NAKA BOLD UNG NASA REMOVALS EXAM

HIGHLIGHTED GREEN IF PROBLEM SOLVING AND NASA REMOVALS TAS SURE

NEED WELP ISOLVE/DI SURE
QUESTIONS ANSWER

1. What happens when an aircraft is in c. The aircraft is maintaining a steady

a state of dynamic equilibrium? cruise without any changes in flight
parameters.
a. The aircraft is experiencing constant
change in altitude and speed.
b. The aircraft is subjected to
unbalanced forces and moments,
resulting in erratic flight.
c. The aircraft is maintaining a steady
cruise without any changes in flight
parameters.
d. The aircraft is able to perform
acrobatic maneuvers with east and
precision

2. Experimental determination of loads in c. Inertial accelerometer

flight are referred to as
a. V-g recorder
b. Hodograph
c. Inertial accelerometer
d. None of the above

3. How does the addition of passenger d. CG’s movement depends on the

of cargo weight affect the position of specific weight distribution within the
the center of gravity (CG) in an aircraft
aircraft?
a. CG generally moves forward
towards the nose of the aircraft.
b. CG generally moves aft towards the
tail of the aircraft
C. CG remains relatively unchanged
unless extreme weight is added.
d. CG’s movement depends on the
specific weight distribution within the
aircraft

4. What is the primary advantage of b. Increased strength and reduced

using advanced composites in aircraft weight compared to traditional
materials? materials.
a. Enhanced aesthetic appeal with
improved visual appearance.
b. Increased strength and reduced
weight compared to traditional
materials.
c. Limited durability, restricting their
use to non-critical components
d. Mainly ekmployed in military aircraft
with minimal applications in
commercial aviation.

5. What happens to an aircraft’s a. The aircraft becomes unstable and

equilibrium if the center of gravity is difficult to control.
located too far forward?
a. The aircraft becomes unstable and
difficult to control.
b. The aircraft tends to pitch up
excessively during flight
c. The aircraft experiences excessive
drag and reduced performance.
d. The aircraft tends to roll
uncontrollably during turns

6. Which of the following factors c. Air resistance acting on the aircraft

hinders the instantaneous response of
an airplane during maneuvering
a. Aerodynamic lift generated by the
wings
b. Thrust produced by the engines
c. Air resistance acting on the aircraft
d. The weight of the airplane

7. What is the role of fudge factors in d. Adjust weight estimation based on

estimating the weight of an aircraft class expert judgment when statistical
when statistical equations are equations are not applicable
unavailable?
a. Compensate for measurement
inaccuracies in weight estimation
b. Provide a reliable method to estimate
the weight without statistical equations.
c. Enable precise calculation of the weight
irrespective of statistical equation
availability
d. Adjust weight estimation based on
expert judgment when statistical
equations are not applicable

8. What is the negative limit load factor C-1.68

for gust conditions of an aircraft with a
wing loading of 18lb/ft^2, design
velocity of 150mph, lift curve slope of
0.986/degree, gust factor of 1.09, and
gust velocity of 30ft/s?
a. 0.94
B. 0.95
C. -1.68
D. -2.93

9. Which of the following factors is C. Structural integrity

primarily considered when determining
the flight design gross weight of an
aircraft under design load factors?
A. Maximum altitude capability
B. Maximum speed capability
C. Structural integrity
D. Fuel efficiency

10. What is the purpose of limit load A. To ensure the structural integrity and
factors in aircraft design? safety of the aircraft
A. To ensure the structural integrity and
safety of the aircraft
B. To determine the maximum load
capacity for cargo and passengers
C. To evaluate the aerodynamic
performance of the aircraft
D. To asses the fuel efficiency and range
capabilities of the aircraft

11. Which coefficient, related to A. Axial force coefficient

aerodynamic forces, is known as the
“beam component”?
A. Normal force coefficient
B. Axial force coefficient
C. Lift coefficient
D. Drag coefficient

12. Which control surfaces are B. Ailerons

typically used to maintain equilibrium
in the roll axis of an aircraft?
A. Elevators
B. Ailerons
C. Rudder
D. Flaps

13. What happens if the center of B. The aircraft tends to pitch up

gravity is located aft of the allowable excessively during flight
range in an aircraft?
A. The aircraft becomes more stable
and easier to control
B. The aircraft tends to pitch up
excessively during flight
C. The aircraft experiences increased
drag and reduced performance
D. The aircraft becomes more
maneuverable and agile

15. Which type of aircraft is more likely to D. Military aircraft

have a complex external load
determination process?
A. Commercial airlines
B. General Aviation aircraft
C. Sport and recreational aircraft
D. Military aircraft

16. Why is it important to maintain the C. To prevent structural damage or

center of gravity within specified limits in loss of control.
an aircraft?
A. To ensure passenger comfort during
flight
B. To minimize fuel consumption
C. To prevent structural damage or loss of
control
D. To optimize engine performance

17. What is the purpose of determining C. To determine the structural strength

external load for aircraft design? required to carry external loads
A. To calculate the maximum payload
capacity of the aircraft
B. To evaluate the fuel efficiency of the
aircraft
C. To determine the structural strength
required to carry external loads
D. To optimize the aerodynamic
performance of the aircraft

18. The positive limit maneuvering load D. 6.0

factor for the airplane categories, as
provided for Federal Aviation (FAR) Part
23 for Airworthiness Standards need not
to be less than the following values for an
acrobatic category:
A. 2.5
B. 3.8
C. 4.4
D. 6.0

19. Using empirical calculation for B. Utility

maneuvering laid factor, identify the
category of an aircraft with a weight of
2700lbs
A. Normal
B. Utility
C. Acrobatic
D. Transport

