REF-L10
ICE
MANUFACTURE
©Wanchai 29May2003
Ice Manufacture1
Basic types of fragmentary ice REF-L10
The basic types of fragmentary ice are flake, tubular,
and plate.
Application for manufactured ice are:
* Processing * Manufacturing
* Storage & transportation * Others
©Wanchai 29May2003
Ice Manufacture2
ICE MAKER REF-L10
Flake Ice
Flake ice is produced by applying water to the inside or
outside of a refrigerated drum or to the outside of a
refrigerated disk. Ice is produced continuously. The
thickness ranges from 1 to 4.5 mm. Rapid freezing of
water on the freezing surface entrains air in the flake
ice, giving it an opaque appearance.
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Ice Manufacture3
REF-L10
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Ice Manufacture4
REF-L10
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Ice Manufacture5
Tubular Ice REF-L10
Tubular ice is produced by freezing a falling film of
water either on the outside or inside of tubes.
Outside Tube: freezing cycle from 8 to 15 min.
Initial temp. -4C to terminal temp -12to -26C
Defrost cycle about 30 s
Operates with R-717, R-404, R-507, R-22
Capacity 9,000 kg per 24 h require 7.2 kW of
refrigeration per 1,000 kg ©Wanchai 29May2003
Ice Manufacture6
REF-L10
©Wanchai 29May2003
Ice Manufacture7
Tubular Ice REF-L10
Inside Tube: freezing cycle from 13 to 26 min.
D20-50 mm
Initial temp. -4C to terminal temp. -7to -20C
Operates with R-717, R-22, R-12
Capacity 60,000 kg per 24 h require 7.9 kW of
refrigeration per 1,000 kg
Tubular ice makers produce ice at higher suction
press. than other types & can make thick with clear ice.
©Wanchai 29May2003
Ice Manufacture8
Plate Ice REF-L10
Build ice on a flat vertical surface
Plate Ice: freezing cycle from 12 to 45 min.
thickness 6-20 mm
Refrigerant temp. -7to -21C
Plate ice can produce clear ice.
©Wanchai 29May2003
Ice Manufacture9
REF-L10
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Ice Manufacture10
Scale Formation REF-L10
Impurities & excessive hardness can cause scale to be
deposited on the freezing surface of the ice maker.
Impurities tend to remain in the excess or recirculated
water. A blowdown or bleedoff is required. Bleedoff
water may be passed through a heat exchanger to
precool incoming makeup water.
©Wanchai 29May2003
Ice Manufacture11
ICE STORAGE REF-L10
Ice is produced and stored using lower off-peak power
rate. The use of ice is generally not at a constant rate
but on a batch basis. Ice must stored & recovered from
storage on demand.
Short-term storage: for 1 day’s ice production,
refrigeration units not required
Prolonged ice storage:require refrigerated,
airtight, insulated storage bin. limit bin depth 3 to 3.5 m
©Wanchai 29May2003
Ice Manufacture12
ICE RAKE & LIVE BOTTOM BINS REF-L10
The ice rake system is used for 10 to 300 Mg capacity.
Tow basic types: complete unit, insulated enclosure
The deeper the ice is stored, the greater the pressure on
the ice near the bottom. The ice near the bottom tends
to fuse together faster. Selection of belt material
carrying the ice in order to prevent ice from sticking to
the belt. Particle fusion may results in ice bridges
forming over the top of the screws; then the screws will
bore holes in the ice rather than empty the bin.
Ice Manufacture13
©Wanchai 29May2003
REF-L10
©Wanchai 29May2003
Ice Manufacture14
DELIVERY SYSTEM REF-L10
The location of ice manufacture is rarely the location of
ice usage.
Use a conveying system: screws, belts, or pneumatic sy
Improper design: fines, freeze-up & ice jam
Screw & Belt Conveyors: Screw conveyors are the
most popular with 150, 230 & 300 mm dia. screws
Mesh belts allow snow and excess water to fall through.
SS, galvanized s, or high-density polyethylene are
commonly used for belting.
Ice Manufacture15
©Wanchai 29May2003
Pneumatic Ice Conveying REF-L10
Pneumatic system is advantageous when delivery
stations are in different direction or at different
elevations, when delivery through a pressure hose is
needed, or flexibility for future changes or addition.
Delivery rate: 2.5 and 10 kg/s for distance up to 180 m
For high ambient & wet-bulb temp requiring higher
conveying press., cool & dehumidify pneumatic air
before used.
©Wanchai 29May2003
Ice Manufacture16
REF-L10
©Wanchai 29May2003
Ice Manufacture17
Slurry Pumping REF-L10
The slurry mix is appro. 50% water & 50% ice.
Delivery distance: 250 m with 15kg/s of slurry mix
Usage: concrete cooling, chemical processing
The slurry is kept moving all times, and the possibility
of ice blockage in the lines is minimized. The temp. of
the slurry solution in the tank is maintained at 0C. The
ice solidifies as the water drains from the container.
©Wanchai 29May2003
Ice Manufacture18
Commercial Ice REF-L10
Commercial ice is primarily used for human
consumption (called packaged or consumer ice)
Produce by plate or tube maker since clear appearance.
Packaging: ice bagger & bag closer by mass or volume.
Because the shape and size of ice is not constant, the
volumetric chamber is set to 3 to 5% overage by vol. It
is important to keep the storage temp. between -12 and -
4C.
©Wanchai 29May2003
Ice Manufacture19
