November 2, 2022
2
Chapter 1
Introduction
In LATEX we learn how to make books,articls,reports and most importantly as
you we are science student a reserch paper. We use this because we can make
complex equations in LATEX. We can also make any Graph in LATEX. These
are the advantages of LATEX over others programs.
1.1 Environment
A LATEX is a structure composed of two complementry commands,within
which some praticular job can be performed.
we can name a Environment anything by using.
First we will learn about latex environment,
\begin{environment_name}
\end{environment_name}
There are many types of environment you can use,like verbatim if you want to
write the latex code,itemize if you want to itemize the things and etc Now we
will learn about the Fonts,how we can write them and what are the different
types of fonts.
1.2 Package
The class (or type) of a document,incorporated through the backslash document
command,includes only basic features of latex. Many additional commands and
envirments are defined in seperate files,known as packages.
\usepackage{name of package}
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4 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
This is the general form of how you will use package.
Some packages are like amssymb: for producing AMS type mathematical sym-
bols,
amsmath:for using math operators,
graphix: for inserting the figure in our document.
1.3 Fonts
There are many types of fonts you can use in latex like
size
size
size
size
size
size
size
and there are types of things you can do like given below,
we use \textbf{TEXT} If we want some text to be bold. \\
we use \textit{TEXT} If we want some text to be italic. \\
we use \textsf{TEXT} If we want some text to be small font. \\
we use \emph{TEXt} If we want some text to be emph.
1.4 Quatation
For quoting texts within quotation marks,(’)may be used as the left quote and
(’)as the right quote(each twice for double quotation)
For quoting an existing statement in a narrowed witdh without any change,the
quote or quotation envirnoment may be used.
we use \lq for ’
we use \rq for ’
we use \lq\lq for "
we use \rq\rq for "
1.5 How to write equations
You can also write complex equations in latex using eqnarray environment,you
can write differential equations,physics equations and all the complex euations
you can write in latex using this eqnarray.
1.5. HOW TO WRITE EQUATIONS 5
Like
α1 − b3 β1 − γ1 = b3 B0
21 + µb3 β1 − 2µγ1 = −b3 B0
a3 β1 + γ1 − a3 δ1 = 0
µa3 β1 − 2µγ1 − a3 δ1 = 0
(1.1)
anf the latex code to this is
\alpha_{1}-b^3\beta_{1}-\gamma_{1}=b^3 B_{0} \nonumber \\
2\aplha_{1}+\mu b^3\beta_{1}-2\mu \gamma_{1}=-b^3B_{0} \nonumber \\
a^3\beta_{1}+\gamma_{1}-a^3\delta_{1}=0 \nonumber \\
\mu a^3\beta_{1}-2\mu\gamma_{1}-a^3\delta_{1}=0 \nonumber \\
and the other one is
21 Z ∞
e2
h i
A(ω) = eiωt n × [(n − β) × β̇]κ3
8π 2 c −∞ ret
1 R and its code is given below,
e2
eiω(t0 +[R(t0 )/e])
2 ∞ n×[(n−β)×β̇]
dtA(ω)= 8π 2c −∞ κ2
dt0
\begin{eqnarray}
A(\omega)={\left(}\frac{e^2}{8\pi^2c}{\right)}^\frac{1}{2} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{i\omega t}{\
A(\omega)={\left(}\frac{e^2}{8\pi^2c}{\right)}^\frac{1}{2} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{i\omega(t’+[
\end{eqnarray}
6 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
Chapter 2
Figure
2.1 Gnuplot
Gnuplot is used to drew graphs,plots in latex it can be used as type:plot[function]
at te gnuplot¿ prompt.
gnuplot has been one of the most popular open source programs for plotting
andvisualizing data. In this chapter we will learn how to use gnuplot to make
plots and graphs of your data:both quick and easy graphs for your own use and
highly polished graphs for presentations and publications.
And the code to this is,
Question 4
1.1
f(x)
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0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
y
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-15 -10 -5 0
x
7
8 CHAPTER 2. FIGURE
pi=3.1415
f(x)=2/pi-(4/pi)*((cos(2*x)/3)+(cos(4*x)/15)+(cos(6*x)/35))
pl [-18.8495:18.8495] f(x)
set term postscript enhance color
set xlabel "x"
set ylabel "y"
set title "Plot mentioned above "
set output "[Link]"
replot