20. What is the corrector for the ratio of C. Load Factor

the applied load to the weight of an
airplane?
A. Thrust-to-weight-ratio
B. Lift-to-drag ratio
C. Load Factor
D. Center of Gravity ratio

21. Calculate the lift for horizontal B. 3505.6846

flight of an aircraft before pull out
maneuver with a stalling speed of
81mph and diving speed of 254 ft/s.
CDmin of 0.254 and wing area of
180ft^2 at SSLC
A. 1629.7089 lbs
B. 766.8992 lbs
C. 3505.6846 lbs
D. 16025.3451 lbs

22. Which of the following statements C. The aircraft is in a state of balance

best describes the concept of static forces and moments at a constant
equilibrium in aircraft? altitude and speed
A. The aircraft is in a state of constant
motion with balanced forces acting upon it
B. The aircraft is at res on the ground with
no external forces acting upon it
C. The aircraft is in a state of balance
forces and moments at a constant
altitude and speed
D. The aircraft is able to maintain a
steady climb or descent without any
external influences.

23. Which of the following best C. To initiate a climb and gain altitude
describes the purpose of a pull-up
maneuver?
A. To decrease airspeed and enter a
stall condition
B. To perform a rapid descent and lost
altitude quickly
C. To initiate a climb and gain altitude
D. To execute a roll and change the
aircraft’s heading
24. How does the addition of external C. It decreases the aircraft”s
loads affect the aircraft’s maximum speed and range
performance?
A. It increases the aircraft’s fuel
efficiency
B. It improves the aircraft’s
maneuverability and agility
C. It decreases the aircraft”s maximum
speed and range
D. It has no significant impact on the
aircraft performance

25. Which of the following is not part of C. Nacelle

the propulsion group?
A. Engine
B. Exhaust System
C. Nacelle
D. Starting System

26. Using empirical calculation for B. Utility

maneuvering load factor, identify the
category of an aircraft with a weight of
1600 lbs
A. Normal
B. Utility
C. Acrobatic
D. Transport

27. What is the load factor for a B. 4.571

pull-out maneuver of an aircraft in
clean configuration with a stalling
speed of 81mph and a diving speed of
254 ft/s?
A. 2.138
B. 4.571
C. 9.833
D. 0.468

28. What is the CLmax for an aircraft A. 1.161

with a CDmin of 0.254, considering the
load factor during a pull-out maneuver
in clean configuration with a stalling
speed of 81 mph and a diving speed of
254 ft/s?
A. 1.161
B. 0.543
C. 2.498
D. 0.119

29. What is the positive limit load B. 3.68

factor for gust conditions of an aircraft
with a loading of 18lb/ft^2, design of
velocity of 150mph, lift curve slope of
0.0986/deg, gust factor of 1.09, and
gust velocity of 30 ft/s?
A. 4.93
B. 3.68
C. 1.05
D. 1.07

30. Using empirical calculation for A. Normal

maneuvering laid factor identify the
category of an aircraft with a weight of
4800lbs
A. Normal
B. Utility
C. Acrobatic
D. Transport
PRELIM EXAM

QUESTION ANSWER

1. Which of the following a. Braced wing have their wings

statements is true about braced attached to the fuselage with braces or
wing aircraft? struts.

a. Braced wing have their wings

attached to the fuselage with braces or
struts.
b. Braced wing have their wings
attached to the fuselage without any
additional support.
c. Braced wing do not have any,wings
at all.
d. Braced wing have their wings
attached to the tail section of the plane,

2. Which of the following drag is c. Induced drag

not included in two dimensional
airfoil a. Form drag
b.Skin friction drag
c. Induced drag
d. Interference drag

3. Which of the following aircraft c. Monoplane

designs is most likely to
incorporate a cantilever wing?

a.Biplane
b. Triplane
c. Monoplane
d. Delta-wing

4. Which of the following statements B. Positive stagger increases

about positive and negative maneuverability while negative stagger
stagger in biplane aircraft is true? improves stability.

a. Positive stagger improves stability

while negative stagger increases
maneuverability.
b. Positive stagger increases
maneuverability while negative
stagger improves stability.
c. Positive stagger and negative
stagger have the come elect on
stAbility and maneuverability.
d. Biplane aircraft do not typically use
 positive or negative stagger in their
Mina designs

5. Why does the powerplant of an C. To reduce the cost and tIme required
aircraft generally patterned to existing for research and development
engines when designing a new aircraft?

a. To increase the performance of

the aircraft by customizing the
engine to fit the design
b. To ensure that the aircraft
complies with existing aviation
regulations and standards.
c. To reduce the cost and tame
required for research and
development
d. To minimize the weight and size
of the engine.

6. Which of the following is a correct B. Pounds per hour

unit of measurement for specific fuel
consumption in terms of horsepower?

a. Gallons per hour

b. Pounds per hour
c. Liters per hour
d. kilograms per hour

7. What is the standard weight used for B. 170 pounds

passengers in 14 CFR PART 23?

a. 160 pounds
b. 170 pounds
c. 180 pounds
d. 190 pounds

8. What is a characteristic feature of an D. The main landing gear is located at

aircraft with a tricycle landing gear the rear of the aircraft.
type?

A.The aircraft has a single main landing

gear and two smaller wheels located at
the tail.
B.The aircraft has two main landing
gears and a single smaller wheel
located at the tail.
C.The main landing gear is located at
the front of the aircraft.
D. The main landing gear is located at
the rear of the aircraft.
9. What is the primary advantage of a. It reduces drag and improves fuel
elliptical wing design for an aircraft? efficiency.

a. It reduces drag and improves fuel

efficiency.
b. It provides greater lift and improved
stability.
c. it allows for more cargo or passenger
capacity
d. It improves visibility for the pilot.

