Chapter 2

Reviews of Related Literature Studies

In this chapter, data and information about related topics and articles gathered from

publish books and other sources are compiled to justify and give support to the importance of the

proposed Barangay E-Blotter Record Management System.

2.1 Manual Process

Manual Data Processing is without using a machine or any sort of tool, data processing

can be done by hand. Data is manually collected and moved from one place to another. Given the

manual work involved and high need for attention to detail, errors are likely to occur.

Additionally, manual data processing is time consuming. According to Rachel, T., Alegado

(2023) manual process faces several challenges and one of the main challenges is the lack of a

centralized and secure data storage system, which leads to difficulties in organizing and

managing data information. Another challenge is the reliance on manual processing using MS

Word or Excel, which increases the risk of data mishandling or corruption.

Modernization is the process of upgrading older systems and software to make them

more efficient and effective. The word “modernization” can be applied to any organization – it is

not restricted to specific sectors or industries. Organizations that fail to modernize often fall

behind in terms of efficiency and are less likely to experience growth.

According to Karl Jason Granada (2019), Nowadays, it is very important to be one step

ahead, to be able to cope up with the benefits of the Technology. Having a computerized system

is a big use for the barangay halls for them to lessen the time for a certain operation if done

manually can consume so much time and effort. It can also decrease hassle in workplace

and provide accurate and fast result that every barangay hall needs.

2.2 Barangay Governance

Barangays are the smallest local government units where community projects and

activities are first planned and carried out. However, despite being at the grassroots level,

barangays often lack sufficient baseline data and information needed for proper planning and

implementing policies (Carpio, 2020). Barangay governance encompasses the processes,

structures, and mechanisms through which barangay officials, including the barangay captain and

barangay council, exercise authority, make decisions, and deliver services to constituents.

Effective barangay governance is essential for promoting local development, ensuring the

delivery of basic services, and fostering citizen participation and engagement in local decision-

making processes.
 The legislation of the Philippine Republic Act (RA) 7160, which recognized as the Local

Government Code (LGC) of 1991, transformed many of the laws and regulations governing

national down to barangay units by decentralizing many of the tasks previously performed by the

central government. The community development depends on the capability of leaders at the

national level and, more particularly, on LGU to the lowest political unit of governance, which is

the barangay. It is then essential that we look at the barangay level’s leadership aspect through

the barangay captains. The formulation of an intervention mechanism reveals a significant

concern for good governance (Nalbandian et al. 2019). Moreover, good governance needs

transparency for the proper delivery of services to the citizens. Transparency more broadly

depends upon the idea that the more the state shows the public, the more the public will trust the

state (Moore, 2017).

Further, studies revealed that the punong barangays have a satisfactory performance level

in implementation, legislation, peacekeeping, planning, and fiscal management (Noble-Nur

2018) and “very competent” in barangay governance. Nevertheless, the respondents identified

the community residents’ lack of planning and decision-making as one of the significant

problems that affected Good Governance (Noble-Nur 2021Another study on Barangay

Governance concluded that the majority of the Barangay Chairpersons deliver very satisfactory

public services in their barangays, which indicated that governance core values are being fair,

transparent, and accountable (Boysillo 2018). One proposed that the local officials stay self-

reflective or aware of their accountabilities in the barangay to maintain barangay governance

(Nalbandian et al. 2013) to provide vital services and increase the excellence of their capability

to render community services (Flores 2019). The different contentions of the authors mentioned
guided the discussion of the present study. Yet, they are challenged further to increase their

impact on other local and international academic communities through information

dissemination for an effective research output.

