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Trends, Networks, and Critical

Thinking in the 21st Century
Quarter 2 – Module 2:
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Trends, Networks, and Critical

Thinking in the 21st Century
Quarter 2 – Module 2:
Democratic Interventions and
Undemocratic Practices
 What I Need to Know

This module, Democratic Interventions and Undemocratic Practices is

an eye-opener for us citizens who lives in a democratic society to be vigilant and
responsible to every action we take, either to our home or community. It will also
remind us to exercise democratic practices and always find interventions to uplift
equal rights for humanity. As a senior high school student, you should be
knowledgeable enough to determine different interventions in political and social
set up including the elimination of undemocratic practices.

The module is divided into four lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Democratic Interventions in Political Institutions
 Lesson 2 – Democratic Interventions in Social Institutions
 Lesson 3 – Democratic and Undemocratic Practices
 Lesson 4 – The Ill Effects of Undemocratic Practices

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the political democracy

2. explain the political institution
3. assess democratic interventions prevailing in political
institutions
4. explain social democracy
5. describe social institution
6. appraise vital interventions existing in social democracy
7. define democratic and undemocratic practices
8. discuss what are the examples of democratic practices
9. conceptualize feasible ways to eradicate undemocratic
practices and uplift democratic practices
10. understand and distinguish the ill effects of undemocratic
practices.
11. formulate a viable alternative to undemocratic practices
in social and political institutions.

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 Lesson
Democratic Interventions in
1 Political Institutions

LEARNING O B J E C T I VE S :

1. Describe the political democracy;

2. Explain the political institution; and
3. Assess democratic interventions prevailing in political institutions.

What’s In

Hello Philippines! Mabuhay! The first part of this module will surely give you
an excitement and intrigue regarding the face of political democracies! It is being
said that we live in a government by the people, of the people, and for the people.
There are so many issues that our government have faced and solved. Apparently,
we do observe this and we were able to react with this.
Democracy has been used by most of the political organizations in the recent
time. Exercising democracy depends on the capacity and power of the ruler or
government leader. It is perhaps their obligation to assess democratic interventions
when deluge problems arise in the society.
We live now in a country where h u m an dignity and respect is a top priority
and it should be valued by governing authorities. This lesson was designed to know
our protection and safety not only for the wrong actions of the few but also from
our passion and abrupt decisions.

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 What’s New

Direction: Observe and analyze the following words below. Compose a sentence in
each word based from your understanding and supply the correct word at the
center of the diagram. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Voting

?
Voice Rights

Fairness Freedom

Equality

What is It

What is Political Democracy?

It is a political power exercise in a nation which is fairly contributed
and shared by the people. The citizens have the right to legislate through
performing their rights of suffrage and delegate deserving representative for a
certain position. This means, the people carries exclusive rights to directly or
indirectly participate in political systems.

What is Political Institutions?

Political Institutions are government organizations that intend to
establish, enforce, and implement laws in a state. Their function is to negotiate
conflicts, create political policies, uphold economic stabilities, and promote
social and cultural systems including population concerns.

What is Democratic Intervention?

It is a political association being established to empower and protect
pro-government ideas that aims to uphold widely the democratization of the
country.

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 Four Democratic Interventions in Politics:
1. Political Corruption- one of the undemocratic practices that is present in
the political system. It can hibernate social ills that suddenly haunt societies
in the world. The reason why people are dissatisfied with their leadership is
because they forgot to provide necessary needs of the people including their
safety, protection from fast growing economic change, and failure to include
them in their programs and other project implementations.
2. Basic Needs- poverty and hunger are two of the common complaint by most
of the societies if these unable to undertake and solve. The agony between
the rich and poor is continuing to grow and there is a mechanism that leads
to create extra activities like prostitution, robbery, h uman trafficking, and
drug syndicate just to survive from the said problem.
3. Association- this includes democratic biases that weakens the traditional
family bond and kinship which were discouraged to exist by putting
pressures of work, migration and urbanization. There is a huge distance of
government in providing assistance and concern to the ordinary citizens that
causes low amount of livelihood support and led leaders to a highly corrupt,
self-centered, and inefficient head of a state.
4. Participation- active participation of citizens is imperatively effective in
promoting democratic practices in the country. People’s engagement in
various collective actions to execute voluntary services can help tackle and
solve problems. Exercising our responsibility in political processes
determines that we work together, collide to each other, and ensure to one
another that we have one common goal to achieve.

What’s More

Activity 1.1: F R E E D O M O F E XP R E S S I O N
Direction: Give your reaction to the following pictures. What intervention
can you apply to every political problem? Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

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 What I Have Learned

GUIDE QUESTIONS:

Direction: Read the questions carefully and answer on a separate sheet

of paper.

1. What role did a government play in a society to be called as fair

democracy? Cite examples.

2. How will you give your participation in a democratic country?

Explain in a process.

What I C a n Do

Activity 1.2: P O S TE R MAKING

Make a poster that depicts the political democracy today. Use your creativity to
do this task.