10. Which of the following best d. The weight of the cargo and
describes an aircraft's payload? passengers carried by the aircraft

a. The weight of the fuel on board the

aircraft.
b. The total weight of the aircraft,
including fuel, Cargo, and passengers
c. The maximum altitude that the
aircraft can reach.
d. The weight of the cargo and
passengers carried by the aircraft

11. What is the significance of an airfoil's b. It represents the average curvature of

mean camber line? the airfoil.

a. It indicates the thickness of the airfoil. b.

It represents the average curvature of the
airfoil.
c. It defines the chord line of the airfoil.
d. It determines the angle of attack of the
airfoil.

12. This is the total weight of the c) Design takeoff weight

aircraft as it starts its intended mission:

a) Maximum takeoff weight

b) Empty weight
c) Design takeoff weight
d) Payload weight

13. Which of the following is NOT c. Payload

typically included in an aireraft's empty
weight?

a. Unusable fuel
b. Pilot and passengers
c. Payload
d. Oil
14. The total usable capacity of the fuel b) 1/2 hr
tanks B for at least of operation at
maximum continuous power?

a) 1/3 hour b) 1/2 hour c) 1/4 hour d) 2/3

hour

15. What factors affect the lift and drag a. The shape and size of the airfoil, and
of an airfoil? the speed and density or the airfoil

a. The shape and size of the airfoil,

and the speed and density of the
airfoil
b. The angle of attack of the airfoil
and the viscosity of the fluid
c. The temperature and pressure of
the and the altitude of the
aircraft
d. The weight and balance of the
aircraft and the power output of
the engines.

16. What is the equation for calculating the C. empty weight + crew + payload + fuel
design takeoft gross weight of an aircraft.?
a. empty weight + crew - payload -
fuel
b. empty weight + crew + payload
fuel
c. empty weight + crew + payload +
fuel
d. empty weight + crew - payload +
fuel

17. Combination of smooth fabrications b. 50-70%

and laminar flow airfoils, a wing with a
laminar Flow over about
a. 30-60% b. 50-70%
c. 60-90% d. 80-100%

18. What is the value of weight fraction d) 0.995

based on historical trends for the
landing segment?

a) 0.985 b) 0.975 c) 0.97 d) 0.995

19. In a simple cruise mission, what c. Takeoff, climb, cruise, loiter, and
mission legs are typically included? landing.

a. Takeoff, climb, cruise, holding, and

landing.
b. Takeoff, cruise, approach, holding,
and landing,
c. Takeoff, climb, cruise, loiter, and
landing.
d. Takeoff, climb, cruise, holding.
approach, and landing,

20. Calculate the Reynold' number of the d. 5941816.7660

airfoil cl with chord length of 48 inches.
The freestream condition response to (156)(48/12)(0.002377)/3.737x10-7 =
standard sea level condition, and the flow 3969087.503?
velocity is 156 ft/s

a. 47527869.1600
b.71301801.1900
c. 3960655.7630
d. 5941816.7660

21. Under which of the following a. Thin airfoil at higher angle of attack
circumstances will the airfoil likely stall out
quickly?

a. Thin airfoil at higher angle of attack

b. Thin airfoil at lower angle of attack
c. Fat airfoil at higher angle of attack
d. Fat airfoil at lower angle of attack

22. What are some advantages of a

dihedral wing? a. It increases the stability and roll
control of the aircraft.
a. It reduces the drag and
improves the lift-to-drag ratio of
the wing.
b. It increases the stability and roll
control of the aircraft.
c. It increases the lift and reduces
the stall speed of the aircraft
d. It decreases the weight and
improves the fuel efficiency of
the aircraft.

23. The touchdown speed for landing B. 1.3 times the stall speed
mission segment is at least:
a. 1.15 times the stall speed
b. 1.2 times the stall speed
c. 1.3 times the stall speed
d. 1.4 times the stall speed

24. Calculate the empty weight of an b. 5374.2757 Ibs

agricultural aircraft with a takeoff
weight of 9561 lbs using statistical
curve-fit equation historical trends for
aircraft types

a.1334.3575 lbs
b. 5374.2757 Ibs
c. 5199.6798 lbs
d. 5804.2938 Ibs

25. Which of the following statements B. It occurs at point of maximum

is true about L/D max? lift-induced drag

a. It occurs at point of maximum

lift
b. It occurs at point of maximum
lift-induced drag
c. It occurs at point of maximum
induced drag
d. It occurs at point of minimum
profile drag

26. What is aircraft wetted area? d.The total surface area of the aircraft
exposed to airflow
a. The total surface area of the
aircraft’s wings
b. The total surface area of the
aircraft’s fuselage
c. The total surface area of the
aircraft’s engines
d. The total surface area of the
aircraft exposed to airflow

27. This wing aerodynamic feature b. wing twist

prevents tip stall and revise the lift
distribution to approximate an ellipse

a.Taper wing
b. wing twist
c. Dihedral wing
d. wing angle of incidence

28. What is the advantage of a high d. It allows the aircraft to take off, turn
thrust-to- weight ratio in an aircraft? and climb faster.

a. It reduces the fuel consumption and

increases the range of the aircraft.
b. It improves the stability and handling
characteristics of the aircraft.
c. It allows the aircraft to carry heavier
payloads and passengers
d. It allows the aircraft to take off, turn
and climb taster.

