Department of Education

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SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE

MAPEH 10
UNIT III: CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE MUSIC

According to National Artist Ramon Santos, PhD, “contemporary music in

the Philippines refers to compositions that have adopted ideas and elements from
20th century art music in the west, as well as the latest trends and musical styles in
the entertainment industry.”
The modern Filipino repertoire consists of musical pieces that have been
written in 20th century idioms that have evolved out of such stylistic movements as
impressionism, expressionism, neo-classicism, as well as avant garde and new music.

20th CENTURY TRADITIONAL COMPOSERS

With Spain and then America having colonized the Philippines from the early
1500s to the late 1800s, it was unavoidable that Western compositional techniques
found their way into the works of Filipino composers. Yet, even 20th century Filipino
composers have managed to retain some traditional elements in their assimilation
of Western techniques. In fact, they have become the strongest foundations of what
we now know as Philippine music.
Among the major Philippine contemporary composers are Francisco
Buencamino Sr., Francisco Santiago, Nicanor Abelardo, Antonio Molina, Hilarion
Rubio, Col. Antonino Buenaventura, Rodolfo Cornejo, Lucio San Pedro, Rosendo
Santos Jr., Alfredo Buenaventura, and Ryan Cayabyab.

A. FRANCISCO B. BUENCAMINO SR. (1883 – 1952)

Francisco Buencamino taught at the Ateneo

de Manila, and at Centro Escolar de Señoritas whose
Conservatory of Music he founded. He also created
the Buencamino Music Academy in 1930 where
Nicanor Abelardo was one of his students.
Expanding his career, he ventured into musical
directing and scoring, and composing film music for
Sampaguita Pictures, LVN, and Excelsior.

Buencamino’s compositions :
Harana, Pandanggo ni Neneng, Collar de Sampaguita,
Dulces las Horas, Mayon (Fantasia de Concierto), My Soul’s
Lament, Larawan, Mazurka, Boholana, Mi Bandera, Princesa
ng Kumintang, Maligayang Bati

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Buencamino’s piano works have become a staple part of the Philippine
repertoire of today’s young students,especially Mayon, Larawan, and Maligayang
Bati. He passed away on October 16, 1952 after which a posthumous award honored
him with the title “Outstanding Composer.”

B. Francisco Santiago (1889 – 1947)

Francisco Santiago is known as the “Father of the

Kundiman” and belongs to the “Triumvirate of Filipino
Composers.” He finished his music specialization at the
American Conservatory of Music in Chicago, where he
obtained his Doctorate Degree in 1924
Santiago’s music was Romantic in style,
incorporating Western forms and techniques with folk
materials. He composed several works such as kundiman,
symphonies, piano concertos, and other music pieces for
the piano, violin, and voice.

Santiago;s famous works:

Pakiusap, Madaling Araw, Sakali Man, Hibik ng Pilipinas, Ano Kaya ang
Kapalaran, and Kundiman (Anak Dalita). This piece was sung before the Royal Court
of Spain upon the request of King Alfonso II.
He was also a musical director for films. Among the films whose music he
supervised are Kundiman, Leron Leron Sinta, Madaling Araw, Manileña, and the
movie inspired by his own composition Pakiusap. He became the first Filipino
Director of the UP Conservatory of Music

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C. NICANOR ABELARDO (1893 – 1934)

Nicanor Abelardo developed a style that

combined European romanticism with
chromaticism. He belongs to the “Triumvirate of
Filipino Composers” together with Francisco
Santiago and Antonio Molina. The Tanghalang
Nicanor Abelardo (Main Theater) of the Cultural
Center of the Philippines and the Abelardo Hall of
the College of Music, University of the Philippines
are named after him. Antonio Molina came to be
known as the “Father of Philippine Impressionist
Music,” while composer Lucio San Pedro integrated
indigenous musical forms, conventions, and
instruments in his works in the modern nationalistic
style

Abelardo’s best-known compositions

✓ Mutya ng Pasig
✓ Nasaan Ka Irog
✓ Cavatina for Violoncello
✓ Magbalik Ka Hirang

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D. ANTONIO J. MOLINA (1894 – 1980) National Artist for Music

Antonio Molina, the first National Artist for Music,

is considered one of the “Triumvirate of Filipino Composers”
which includes Nicanor Abelardo and Francisco Santiago. He
began his music career as an orchestral soloist at the Manila
Grand Opera House.

He served as Dean of the Centro Escolar University

Conservatory of Music from 1948 to 1970. He was also a
faculty member of the University of the Philippines’
Conservatory (now College) of Music.

Molina was a product of both the Romantic and Impressionist

schools of thought. He was fascinated by the dynamics and harmonies of
Debussy, but retained much of the Romantic style in his melody. A
characteristically impressionist work is his piano work Malikmata
(Transfiguration). The mysteriously exotic chords of this piece gradually lead
to a lyrical melody, with the traditional harmonies abruptly returning to the
initial mood. Molina wrote several compositions for piano, violin, and voice
as well as a Spanish-style opera form known as the zarzuela. He is best
known for his poignantly romantic serenade for violin and piano Hatinggabi.

