Testing Distance Protection Functions T ti Di t P t ti F ti Using Settings and Worksheets
(Part 1)
Jun Verzosa
Manager, Protection & Automation Engineering Services Doble Engineering C D bl E i i Company
Protection Testing Users Group Meeting g p g Austin, Texas
2010 October 10-15
Topics Covered
Introduction Distance (Impedance) Protection Function
System Parameters, Settings, Characteristics
ProTesT Features - Settings and Worksheet Developing Reusable Generic Distance Functions and Test Macros Applying Generic Distance Functions to to Specific Relays Demonstration
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
2
Power System Parameters and Impedance Function Settings
System and Line Parameters
Ph Phase R t ti Rotation Source and Line Impedances
Positive-sequence (Z1S and Z1L) Positive sequence Zero-sequence (Z0S and Z0L)
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
Power System Parameters and Impedance Function Settings
Basic Distance Function Protection Settings
Number of Zones Zone Characteristics Direction Reach Settings
Impedance reach Reach Angle R i i reach Resistive h
Residual Compensation Time Delay
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
Impedance Characteristics
Ohm Mho Offset Mho Quad Polygon Others
Z1
phi1
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
Ground Distance Residual Compensation
n
Es Z1S, Z0S R Ia . Z1, Z0 F
VaR V R
21G
A-N AN Fault
Residual Compensation
Zrelay = VaR / (Ia + kNIn) = nZ1
kN = ( Z0/Z1 1) / 3
= residual compensation factor Residual Compensation is a technique that allows measurement
of the fault impedance in terms of positive-sequence impedance, by adding a p g portion, KN, of the residual current, In, to the phase current. , , , , p
Loop Impedance Calculation
In order to test the relay one needs to o de o es e e ay o e eeds o ZN impedance. = KN * Z1 know the Loop
ZLoop = Z1 + ZN =Z1 (1+KN)
Modeling Impedance Characteristics
Per Phase Loop
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
Some Formulas
kLoopMag = sqrt((1+Zn1PhNkNmag*cos(Zn1PhNkNang)^2 sqrt((1+Zn1PhNkNmag cos(Zn1PhNkNang) 2 +(Zn1PhNkNmag*sin(Zn1PhNkNang))^2) kLoopAng=atan((Zn1PhNkNmag*sin(Zn1PhNkNang)) p g (( g ( g)) /(1+Zn1PhNkNmag*cos(Zn1PhNkNang)))
FReach = if(LoopModel=1 Zn1PhNMhoMag*kLoopMag if(LoopModel 1, Zn1PhNMhoMag kLoopMag, Zn1PhNMhoMag) MTA = if(LoopModel=1, if(Direction=-1, if(Direction= 1 Zn1PhNMhoAng+180, Zn1PhNMhoAng)+kLoopAng, if(Direction 1, Zn1PhNMhoAng+180,Zn1PhNMhoAng)) if(Direction=-1, Zn1PhNMhoAng 180,Zn1PhNMhoAng))
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
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ProTesT Settings and Worksheets
Protection Settings Calculated Settings Impedance Characteristic Modeling
Type Data
Macros and Worksheets
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
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ProTesT Settings tab
Protection Settings
Calculated Settings
Characteristics
Characteristic Data
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
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ProTesT Macro Worksheets
Source table Action table
Results t bl R lt table
Work table
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
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Developing Generic and Reusable Test Plans
Should cater for majority of relays and settings
T t at in-service relay settings Test t i i l tti
Should apply to various relay configurations
Element is Enabled or Disabled Direction is Forward, Reversed, Non-directional
Optimum Automation
Calculation of Relay Communications
Test Plans for:
Commissioning element testing and functional testing g g g Periodic Maintenance functional testing
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Developing Test Plans for Specific Relay Models
Start with Generic Relay Test Plans Map the Protection Settings to the Calculated Settings, using formulas g, g
= k0M1
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
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Developing Generic and Reusable Test Plans
Element and Functional Testing
Steady State (Static)Testing
Element testing Functional testing is possible Pickup (Ssimul, Ramp) Stat c Characteristics Static C a acte st cs Timing
Dynamic Testing
Functional testing Timing as affected by source impedance Characteristics? Mho expansion, directional line
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
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Demonstration
Generic Macros reference the Characteristic Data table and basic d D bl d b i data f from the C l l d h Calculated Settings table Add F Formulas t Ch l to Characteristic D t t reference t i ti Data to f the Calculated settings table Import or Add Protection Settings and Add Formulas to Calculated Settings Table to Reference the Protection Settings Import one or two sets of Protection Settings file and view effect on characteristics and macros.
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
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Demonstration
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
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Demonstration
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
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Maintenance Testing
Avoid Setting Changes (such as disabling elements, elements
changing output mapping that are used in actual operation)
Functional Testing g Use Dynamic Testing End-to-End Test (not covered in this presentation) ( p ) Transient Testing (not covered in this presentation) Other Tests (not covered in this presentation)
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
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Running Same Test Plan with Elements Disabled
Test Result will give No g Op for disabled Zones. Normal Results for Enabled Zones
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
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Other Test Plan Considerations
Importing Settings Files Pickup tests of current/voltage elements Effect of SEL negative-sequence directional elements on testing impedance characteristics; how to correctly test the relay with the directional y y elements. Testing the quad resistive settings
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
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Quad Characteristics
Use Loop Modeling
Quad Characteristics Demonstration
Automating characteristics calculation in ProTesT
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
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Quad Characteristics Demonstration
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
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SSIMUL Macro Worksheet
Calculate Current and Voltages Amplitudes and g p Phase Angles Calculate Ti C l l t Time Values
Add local variables
Work table
26
SSIMUL Macro Worksheet
Automate Macro Creation
Fault Calculations
Voltages Currents
Time information
Duration L/R time constant Expected times
More realistic dynamic testing
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
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SSIMUL Dynamic Timing Tests
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
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SSIMUL Dynamic Timing Tests
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
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Dynamic Mho Expansion
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
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Dynamic Mho Expansion
Memory Duration Load Encroachment
Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
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Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets
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