29. What is the relationship between b) CL increases with increasing angle

the coefficient of lift (CL) and the angle of attack until it reaches a maximum
of attack of an airfoil? value, after which it decreases

a) CL decreases with increasing angle

of attack until it reaches a minimum
value, after which it increases.
b) CL increases with increasing angle
of attack until it reaches a maximum
value, after which it decreases
c) CL remains constant regardless of
the angle of attack
d) There is no relationship between Cl
and the angle of attack

30. In order to fulfill a mission b. Mission fuel

requirement, part of the aircraft's fuel
supply is needed typically referred to
an:

a. Fuel Consumption
b. Mission fuel
c. Needed Fuel
d. Trapped Fuel

31. Compute the takeoff weight of the c. 9887.6404 lbs

twin engine, general aviation aircraft
that has seating capacity of 4
passenger and 2 crew, with an empty
weight fraction and fuel weight fraction
of 0.5862 and 0.2981 respectively. Each
passenger has a baggage of 311bs
each.

a. 10423.5091 lbs
b. 640.0255 Ibs
c. 9887.6404 lbs
d. 607.1220 1bs

32. What is the purpose of geometric b. To improve the overall aerodynamic

twist in aircraft wing design? performance of the wing.

a. to provide greater lift at the wingtips

b. To improve the overall aerodynamic
performance of the wing.
c. To improve the structural integrity of
the wing.
d. To increase the maximum angle of
attack of the wing.

33. What is the difference between the d) the center of pressure is the point
center of pressure and the where the aerodynamic forces are
aerodynamic center in aircraft design? concentrated. while the aerodynamic
center id the point where the pitching
a) The center of pressure is the point moment is zero
where the pitching moment is zero,
while the aerodynamic center is the
point where the lift is zero
b) The center of pressure is the point
where the lift is maximum, while the
aerodynamic center is the point where
the lift is minimum.
c. The center of pressure and the
aerodynamic center are the same point.
d) the center of pressure is the point
where the aerodynamic forces are
concentrated. while the aerodynamic
center id the point where the pitching
moment is zero

34. Using a curve fit equation for b. 0.7416

horsepower to weight calculation.
Calculate the horsepower to weight
ratio of a single engine aircraft with a
maximum velocity of 115mph

a. 0.6817
b. 0.7416
c. 0.9377
d. 1

35. What is a canard wing configuration in b. A configuration where the horizontal

aircraft design? stabilizer is located in front of the main
wing.
a. A configuration where the wings are
mounted on top of the fuselage.
b. A configuration where the horizontal
stabilizer is located in front of the main
wing.
c. A configuration where the wing is
located at the tail of the aircraft.
d. A configuration where the wings are
located on the side of the fuselage
36. What is the effect of positioning the b. It decreases the aircraft's stability
aft tail too far aft in relation to the
aircraft's center of gravity (CG)?

a. It increases the aircraft's stability.

b. It decreases the aircraft's stability
c. It has no effect on the aircraft's
stability. d. It causes the aircraft to spin

37. Calculate the Mean aerodynamic b) 2.7590 feet

Chord of the swept wing with a chord
root of 45 inches and chord tip of 17
inches

a) 33.1075 feet
b) 2.7590 feet
c) 12.5073 feet
d) 1.0423 teet

38. What advantage does a c. Greater pitch stability and control

conventional tail configuration offer
over a T-tail design?

a. Reduced drag and improved fuel

efficiency
b. Improved visibility from the cockpit
c. Greater pitch stability and control
d. Increased ground clearance for
takeoff and landing

39. What is an advantage of a high wing a. Increased ground clearance for

configuration on an aircraft? takeoff and landing

a. Increased ground clearance for

takeoff and landing
b. Reduced drag and improved fuel
efficiency
c. Greater stability in gusty or turbulent
conditions
d. Improved visibility from the cockpit

40. what is the purpose of winglets on a. To improve the aerodynamic

an A aircraft's wingtip? efficiency of the wing

a. To improve the aerodynamic

efficiency of the wing
b. To increase the surface area of the
wing
c. To provide additional lift during
takeoff and landing
d. To enhance the aircraft's
maneuverability

41. Calculate the equivalent thrust b. 8. 7000x10-5 1/s

specific fuel consumption of a general
aviation- twin engine combined with
fixed pitch propeller, a propeller SFC of
0.58lb/(Hp.hr) and propeller efficiency
of 0.8 at maximum velocity of 162 mph.

a.0.3132 1/s
b. 8. 7000x10-5 1/s
c. 0.2135 1/s
d. 5.9318x10-5 1/s

42. Using the values for item no. 41, d. 0.8993

Compute the cruise weight fraction if
the cruising range is 653NM at L/D
(max) 0f 13.7 (1NM=6080 feet)

a.0 b.0.8559 c. 0. 9302 d. 0.8993

43. Using the values for item no. 41 and a. 0.9906

42. Compute the loiter weight fraction if
the loiter time is 21.5 minutes

a. 0.9906
b. 0.9936
c. 0.9918
d. 0.9944

44. Using the values of cruise and loiter C. 0.8469

mission segments. weight fraction
(item 42 & 41) and other values for
mission segment weight fraction for
simple cruise mission, calculate the
mission weight fraction

a. 0.0085
B. 0.2030
c. 0.8469
D. 0

45. Using the mission weight fraction a. 0.1622

(item 44) calculate the fuel fraction

a) 0.1622
b) 0.2030
c) 0.1303
d) 0.1607
46. If this aircraft has a capacity of 4 c. 5410.4998 lbs
passengers and 2 Crew, and half of the
passenger has à baggage of 271bs.
Calculate the design takeoff gross
weight of this aircraft (use the values
from item 41 to 45)

a) 3609.8850 lbs
b) 3595.5529 lbs
c) 5410.4998 lbs
d) 5378.2435 lbs

47. Calculate the wing loading of this b) 21.6078 lb/ft2

aircraft (item 41-46) at STALLING
CONDITION if the aircraft stall at the
altitude of 7.2km and has a stall speed
of 129 mph and CLmax of 1.08 (1km -
3280.8399 ft)

