TECTONIC UNITS OF THE ALPINE COLLISION ZONE BETWEEN EASTERN ALPS AND WESTERN TURKEY

S.M. Schmid, B. Fügenschuh, A. Kounov, L. Matenco, P. Nievergelt, R. Oberhänsli, J. Pleuger, S. Schefer, R. Schuster, B. Tomljenović, K. Ustaszewski and D. van Hinsbergen

Eurasian plate Miocene-age thrust belt of Alps Europe-derived units in the Alps Europe-derived units in the Pannonian region
and Carpathians (Tisza mega-unit)
North Dobrogea Sardinia, Briançonnais nappes
Audia, Macla, convolute flysch, Subsilesian,
Codru nappe system
Alpine-Carpathian foreland basin Silesian, Dukla, allochthonous molasse Helvetic and Subpenninic nappes
Marginal Folds, Tarcau, Skole Bihor nappe system
Variscan orogen & Moesia
Mecsek nappe system
Thrusted internal foredeep 24º
18º 20º 22º
Precambrian platform 51º 51º

Europe-derived allochthons in the Balkan

Peninsula & Pontides

Krakow
0 200 km 50º Circum-Rhodope & Strandja units
50º

Sakarya unit
Subbucovinian, Bucovinian, Biharia,

mega-unit
49º 10º
12º Supragetic, Serbo-Macedonian

Dacia
14º
16º
49º Infrabucovinian, Getic, Sredna Gora,
26º East Balkan

Košice
Danubian, West Balkan, Struma
Zemplín Cernovcy
München Kula, Forebalkan
Wien
L. Constance Bratislava
Salzburg Istanbul unit

Budapest Debrecen
47º 30º 47°
28º
Iaşi

n
alato
L. B Cluj-Napoca
Bacau

Ljubljana
Milano
Verona Trieste Zagreb

45º 45º

Piteşti
Beograd
Banja Luka

Bucureşti

Zadar

Sarajevo
Zlatibor
Split Sirogojno
43º 43º
Brus Varna
Mostar Kopaonik Brzeče

Black Sea

Dubrovnik Priština Sofia

Novo Brdo
Kotor
L. Skoder Topolovgrad
Roma Asenovgrad

Skopje
Lezha Edirne

41º 41º
Adriatic Sea
Istanbul
Tirana L. Ohrid L. Doiran
Napoli L. Prespes
Kavala
Elbasani

Thessaloniki
Bursa
Lecce

Ty r r h e n i a n S e a

39º 39º

Afyon

Izmir
W
BD

Palermo
Patra Isparta
Athina NCD Denizli

37º 37º
Antalya
WCD Bodrum
NPD
Calabr ian
ar c Göcek

AED
Nabeul
CD
M

Ionian Sea Aegean Sea

Chania
35º Iraklio 35º

Hellenic trench
10º 30º
12º 28º
14º 26º
16º 18º 24º
20º 22º

Ophiolites & suture zones (mostly ophiolite bearing) Rhodopes mega-unit (units of disputed origin) Adria-derived allochthons in the Dinarides, Continental ribbon of disputed origin
Hellenides & W-Turkey
Rhodope uppermost unit (Asenitsa- Calabro-Peloritani unit
Suture zones Thrace)
composite nappes,

Antalya-Alanya nappes
carrying obducted

Africa-derived allochthons
Piemont-Liguria, Vahic, Iňačovce, Szolnok suture zone Rhodope upper unit (Kerdilion-Madan)
ophiolites

Bükk, Jadar-Kopaonik & Tavşanli units

Maghrebides of Sicily and Tunisia
Rhodope middle unit (Nestos suture zone) Drina–Ivanjica, Korab, upper Pelagonian,
Sava-Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zone Afyon–Ören units
African plate
Rhodope lower unit (Arda-Byala Reka) East Bosnian-Durmitor, lower Pelagonian, Lycian nappes & Taurides
Ceahlau-Severin suture zone Hyblean foreland
Pre-Karst unit, Bosnian flysch & Beotian zone Tunisian Atlas
Pieniny klippen belt suture zone Pangaion-Pirin unit (SW Rhodopes)
Major faults
High Karst & Parnass units
Valais, Rhenodanubian, Magura suture zone First order thrusts
Adria-derived allochthons in the Alps Budva-Cukali, Krasta, Pindos zones, Cycladic blueschists
& western Carpathians First order normal faults
Nestos suture zone Dalmatian, Kruja, Gavrovo-Tripolitza zones, Menderes, Bey Dağları
First order strike slip faults
Obducted ophiolites South Alpine unit Ionian zone
AED: Attica-Evia detachment
Western Vardar ophiolitic unit (incl. Meliata-Maliac, Upper Austroalpine & internal west- MCD: Mid-Cycladic detachment
Carpathian upper plate units Adria-derived allochthons in the Apennines NCD: North Cycladic detachment
ALCAPA mega-unit

Mirdita, Pindos & Almopias ophiolites)

NPD: Naxos-Paros detachment
Ophiolites of western Turkey Eoalpine high-pressure belt e.g. Tuscan nappe WBD: West Biga detachment
WCD: West Cycladic detachment
Eastern Vardar ophiolitic unit (incl. South Apuseni, Upper Austroalpine & central west- Adriatic microplate
Transylvanian & Circum-Rhodope ophiolites) Carpathian lower plate units Metamorphic core complexes
S-Alpine, Apenninic & Dinaridic-Hellenic
Ligurian ophiolites Lower Austroalpine, Infratatricum, Tatricum foreland metamorphics