GE1 UNDERSTANDING THE SELF BSN1 -C

INSTRUCTOR: JEVAH MAE PIAMONTE

PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF ARISTOTLE

“the soul is the essence of the self”
PHILOSOPHY
“love of wisdom • a student of plato
The skills are: • the body and soul are not two separate
• Critical Thinking elements but are one thing
• Argument Skills • the soul is simply the form of the body, and is
• Communication not capable of existing without the body
• Reasoning • the soul makes a person a person
• Analysis • without the body, the soul cannot exist. the soul
• Problem Solving dies along with the body

PHYTAGORAS – the first to use the term philosophy kinds of soul

VEGETATIVE - includes the physical body that can
SOCRATES grow
“know thyself” SENTIENT - includes sensual desires, feelings and
“an unexamined life is not worth living” emotions
• every man is dualistic RATIONAL - is what makes man human. It includes
the intellect that makes man know and understand things
composed of BODY and SOUL
2 important aspects of his personhood: ST. AUGUSTINE
 BODY (imperfect and impermanent) “I am doubting therefore I am”
 SOUL (perfect and permanent) • Integrated the ideas of Plato and Christianity
• Augustine’s view of the human person reflects
Socrates’ two dichotomous realms the entire spirit of the medieval world
PHYSICAL REALM • The soul is united with the body so that man
 changeable, transient, and imperfect may be entire and complete
 the body belongs to the realm • Believed humankind is created in the image and
IDEAL REALM likeness of God
 unchanging, eternal, and immortal
 The soul belongs to the realm RENE DESCARTES
“I think therefore I am”
Socrates was the first thinker to focus on the full power The act of thinking about self-of being self-conscious- is
of reason on the human self: who we are, who we in itself proof that there is self
should be, and who we will become
• the soul strives for wisdom and perfection, and JOHN LOCKE
reason is the soul’s tool to achieve an exalted “the self is consciousness”
state of life  The human mind at birth is tabula rasa or blank
• our preoccupation with bodily needs such as slate
food, drink, sex, pleasure, material possessions
 He felt that the self is constructed primarily from
and wealth keep us from attaining wisdom.
sense experiences
• a person can have a meaningful and happy life
only if he became virtuous and knows the value
of himself that can be achieved through constant DAVID HUME
soul-searching. “there is no self”
 All we know about ourselves are just bundle of
PLATO temporary impressions
“the soul is immortal”  As long as we only derive our knowledge from
• a student of socrates sense impressions, there will never be the self
• philosophy of the self can be explained as a
process of self-knowledge and purification of IMMANUEL KANT
the soul “we construct the self”
• he believed in the existence of the MIND and  Self is always transcendental
SOUL  Ideas are perceived by the self- connecting the
• mind and soul are given in perfection with god self and the world
 The space and time belong to us
the soul has 3 parts
RATIONAL SOUL SIGMUND FREUD
 reason and intellect “the I will never be the same and will continue to change
 divine essence that enables us to think deeply, overtime”
make wise choices, and achieve a true  Regarded the self as the “I” that ordinarily
understanding of eternal truths constitutes both the mental and physical actions
SPIRITED SOUL  “I” is a product of multiple interacting processes
 emotion and passion —Topographical & Structural Model
 basic emotions such as love, anger,
ambition, empathy and aggressiveness TOPOGRAPHICAL MODEL
APPETITIVE SOUL
 individual person may both know and do not
 basic needs
know certain things at the same time.
 includes our biological needs such as hunger,
 “I” is divided into two—conscious and
thirst, and sexual desire
unconscious

PREPARED BY: SUEZANNE GABON

GE1 UNDERSTANDING THE SELF BSN1 -C
INSTRUCTOR: JEVAH MAE PIAMONTE

STRUCTURAL MODEL
 self is represented in three different agencies—
id, ego, superego
 Powerful command center or the unifying
agency does not exist

GILBERT RYLE
“The self is the way people behave”
• the thinking I is just a “ghost in the machine”
• the mind is never separate from the body
• physical actions or behaviors are dispositions of
the self.

PAUL CHURCHLAND
“the self is the brain”
• the self is inseparable from the brain and the
physiology of the body
• the physical brain and not the imaginary mind,
gives us our sense of self
• if the brain is gone, there is no self

PREPARED BY: SUEZANNE GABON