a) 11135.7241 lb/ft2
b) 21.6078 lb/ft2
c) 5176.7312 lb/ft2
d) 10.04497 lb/ft2

48. Calculate the wing loading for d. 21.7809 lb/ft2

cruising if the Cdo is equal to 0.0394 at
a cruising altitude of 8.4km, cruising
speed of 153 mph, and AR of 8 (use
other value in Item 41 and 1 km -
3280.8399 ft)

a) 5218.1828 lb/ft2
b) 10.1254 lb/ft2
C) 11224.0909 lb/ft2
d) 21.7809 lb/ft2

49. Calculate the wing loading for loiter a. 62.5715 lb/ft2

with loiter velocity of 126 mph at SSLC
(use other value in item 41 & 48)

a. 62.5715 lb/ft2
b. 32246.5820 lb/ft2
c. 29.0880 lb/ft2
d. 14990.6631 lb/ft2

50. calculate the wing loading at takeoff C) 13.3572 lb/ft2

if the aircraft has a takeoff parameter of
205 lbs/ft2.hp,density ratio of 1, and
Hp/W= 0.073 hp/lbs (Use other values
 from item 41-49)

a) 16.1622 lb/ft2
b) 19.5563 lb/ft2
C) 13.3572 lb/ft2
d) 11.9221 lb/ft2

MIDTERM EXAMINATION (LAST SEM)

QUESTIONS ANSWER

1. A type of turboprop propulsion

system which has advanced a. Prop-fan
aerodynamics propeller capable of
near sonic speeds
a. Prop-fan
b. Turbofan
c Turboshaft
d. Ducted fan

2. Ratio of air routed away from the a. Bypass ratio

core of the engine to the air
entering the core of the engine
A. Bypass ratio
B. Pressure ratio
C. Temperature ratio
D. T.I.T. ratio

3. Which of the following is true a. the stoichiometric ratio of about 15

about an ideal turbine engine to 1 produces temperature optimal
a. ALL of the air and fuel are for operation
completely combusted
during its operation
b. SOME of the air and fuel
are combusted during its
operation
c. the stoichiometric ratio of
about 15 to 1 produces
temperature optimal for
operation
d. The stoichiometric ratio is
the ratio of the fuel to air

4. What is the main indicator of thrust D. Difference in velocity of the air

 production in operating a turbine ingested and the air expelled by the
engine engine
a. Difference in pressure of
the air ingested and the air
expelled by the engine
b. Difference in density of the
air ingested and the air
expelled by the engine
c. Difference in temperature
of the air ingested and the
air expelled by the engine
d. Difference in velocity of the
air ingested and the air
expelled by the engine

5. What part of the jet engine B. Nozzle

produces a solid jet of air at the
exhaust section
a. Turbine
b. Nozzle
c. Struts
d. Exhaust cone

6. Which of the following D. Cost

parameters is not an indicator
for the selection of the type of
propulsion system
a. Vmax
b. Fuel consumption
c. Cost
d. Vmin

7. Which of the following D. Afterburning

propulsion system is not used
for hypersonic applications
a. Rocket
b. SCRAM jet
c. RAM jet
d. Aterburning turbojet

8. What is the primary purpose of a. Slow the incoming air down to

an inlet system aid efficient combustion
a. Slow the incoming air
down to aid efficient
combustion
b. Ensure that the tip speed
of the compressor
blades are above sonic
speeds
c. Reduce pressure
 recovery tendencies of
the engine
d. Reduce thrust to
acceptable levels

9. A supersonic diffuser has a a. 8*diameter

theoretical length of _ for
maximum efficiency
a. 8*diameter
b. 4*diameter
c. 3*diameter
d. 2*diameter

10. As a rule of thumb, all inlets a. 80%-50%

should be located at a height
above the runway equal to _ for a
low bypass ratio and _ fora high
bypass ratio engine
a. 80%-50%
b. 70%-40%
c. 60%-30%
d. 50%-40%

26. As a rule of thumb, the use of a. 2 to 4 inlet diameter

boundary layer diverters should
be done only when the inlet isa
particular distance from the
nose of the aircraft
a. 2 to 4 inlet diameter
b. 3 to 5 inlet diameter
c. 2 to 6 inlet diameter
d. 4 to 5 inlet diameter

29. To operate near residential areas, a. 692

noise generated by the propeller
should be minimized, if the aircraft
using a wooden propeller is taking
off, what should be the limit on its
tip speed if its forward velocity is
60 knots
a. 692
b. 700
c. 850
d. 862

30. A fixed pitch propeller aircraft a. fixed pitch propellor

optimized for the cruise is referred
to as
a. .fixed pitch propellor
b. Cruise propeller
c. Climb propeller
d. None of the above

33. What is the required propeller B. 9in

clearance for a a pusher type
propeller land aircraft
a. 7in
b. 9in
c. 11in
d. 18in

40. A wing with a very high aspect B A low stall speed

ratio(in comparison with a low
aspect ratio wing) will have
a. Increased drag at high angles of
attack
b. A low stall speed
c. Poor control qualities at low
airspeed
d. A high stall speed

42. What aerodynamic parameter D. Cdmin

pertains to the maximum speed
of an aircraft?
a. Cl
b. Clmax
c. Cd
d. Cdmin

43. Commonly referred to as the C. Life coefficient

chord force coefficient
a. Normal force coefficient
b. Axial force coefficient
c. Lift coefficient
d. Drag coefficient
SET A - MIDTERM EXAM ATA (60 ITEMS)

Which of the following design variables is b. Power loading

not a significant factor in determining the
empty weight fraction when sizing an
aircraft with rubber engine placement?

a. Aspect ratio

b. Power loading

c. Design Velocity

d. Wing loading

2 Which engine mounting a. Wing-mounted podded engine

configuration provides undisturbed
airflow, a short inlet duct, reduced
noise in the cabin, and easier
maintenance access?