2.2 Record Management System

As communities grow over time, it becomes increasingly difficult for small local units

like barangays to organize and manage all the data and information flowing in and out of their

offices. Without a proper system in place, handling community members' files mostly involves

manually processing them using tools like MS Word or Excel. There's no centralized database to

securely store and share this information across the organization. Lacking a central data storage

system puts the organization's files and data at risk of being mishandled or, worst case,

completely corrupted. It's a situation that cries out for a better solution. (M. N. Jamis et al.,2022)

The modern records management system is the digital system that manages the organization`s

records in digital file formats and stores them on hard drives and secure servers. Unlike the paper

records systems, the files in the electronic system are intangible, which creates issues of security

and authenticity of the records but offers more protection against damage and accidents than the

paper records system. The security issues that affect this type of records management system.

The system helps organize and manage data information coming in and out of the Barangay

office, ensuring the security and centralization of files. It allows for the efficient management of

barangay public information, constituents' profiles, requests, complaints, health services, and

inventory of supplies include how easily data thieves and hackers can access and reproduce

important company records.

processes, such as issuing barangay certificates and permits, leading to faster and more efficient

services. Overall, the Barangay information management system enhances governance by

facilitating data management, improving public services, and supporting informed decision-

making.

2.3 Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in local government

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) have been used by different

Governments organizations to encourage participation along with its citizens. Through e-

government, citizens can make urban incident reports in their neighborhood to the local

administration. Every barangay has desktop computer that can be used in processing documents.

Most transactions like the recording of blotter cases and offenses were still manually, and

Microsoft Word was used to produce the reports. When retrieving and storing the needed

information, the barangay encounters error; since the user doesn't have enough training is

available to the use of computer software, it slows down the opportunity of the barangay to

maximize the power of computing. Variety of errors or inaccurateness were encountered. Hence,

the barangay secretary manually does the generation or production of documents to the

clearances, permits, and the records of disputes and even crimes and other reports. The records

written in the blotter book are unorganized that even the officials itself cannot monitor and

determine, if a certain case, is already settled or need to follow-up. (Lilibeth & Antonio, n.d.).
2.4 E-blotter in E-governance

Electronic Government, or e-Government as it's commonly called, has been a global priority for

years now. Since the late 1990s, governments at all levels have been launching e-Government

initiatives to provide information and services to citizens and businesses electronically and

online. The barangay is holding the records of the citizen’s report about health and crime

incidents. That is why keeping track of crimes in each barangay is quite a challenging task.

Normally, victims or complainants need to report incidents to the barangay office or the police.

They also need to get a barangay blotter and police blotter report for evidence and future

reference in court cases. To gather background on a suspect or defendant, someone still has to

manually go through old physical records - it's extremely time-consuming and labor-intensive.

With modern digital technologies and software, developing a crime information management

system can streamline recording cases at the barangay level. The hall is where the barangay

officials are in charge of all things pertaining to their barangay, which is why they should have a

good and efficient judicial system. E-blotter is designed to make records easier for barangay

officials to track and manage regarding to solve the incidents or reports. It under the data of the

complainant, suspect, and the incident data.

2.5 Katarungang Pambarangay

The definition of Katarungan Pambarangay implies that it supplants a more traditional method of

dispute resolution between communities, it merely codifies those types of practices into a more

structured framework. In other words, rather than replacing a well-established and proven local

approach, the Katarungan Pambarangay process supplements it in an official way . This then
gives the barangay the ability to conduct official mediation with the intent to help parties find a

resolution that is acceptable to both sides on a procedural basis. The determinations made

through the KP process have legal significance and formality.

Furthermore, mediators in the Barangay Justice System face challenges such as persuading

disputants who do not cooperate for settlement and dealing with negative attitudes towards the

system. These challenges highlight the need for improved systems and processes to enhance the

efficiency and effectiveness of barangay identification systems.

Challenges and solution:

data information due to the lack of a system. It mentions that barangays rely on manual

processing using MS Word or Excel, which can lead to mishandling or corruption of data.

TY - JOUR

AU - Floranza, Jaymund

PY - 2021/03/08

SP - 100

EP - 123

T1 - Barangay Governance in Northeast of Catanduanes, Philippines: Basis for Catanduanes

State University Panganiban Campus Extension Program

DO - 10.13135/2704-9906/5058

JO -

ER -