MATERIALS:
a. ¼ size cartolina
b. Pencil
c. Coloring materials

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Lesson
Democratic Interventions in
2 Social Institutions
LEARNING O B J E C T I VE S :
1. Explain social democracy;
2. Describe social institution; and
3. Appraise vital interventions existing in social democracy.

What’s In

How are you today? Congratulations for completing the activities in

Lesson 1! Be socially ready for the next lesson which will tackle the ways and
means of social democratic institutions. So , fasten your seatbelt and have a joy
ride for Lesson 2.
Direction: Read the questions carefully. Express your understanding on the
following questions and be guided on the rubrics found in the activity sheet. Use
your activity sheet for your answer.
1. How can be political institutions considered democratic?
2. Cite at least three (3) democratic interventions observed in politics.
3. As a student, what is your participation to support democratic interventions
in politics?

What’s New

Picture Analysis: Analyze the pictures and identify if it’s a democratic society
or undemocratic society. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

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 Process Questions:
1. What do you notice with the pictures? How they differ with one
another?
2. In your opinion, what are the characteristics of a society where you
would want to live in?

What is It

What is Social Democracy?

It is a political pattern adhering a continuous and peaceful transition
of capitalist and socialist practices by organizing democratic welfare.
What is Social Institutions?
It characterizes gradual mechanisms to build up social order that
emphasizes on achieving societal needs and stabilities, like family, education,
healthcare, religion, economy, and government.
Their function is to collaborate and unite in order to come up with one
purpose and goal. They also contribute a lot in making society and people work
together to attain democratic principles and practices.

S O C I A L INTERVENTIONS

These are programs designed addressing social welfare and develop

h uman status of living to alleviate poverty, ensure public health, child protection,
nutritional care, financial assistance, literacy, and employment.

Social Interventions can be any of the following;

1. Social Welfare- to equip the status of living and securing the earning
stability of every citizen.
2. Safety Net- to ensure and provide the best possible support among people
in times of hardship and other unpredictable crisis.
3. Social Protection- making a set of programs and projects to alleviate
poverty and vulnerability factors, promote efficiency of labor markets, avoid
participation or engagement of people to risks, developing their capability to
safeguard or protect themselves against any identified hazards including
crimes, trafficking, discrimination, and even inadequate income.

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 What’s More

Activity 1.1: I can! We can!

Direction: Give your democratic participation in your community from
least thing to greatest thing you can do. Copy the diagram on a separate
sheet of paper for your answer.

? ? ?

What I Have Learned

Directions: Explain the statements based on your understanding. Write your

answer on a separate sheet of paper.

a. How can you find democracy in the society?

b. Cite the effects that democracy is effectively working in the society.
c. What rights of you are being upheld? How and Why?

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 What I C a n Do

Activity 1.2: Tweet Me!

Direction: Create a simple tweet using hashtag (#) on different social
interventions and explain why you say so. Use the circle for your hashtag and
your explanation on the given space. Draw this on a separate sheet of paper for
your answer.

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 Lesson
Democratic and
3 Undemocratic Practices

LEARNING O B J E C T I V E S :

1. Define democratic and undemocratic practices;

2. Discuss what are the examples of democratic practices; and
3. Conceptualize feasible ways to eradicate undemocratic practices and
uplift democratic practices.

What’s In

Good day! Welcome to the third part of this module! It is very interesting to
grasp how able you are in responding to society when it comes to social practices.
This lesson outlines the main concept of democratic practices that enable us
to understand what are the best practices to maintain a democratic state for the
society.

Activity: Graphic Organizer

Direction: Complete the graphic organizer based on the previous lesson we had. To
understand it more, answer the following guide questions below. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

example

example

Social
Definition example
Institution

example

example

example

Guide Questions:
1. What is a social institution?
2. What are the social institutions?
3. How important social institutions in the society?

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 What’s New

Directions: Based on your own interpretation, define democracy and share your
views about a democratic country. Write your statement on a separate sheet of
paper.

Guide Questions:
1. What have you noticed on the activity?
2. How did you examine your over view about a democratic country?
3. Is democratic country a successful and progressive one?

What is It

Democratic Practices
It is the interpretation on the things that happen every day in communities.
Citizens have prior concern to make these routine or event become open. However,
this doesn’t mean that people have to do anything. They just have to do the normal
in different ways. If the routine business of politics is done in ways that are open to
citizens, the routines can become democratic practices. These practices are
reflected in the ordinary people asking one another when something threatens their
well-being.

Examples of Democratic Practices

1. Freedom of Speech- the ability to express thoughts, opinions, ideas, and

perceptions freely.
2. Inclusiveness and Equality- the practice of embracing and accepting all types
of people in the society and treating them with fair and just.
3. Suffrage- this is the right of a citizen to exercise the process of voting to any
political elections. The foundation of every healthy democracy, ensuring that
government authority derives from the will of the people.
4. Citizen Participation- is a process that gives person a chance to make positive
effects to public decisions and can take initiative to improve quality of life, work,
and relationship between society and government.
5. Right to Life- the right to live harmoniously in the society, that no one has the
right to punish, kill, or destroy the sanctity of living.
6. Minority Rights- the rights subject to members of ethnic groups, religious
groups, gender and sexual circles.
7. Constitutional Government - is defined by the existence of a constitution
which may be a legal instrument or merely a set of fixed norms or principles
generally accepted as the fundamental law of the polity that effectively controls
the exercise of political power.