a. Wing-mounted podded engine

b. Over-wing podded nacelle

c. Aft-fuselage mount

d. Wing tip-mounted engine

3. Which of the following factors may D. Decrease in the wing loading

affect the increase of load factor?

a. Increase in forward speed, v

b. Decrease in aspect ratio of the
wing
c. Intensity of the gust, u
d. Decrease in the wing loading

4. For an airplane with constant parasite c. Largest L/D

resistance, which airfoil characteristic will
result in the flattest glide angle?

a. Largest CD

b. Largest CL

c. Largest L/D

d. Largest AOA

5. Which of the following forces is a. Lift

responsible for maintaining equilibrium in
the pitch axis of an aircraft?

a. Lift

b. Thrust

c. Drag

d. Weight

6. In tractor engines, where is the c. Directly in front of the cylinders

cooling air intake typically located?

a. Behind the cylinders

b. Above the cylinders

c. Directly in front of the cylinders

d. Inside the engine compartment

7. An aircraft has an engine that produces D. 11,636 hp

a maximum thrust of 20,000 pounds and
has a velocity is 200 knots. Assuming no 200*1.6=320
other forces acting on the aircraft, what is
the power available in horsepower? 20000*320/550

a. 2,909
b. 5,816
 c. 9090 hp
d. 11,636 hp

8. what is the approximate tail moment c. 0.65

arm of a sailplane in term of its
fuselage length

a. 0.45

b. 0.55

c. 0.65

d. 0.75

9. Which of the following parameters is d. Cost

not an indicator for the selection of the
type of propulsion system?

a. Vmax

b. Fuel consumption

c. Cost

d. Vmin

10. As a rule of thumb, the use of d. 2-4 Inlet diameter

boundary layer diverters should be
done only when the inlets are at what
particular distance from the nose of
the aircraft?

a. 4-5 Inlet diameter

b. 3-5 Inlet diameter

c. 2-6 Inlet diameter

d. 2-4 Inlet diameter

11. What is a potential disadvantage of c. Increased risk of foreign object
a pusher- type engine configuration in damage.
aircraft?

a. Increased visibility for the pilot.

b. Improved aerodynamic efficiency.

c. Increased risk of foreign object

damage.

d. Reduced cabin noise levels

12. Calculate the power available for c. 101200 ft.lb/s

maximum velocity of a aircraft with a
propulsive efficiency of 0.8 and BHP of np(bhp) (550)
230 MP

a. 184ft.lb/s

b. 287.5ft.lb/s

c. 101200 ft.lb/s

d. 150125 ft.lb/s

13. Using the Power available from the b. 110.92 ft/s

question above. Calculate the Vmax at
SSLC if the aircraft has a wing area of
195ft 2 at total CDof 0.08

a. 128.71 ft/s

b. 110.92 ft/s

c. 1460.19 ft/s

d. 1160.15 ft/s
14. What is the positive limit load d. 1.57
factor for gust С conditions of an
aircraft with a wing leading of 27 lb/ft, 1+ kmuv (180/pi) x 15 / 575(w/s)
design velocity of 125 mph. 11ft curve
slope of 0.0751deg, gust factor of 1.1.
and gust velocity of 15 ft/s?

a. 1.04

b. 1.02

c. 1.57

d. 1.01

15. What is the purpose of a. Establishing guidelines for aircraft

MIL-STD-13747 design and development

a. Establishing guidelines for aircraft

design and development

b. Ensuring accuracy in aircraft weight

and balance Reporting.

c. Regulating aircraft maintenance

procedures

d. Setting standards for aircraft

navigation and communication
systems

16. Calculate the horizontal tail area of 33.62 ft

an sailplane aircraft with a chord root
of 4.5ft and chord tip of 3 ft, a aspect c. 3.08 m^2
ratio of 1.2, wing area of 230ft-2, and a
moment arm of 13ft.. (Cht-0.50)

a. 33.62 m^2

b. 50.42 m^2
c. 3.08 m^2

d. 4.68 m^2

17. What is the purpose of establishing c. To mitigate risks associated with

operational limitations for external load-induced structural stress
load in aircraft design?

a. To ensure compliance with

international aviation standards

b. To optimize the aircraft's fuel

efficiency and range

c. To mitigate risks associated with

load-induced structural stress

d. To provide guidance for passenger

comfort and convenience

18. Calculate the M.A.C of sailplane a. 1.2m

aircraft with a chord root of 4.5ft and
chord tip of 3 ft.

a. 5.7 m

b. 1.7 m

c. 3.8 m

d. 1.2 m

19. What does the term "capture area" a. The total surface area of the engine's
refer to in a jet engine? inlet.

a. The total surface area of the engine's

inlet.

b. The area of the engine's exhaust

nozzle.

c. The cross-sectional area of the

engine's combustion chamber.

d. The effective frontal area of the

engine's compressor.

