Name Shahzaib
Roll No 64
RECALLING ARGUMENTS!!
VALIDITY, SOUNDNESS, COGENCY & STRENGTH
LOGIC CLASS QUIZ BBA 6TH
A. The following arguments are deductive & Inductive. Determine whether each is valid/strong or
weak/invalid, and note the relationship between your answer and the truth or falsity of the
premises and conclusion. Finally, determine whether the argument is sound/cogent or
sound/unsound: e.g ans: (Invalid, unsound, true premise, true conclusion)
1. Since Moby brick was written by Shakespeare, and Moby Brick is a science fiction novel,
it follows that Shakespeare wrote a science fiction novel.
Ans. Strong argument, with true premise.
2. The longest river in South America is the Amazon, and the Amazon flows through Brazil.
Therefore, the longest river in South America fl ows through Brazil
Ans. Strong argument,with true conclusion
3. All leopards with lungs are carnivores. Therefore, all leopards are carnivores
Ans. Invalid agreement, with false conclusion
4. Every province in Canada has exactly one city as its capital. Therefore, since there are
thirty provinces in Canada, there are thirty provincial capitals. Ans.vaild argument, with
true conclusion.
5. Since some fruits are green, and some fruits are apples, it follows that some fruits are
green apples. Ans.unsound argument, with false premises.
6. The grave marker at Arlington National Cemetery says that John F. Kennedy is buried
there. It must be the case that Kennedy really is buried in that cemetery.
Ans. Strong argument, true premise
7. People have been listening to rock and roll music for over a hundred years. Probably
people will still be listening to it a year from now. Ans. strong argument, true premise
8. Coca-Cola is an extremely popular soft drink. Th erefore, probably someone,
somewhere, is drinking a Coke right this minute.
Ans. Strong argument, with true conclusion
B. Determine whether the following arguments are inductive or deductive. If an argument
is inductive, determine whether it is strong or weak. If it is deductive, determine
whether it is valid or invalid.
1. Circle A has exactly twice the diameter of circle B. From this we may conclude that
circle A has exactly twice the area of circle B.
Ans. Weak and inductive argument
2. This cash register drawer contains over 100 coins. Th ree coins selected at random
were found to have dates earlier than 1960. Th erefore, probably all of the coins in
the drawer have dates earlier than 1960.
Ans. Weak and inductive argument
3. Since x + y = 10, and x = 7, it follows that y = 4
Ans. Invaild and deductive argument
4. Statistics reveal that 86 percent of those who receive flu shots do not get the flu.
Jack received a flu shot one month ago. Th erefore, he should be immune, even
though the fl u is going around now.
Ans. Vaild and deductive argument