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Undemocratic Practices

It is a complex decision and process that is being hold and manipulated by

one individual or few members of the society rather than by many.

Examples of Undemocratic Practices

1. Drug War
2. Extra Judicial Killing
3. Gender Inequality
4. Racial Discrimination
5. Vote Buying

What’s More

I FILL YOU!
Direction: Write “D” if the statement is expressing democratic and “U” if
expressing undemocratic. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. People have the right to choose their own leaders.
2. The inequality arises among rich and poor.
3. Citizens are participative for the betterment of the regime.
4. Majority of people is eliminated from gaining of power.
5. Both minority and majority group are treated equally.

What I Have Learned

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
Direction: Read and understand the questions carefully and answer it on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What do you think the best practice in order to preserve democratic society?
Why?

2. Is only democracy a kind of government that enable people practice their

rights and contribute to the society? Why?

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 Lesson
The Ill Effects of
4 Undemocratic Practices
LEARNING O B J E C T I VE S :
1. Understand and distinguish the ill effects of undemocratic practices; and
2. Formulate a viable alternative to undemocratic practices in social and
political institutions.

What’s In

How are you feeling today? We come up now to the last lesson of this
module. Lesson 4 outlines the impression on how undemocratic practices affect
our daily lives and when democracy fails to meet the essential practices.

Direction: Read the words inside the box and answer the questions below.
Freedom equal voting participation
Voice rights fair majority opinion

Election engagement important representation

1. What have you noticed on the group of words inside the box?

2. What is the similarity of the words mentioned?

What’s New

C O N C E PT MAPPING
Directions: Complete the concept Map and fill out the circles with best practices
to the problem presented at the center of the map.

GE NDE R BIAS

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 Guide questions:
1. Based on your answer, what do you think the best practice to overcome
Gender Bias? Explain.

Guide Questions:
a. What have you noticed on the table?
b. How did you distinguish a person/event or thing on classifying if it’s
innovative, consistent or versatile?

What is It

There is a failure of community, government agencies, the family, and

the absence of census on merging honest principles and the loss of voluntary
associations in the world today.
Democratic participation is the empowerment of people to effectively
involve themselves in creating structures, designing policies and programs that
serve the interests of all. A significant element of a good society is the demand for
participation in the governance. Democratic participation is built on the popular
support and full participation of people.

The Ill Effects of Undemocratic Practices:

1. Poverty-the state of being insufficient in needs and shows inferiority in many

manners.
2. Gender Biases –an unfair or unequal treatment of one gender to other. It’s
shows prejudice or preference towards a person identity.

3. Political Marginalization- a social exclusion or disadvantage to the growth

and development of the society.

4. Racial Inequality- it is a practice and belief that groups of people are

identified as one is superior and possess high standard of physical trait and
appearance.
5. Cultural Domination- it means that culture dominating other culture by
overtaking its economy, policy, and behavioral aspects.
6. Crisis of representation- the co-occurrence of the financial crisis and the
exposure of a political class riddled with corruption reveals starkly the state
we're in: a crisis of representation
7. Politics of recognition - define our identity always in dialogue with,
sometimes in struggle against, the things our significant others want to see in
us.

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 What’s More

Activity 1.1: Sentence completion

Direction: Complete the sentence below. Do it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Gender biases can be lessened through .

2. Racial inequality can be solved through .
3. Regardless of skin color, we should treat people as .
4. When I feel dissatisfied with school policies, I should .
5. Rich or poor, education is .

What I Have Learned

Activity: Like/Dislike
Directions: Put like or dislike on the space before the number. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Equality is one of the ill effects of undemocratic practices.

2. In order to overcome undemocratic practice, we should avoid
discrimination and stereotyping.

3. Black and white people must be treated according to their race.

4. Poverty is the state of being sufficient in needs.

5. A democratic country is a country which leaders are chosen by a
certain person.

What I C a n Do

Activity 1.2: REMINISCING THE PAST

Now, you can list down all the things and information you have learned from the
lesson. Why is there a need to know the ill effects of undemocratic practices? How
does it affect on the aspiring leaders someday? Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

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 B. Take A Read
Direction: Put check (√ )on the column of Agree if you are agreeing that the
statement is true, and (X) if you disagree.

Statement Agree Disagree

1.A good leader is one that can treat people equally, regardless of
their race.

2.Elites are for white collar jobs, and lower class are for blue collar
job.

3.Democracy is a form of government where leaders are chosen by

a certain person.

4.A full participation from the citizens builds democratic practice.

5.Gender equality is one of the ill effects of undemocratic

practices.

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