20. What is the upper limit for aircraft b. 700 ft/s

speed during takeoff if noise is a
concern?

a. 600 ft/s

b. 700 ft/s

c. 850 ft/s

d. 950 ft/s

21. How does the center of gravity c. The CG primarily affects longitudinal
affect an aircraft's stability during stability
different phases of

a. The CG has no impact on stability

b. The ca primarily affects lateral

stability

c. The CG primarily affects longitudinal

stability

d. The cg primarily affects directional

stability

22. Defined as the limit loads a. Ultimate load

multiplied by factor of safety
a. Ultimate load

b. Limit lead

c. safety load

d. Lead factor

23. According to Federal Aviation B. 3.8

Regulation Part 23, what is the
maximum limit load factor for normal
category airplanes during level flight?

a. 2.5

b. 3.8

c. 4.4

d. 6.0

24. What is the negative limit load a. 0.43

factor for gust conditions of an aircraft
with a wing loading of 27 lb/ft, design
velocity of 125 mph, lift curve slope of
0.0751deg, gust factor of 1.1, and gust
velocity of 15 ft/s?

a. 0.43

b. 0.16

c. 0.98

d. 0.99

25. Why do some aircraft have ailerons a. To increase control effectiveness

that extend to the wingtips, including through vortex flow at the wingtips.
an extra 10% beyend the main aileron
section?
a. To increase control effectiveness
through vortex flow at the wingtips.

b. To improve fuel efficiency by

reducing drag at the wingtips.

c. To enhance maneuverability during

takeoff and landing.

d. To provide a location for additional

aileron mass balance.

26. What is a key advantage of axial a. Higher efficiency in compressing air

flow compressors in aircraft engines?

a. Higher efficiency in compressing air

b. Lower weight compared to other

compressor

c. Reduced maintenance requirements

d. Improved stability at high altitudes

27. What is the effect of having low d. Improved maneuverability and stability
aspect ratio on aircraft performance?

a. Increased lift and decreased drag

b. Decreased lift and increased drag

c. No significant impact on lift and drag

d. Improved maneuverability and stability

28. What is a key characteristic of a c. It features a diverging shape to

pitot or normal shock inlet used in accelerate and compress the incoming
aircraft engine design? air.

a. It employs a conical shape with a

widening diameter towards the engine

b. It incorporates a pitot tube to

measure the total pressure of the
incoming air.

c. It features a diverging shape to

accelerate and compress the incoming
air.

d. It utilizes a shockwave to slow down

incoming airflow for efficient
compression.

29. Calculate the estimate propeller b. 201.7760 cm

diameter of a two bladed propeller for a
BHP of 170hp

a. 79.4392 cm

b. 201.7760 cm

c. 64.9957 cm

d. 165.0891 cm

30. Using the Diameter from the item 285.2535213 m/s

above. Calculate the static tip velocity
with an RPM of 2700 rpm

a. 205.2535 m/s

b. 233.3892 m/s

c. 765.7127 m/i

d. 935.8711 m/s
31. Which control surfaces are c. Rudder
typically used to maintain equilibrium
in the yaw axis or an Aircraft?

a. Ailerons

b. Elevators

c. Rudder

d. Flaps

32. What happens when an aircraft is b. The aircraft is maintaining a steady

in a state of dynamic equilibrium? cruise without any changes in flight
parameters
a. The aircraft is experiencing constant
changes in altitude and speed.

b. The aircraft is maintaining a steady

cruise without any changes in flight
parameters

c. The aircraft is subjected to

unbalanced forces and moments,
resulting in erratic flight.

d. The aircraft is able to perform

aerobatic maneuvers with ease and
precision.

33. What does flight design gross d. The maximum authorized weight of
weight refer to in aviation? an aircraft during flight

a. The maximum weight of an aircraft

without any to in fuel er payload

b. The weight of an aircraft including

fuel but excluding payload

c. The weight of an aircraft excluding

fuel and payload
d. The maximum authorized weight of
an aircraft during flight

34. What is a key consideration in nozzle d. Achieving proper exhaust gas flow and
integration for aircraft engines? thrust vectoring.

a. Ensuring visual aesthetics of the

engine.

b. Minimizing the weight of the nozzle.

c. Reducing the complexity of the engine

design.

d. Achieving proper exhaust gas flow and

thrust vectoring.

35. What is the relationship between b. As diving speed increases, the load
diving speed and load factor factor encountered in pull-out
encountered in pull-out. increases.

a. As diving speed increases, the load

factor encountered in pull-out
decreases

b. As diving speed increases, the load

factor encountered in pull-out
increases.

c. There is no relationship between

diving speed and the load factor
encountered in pull-but.

d. The relationship between diving

speed and lead factor encountered in
pull-out depends on other factors.

36. Why is the design of the inlet a. To optimize air intake efficiency.
geometry crucial in aircraft jet
engines?

a. To optimize air intake efficiency.

b. To improve the visual appearance of

the aircraft.

c. To reduce the overall weight of the

engine.

d. To enhance the engine's exhaust

emissions.

37. What is the relationship between a. As the aspect ratio increases, the
aspect ratio and the thickness ratio of thickness ratio of the rest section
the root section in an aircraft wing? decreases.

a. As the aspect ratio increases, the

thickness ratio of the rest section
decreases.

b. As the aspect ratio increases, the

thickness ratio of the root section
increases.

c. There is no relationship between

aspect ratio and the thickness ratio of
the root section.

d. he relationship between aspect ratio

and the thickness ratio of the root
section depends on other factors.

38. Why is it important to adhere to the c. To prevent structural damage to the

flight design gross weight limits of an aircraft
aircraft?
a. To maximize fuel efficiency during
flight

b. To ensure compliance with

international aviation regulations

c. To prevent structural damage to the

aircraft

d. To achieve faster cruise speeds

39. What is the purpose of the a. To provide pitch stability and control
horizontal stabilizer on an aircraft?

a. To provide pitch stability and control

b. To generate lift and increase overall

performance

c. To enhance the aircraft's

maneuverability

d. To improve passenger comfort and

reduce turbulence

40. Which factors are considered when a. Weight, size, and location of the
determining the external load for external load
aircraft design?