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Molina’s best-known compositions

✓ Hatinggabi a poignantly romantic serenade for violin and piano

✓ Misa Antoniana
✓ Grand Festival Mass
✓ Ang Batingaw
✓ Kundiman-Kundangan
✓ Kung sa Iyong Gunita
✓ Pandangguhan

Vocal Music
✓ Amihan
✓ Awit ni Maria Clara
✓ Larawan Nitong Pilipinas
He received the National Artist for Music award in 1973. He passed
away on January 29, 1980.

E. HILARION RUBIO Y FRANCISCO (1902 – 1985)

Hilarion Rubio was a Filipino composer,

music teacher, conductor, and clarinetist. His name
was closely identified with his works for the
orchestra, conductor for opera, ballet, dance
recitals, and music for movies. Rubio became a
member of several orchestras. He performed with
various movie house bands and orchestras

Rubio’s compositions includes: Bulaklaken, Theme and Variations for Band,

Dance of the Nymphs Rondo, Florente at Laura (overture), Halik, Danza, Unang
Katas, Twopart Invention (piano), Ang Konsyerto (ballet), Ang Magsasaka, Bukang

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Liwayway, Concertino in C (marimba and piano), Filipinas Kong Mahal, Hatulan Mo
Ako, Ginintuang Araw, In a Tropical Sea, Light, Narra, Mutya ng Silangan, To the
Filipino Youth, Nela, National Heroes Day Hymn, and Salamisim. He passed away on
December 28, 1985.

F. COL. ANTONINO BUENAVENTURA (1904 – 1996) National Artist for Music

Col. Antonino Buenaventura was a renowned
composer, conductor, and teacher. Col. Buenaventura
further developed his musical abilities at the Conservatory
of Music, University of the Philippines (UP) at the age of 19.
Buenaventura was actively involved with the various
military bands which ultimately earned him his military rank
of Colonel. He was a music instructor and band conductor of
the Philippine Military Academy (PMA). Later, he restored
the Philippine Constabulary Band in 1945, which was
reputedly likened to a symphony orchestra. It was
considered as “one of the best military bands in the world.”
It would later be renamed the Philippine Army Band. He also
founded the San Pablo Music Academy in Laguna.
He promoted Philippine music by extensively using folk materials in his
works. He recorded folk and dance music around the country with Ramon Tolentino
and National Artist for Dance Francisca Reyes Aquino. Buenaventura composed the
music and did the notations for the folk dances as researched by Aquino.

Buenaventura’s compositions:
Minuet, Mindanao Sketches, Divertimento for Piano and Orchestra,
Variations and Fugue, and Greetings based on Philippine folk music. Pandanggo sa
Ilaw, (one of his most popular compositions, remains a favorite performance
repertoire of many folk dance companies.) He was declared National Artist for Music
in 1988 and passed away in 1996.

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E. RODOLFO S. CORNEJO (1909 – 1991)

Rodolfo S. Cornejo was considered “the first Filipino composer who received
an honorary degree from a government recognized music school in the United
States.” He was known for his “pianistic and compositional talent” by extemporizing
a piano composition at the spur of the moment.
He performed on stage after only two years
of music studies. During this time, he was also invited
as organist of the Pasay Catholic Church. His first
composition at age 10 was a piano piece entitled
Glissando Waltz. It was followed three years later by
a military march entitled Salute. At the age of 14, 26
of Cornejo’s compositions were already listed by the
United Publishing Company Inc.
He was appointed by then President Manuel
L. Quezon. He was commissioned to write a
symphony and an opera and compose the music for
the documentary film on President Quezon’s funeral.
He served as pianistdirector of a USO concert unit that entertained the Allied Forces
at the E.T.O., the Marianas, and the Hawaiian Islands during World War II. He
appeared as composer-conductor at the Seattle Opera House and the Seattle
Playhouse. He is listed in “The International Who’s Who in Music.”

Cornejo’s compositional outputs:

A la Juventud Filipina, Bailes de Ayer, Caprice on a Folksong, Cello
Sonata, Ibong Adarna, Kandingan, Malakas at Maganda, Overture,
Okaka, Oriental Fantasy, Ibong Adarna, Piano Concerto Nos. 1,2,3, Ruby,
and Song of the Miners.

G. FELIPE P. DE LEON SR. (1912-1992) National Artist for Music

Felipe P. de Leon Sr. wrote piano compositions,
hymns, marches, art songs, chamber music, symphonic
poems, overtures, band muic, school songs, orchestral
works, operas, kundimans and zarsuelas. He was known as a
nationalist composer who expressed the Philippines' cultural
identity through his compositions
He was known as a nationalist composer who
expressed the Philippines' cultural identity through his
compositions. Two operas which are considered his
masterpieces are the Noli Me Tangere (1957) and El
Filibusterismo (1970). These two operas have been staged in
the Philippines and abroad. He also wrote a march during
the Japanese regime entitled Tindig, Aking Inang Bayan, and another march Bagong
Lipunan during the martial law. He wrote the popular Christmas carols Payapang
Daigdig (1946), Noche Buena, and Pasko Na Naman, both in 1965. Felipe de Leon
received a posthumous award as National Artist for Music in 1997.

