. Cultural enrichment. Tourism and hospitality emphasizes a sharing and appreciation of
cultures rather than the lack of trust brought about by isolation. Through tourism and
hospitality, we can appreciate the rich human and cultural diversity that the world offers
and evolve a mutual trust and respect for one another and the dignity of life on earth.
Likewise, tourism and hospitality contributes to the preservation and development of the
world’s cultural heritage. It encourages governments to preserve historical sites
monuments and motivates indigenous groups to preserve their heritage in the form of
dance, music and artifacts.
7. Educational significance. Tourism and hospitality enhances one’s education.
International conferences, seminars, and study trips held each year enable people of all
nations to exchange ideas, propose solutions to problems, and share their concerns.
They provide up-to-date information for enhancing the knowledge and skills required for
the development of the tourism and hospitality industry.
8. A vital force for peace. A properly designed and developed tourism and hospitality can
help bridge the psychological and cultural distances that separate people of different
races, colors, religion, and stages of social and economic development. In facilitating
more genuine social relationships among individuals, tourism and hospitality can help
overcome prejudices and foster international brotherhood and world understanding.
Thus tourism and hospitality can become a real force for the world peace.

Discussion Questions:
Instruction: Answer question below in at least minimum of 5 sentences and maximum of 40
sentences. Please see attached document on how to write your answer.
1. Discuss the importance of tourism and hospitality

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Formative Assessment:

Quiz 1: Identification
Instructions: Identify the following statements below. Please see attached document on how
to write your answer.

__________1. The temporary, short-term movement of people to destinations outside the

places where they normally live and work and their activites during their stay at htose
destinations.
___________2. Movement of people across international bounderies.

___________3. A geographical unit where the tourist visits and stasy.

___________4. Temporary visitors staying at least 24 hours in the destination visited and not
making an overnight stay.

___________5. It consists of what the tourist buys.

___________6. A tour in which the tourist travels to his or her destination individually.

___________7. Another term for package tour.

___________8. An attraction in which the destination itself has appeal.

___________9. Facilities such as accommodation, food, transportation, communication, and

entertainment at the destination.

___________10. The manufacturer of the tourist product.

Quiz 2: Enumeration
Instructions: Enumerate the following and give a brief description. Please see attached
document on how to write your answer.

1-8. The elements of travel

9-12. Types of Visitors
13-15. Give at least 3 components of the importance of tourism and hospitality.

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Self-Paced Activity: Essay
Instruction: Make a narrative report on what have you learned from this module for week 1.
Please see attached document on how to write your answer.
Materials Needed: Laptop/Computer, Bond paper, Ball pen, Module

Rubrics for Essay

Please see attached rubric for essay for your reference.

Reference:

A. Books

 Lansangan-Cruz.Z. Phd. Macro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality First Edition. Rex
Book Store.

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