a. Weight, size, and location of the

external load

b. Fuel consumption rates and engine

performance

c. Passenger confort and cabin layout

d. Weather conditions and operational

limitations
41. Which airplane category has a no c. Acrobatic
restrictions for any type of maneuver

a. Normal

b. Utility

c. Acrobatic

d. Transport

42. When designing vertical tail b. 10-15%

surfaces for an aircraft, what
percentage of the wing area is typically
allocated to the vertical tail,

a. 5-10%

b. 10-15%

c. 15-20%

d. 20-25%

43. Where should the quantity c. At zero angle of attack

(CL-3/2)/CD be maximized in order to
achieve the minimum power required and
maximize the lift-to-drag ratio for an
airfoil?

a. At high angles of attack

b. At low angles of attack

c. At zero angle of attack

d. At negative angles of attack

44. What happens if an aircraft exceeds a. The aircraft may experience structural
the limit load factor during flight? damage or failure

a. The aircraft may experience

structural damage or failure
b. The aircraft's fuel consumption
increases significantly
c. The passengers may experience
discomfort due to excessive
turbulence
d. The aircraft's maximum takeoff
weight is exceeded

45. An aircraft with a L/D max of 13.7 is b. 6.006 NM

flying at an altitude of 10,000 feet
above ground level. The pilot decides
to perform a glide descent to an
emergency landing site. Calculate the
maximum gliding range the aircraft can
achieve assuming no wind conditions.

a. 37000 NM

b. 6.006 NM

c. 729.927 NM

d. 0.12 NM

46. What is the purpose of b. To account for uncertainties and

incorporating a "fudge factor in aircraft variations in calculations
design?

a. To increase fuel efficiency

b. To account for uncertainties and

variations in calculations

c. To enhance maneuverability and

agility

d. To reduce drag and increase speed

47. What is the primary function of the c. To prevent the ingestion of foreign
inlet geometry in a jet engine? objects and debris

a. To maximize fuel efficiency during

combustion

b. To regulate the temperature of the

incoming air

c. To prevent the ingestion of foreign

objects and debris

d. To enhance the sound suppression

of the engine

48. What are some disadvantages of c. Excessive noise, vibration, and

piston-propeller aircraft propulsion decreased efficiency at higher velocities.
compared to other forms of propulsion?

a. Higher fuel consumption and increased

weight

b. Higher cost and reduced fuel efficiency

c. Excessive noise, vibration, and

decreased efficiency at higher velocities.

d. Limited range and lower power output

49. Which engine inlet location offers a b . Side-mounted

very short internal duct but can have
problems with boundary layers of the
forebody and wing. distortion at high
angles of attack, and sideslip?

a. Nose location

b . Side-mounted
c. Over the fuselage

d. Wing leading edge

50. Calculate the fuselage length a C. 24.8082 in

general aviation single-engine aircraft
with a design takeoff gross weight of Fuselage Length = a(Wo)^C
1900 lbs, based on statistical data?
For Single-engine general aviation
a. 7.5615 in. aircraft:

b. 756.1531 in. a = 4.37

c. 24.8082 in. C = 0.23

d. 297.6981 in.

51. What is the purpose of bleed air in b. To cool down the engine
a jet engine? components.

a. To increase the combustion

efficiency.

b. To cool down the engine

components.

c. To provide air for cabin

pressurization

d. To enhance the thrust output of the

engine.

52. Which of the following propulsion d. Afterburner

system is not used for hypersonic
applications?

a. Rocket

b. SCRAM Jet
c. Ram Jet

d. Afterburner

53. Which factor contributes to decreased c. Propeller size reduction

efficiency of piston-propeller propulsion at
higher velocities?

a. Increased thrust generation

b. Enhanced Fuel consumption

c. Propeller size reduction

d. Advancement in engine technology

54. How does wing loading affect the a. Higher wing loading results in a lower
minimum speed of an aircraft? minimum speed.

a. Higher wing loading results in a lower

minimum speed.

b. Higher wing leading results in a higher

minimus speed.

c. wing leading does not impact the

minimum speed.

d. Wing leading determines the maximum

speed, not the minimum speed.

55. Which of the following factors hinders b. Air resistance acting on the aircraft.
the instantaneous response of an airplane
during maneuvering?

a. The weight of the airplane.

b. Air resistance acting on the aircraft.

c. Thrust produced by the engines.

d. Aerodynamic lift generated by the
wings.

56. What is a potential consequence of

airflow distortions on axial compressors in
aircraft an engines? d.Blade stall and possible engine flame
out
a. Increased engine efficiency and
performance

b. Reduced fuel consumption and

emissions

c. Enhanced stability and reliability of the

compressor blades

d.Blade stall and possible engine flame

out

57. Which of the following is an a. Reduced maintenance complexity

advantage of podded engines?

a. Reduced maintenance complexity

b. Increased wing surface area

c. Enhanced fuel efficiency

d. Improved passenger seating

capacity

58. Calculate the vertical tail area of an a. 9.68 m^2

sailplane aircraft with a chord root of
4.5ft and chord tip of 3 ft, a aspect ratio
of 7.2, wing area of 230ft^2, and a
moment arm of 13ft. (Cvt 0.02)

a. 9.68 m^2
c. 14.52 m^2

b. 0.90 m^2

. d. 1.35 m^2

59. What are integral tanks in aircraft d. Airframe cavities forming fuel tanks.
design?

a. External fuel tanks attached to the

wings or fuselage

b. Removable tanks installed inside the

aircraft

c. Tanks located in the tail section of

the aircraft

d. Airframe cavities forming fuel tanks.

60. Which of the following best c. An engine that operates at

describes a scramjet engine? hypersonic speeds by Compressing
incoming air without any rotating
a. An engine that operates at parts.
supersonic speeds by compressing
incoming air using a series of rotating
blades.

b. An engine that uses a combination

of rockets and jet engines for
propulsion.

c. An engine that operates at

hypersonic speeds by Compressing
incoming air without any rotating
parts.

d. An engine that uses a pulsed

detonation combustion process for
increased efficiency.