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H. LUCIO SAN PEDRO (1913 – 2002) National Artist for Music

San Pedro is known as a “Romantic
nationalist.” He incorporated Philippine folk
elements in his compositions with Western forms
and harmony. His chords have a rich expressive
tonality, as represented in his well-loved Sa Ugoy
ng Duyan, a lullaby melody sung by his mother.
His musical prowess was internationally
recognized when he was invited to be a judge at the
prestigious Van Cliburn International Piano
Competition in 1980. He was declared National
Artist for Music in 1991.

Compositions of Lucio San Pedro

✓ Suite Pastorale (1956) orchestral compositions a poetic aural
description of his hometown Angono
✓ Lahing Kayumanggi (1962) a nationalistic symphonic poem.

I. ROSENDO E. SANTOS JR. (1922 – 1994)

At age 11, he started composing band
marches, instrumental, and vocal scores, as well as
music for Catholic masses. Rosendo Santos Jr. is
listed in the “New Groves Dictionary of Music and
Musicians.” A prolific composer, his works include
concerti, sonatas, symphonies, symphonic poems,
five operas in Philippine dialect, numerous band
overtures, and more than 200 marches. He wrote 50
masses in Latin and 20 in English. He has more than
1,000 musical compositions in the library of the
University of the Philippines.Santos’ last musical
work and only ballet composition, Melinda’s
Masquerade, was performed in 1995.
As a UNESCO scholar, Santos was awarded the “Philippine Composer of
the Century” after receiving the “Composer of the Year Award” in Manila in
1956 and 1957. He joined the faculty at Wilkes University, Pennsylvania in 1968.
He performed as timpanist, pianist, and conductor with several orchestral
groups. He conducted church choirs in Maryland, New Jersey, Lehman,
Huntsville, and Shavertown United Methodist Churches in Pennsylvania, USA. He
composed the background music for J. Arthur Rank Films at Pinewood Studios in
London, England, where he worked with British composers Malcolm Arnold and
Muir Mathieson. Among Santos’ teachers were famous composers Aaron
Copland, Irving Fine, Humphrey Searle, and conductor Norman Del Mar.

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J. ALFREDO S. BUENAVENTURA(1929- )
Alfredo Buenaventura is among the few composers
in the Philippines who composed five full-length operas. He
has his own set of ideas about music and composition. He
created a combination of contemporary and conventional,
kept his melodies simple and understandable, but he used
contemporary harmonies to suit the intellectuals
A prolific composer, Buenaventura has composed
over 50 major works including five full-length operas,
operettas, dance dramas, cantatas, symphonies, concertos,
ballets, overtures, prelude, fugues, and chamber music. His
compositions and other creative works have transcended territorial, racial, and
language barriers as these have been performed abroad by international virtuosi
and religious groups. Many of his compositions are based on Filipino heroes,
legends, and epics. He uses native songs, both tribal and folk, as themes of his
music compositions. A number of his compositions are accompanied by Filipino
indigenous instruments

Buenaventura’s some major works:

The operas Maria Makiling (1961), Diego Silang (1966), Prinsesa Urduha
(1969), cantatas Ang Ating Watawat(1965), Pasko ng Barangay (1964), three
piano concertos subtitled Celebration, Determination, and Exultation, an
symphonies such as Dakilang Lahi (1971), Gomburza (1981), and Rizal, the
Great Malayan Antagonist (1990). His minor works numbering more than 50
cover mostly religious songs and hymns for specific celebrations such as the
Sixteenth Centenary of St. Augustine, Mass for the 400th Year of the
Augustinian Recollect, and the Philippine Music Festival.

K. CIPRIANO “RYAN” CAYABYAB (1954 – )

Ryan Cayabyab is a popular

contemporary composer who also has
classical compositions to his credit, such as
Misa, Four Poems for Soprano and Piano,
and Te Deum. His compositional style makes
much use of syncopation, extended chords,
and chromatic harmony.

Among his numerous compositions are the award-winning

a. Kay Ganda ng Ating Musika (1978),
b. Alikabok (2003) the modern zarzuela
c. The opera Spoliarium with libretto by Fides Cuyugan-Asensio
d. Dakilang Lahi (1971) symphonieS
e. Gomburza (1981)
f. Rizal, the Great Malayan Antagonist (1990).

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NEW MUSIC COMPOSERS

A. JOSE MACEDA (1917 – 2004) National Artist for Music

Jose Maceda’s musical style shifted when

he encountered the music of the indigenous tribes
of Mindoro in 1953. He then embarked on his life’s
work, dedicated to the understanding and
preservation of Filipino traditional music. His
extensive research and fieldwork resulted in an
immense collection of recorded music taken from
the remote mountain villages and far-flung inland
communities in the Philippines. Although his
compositional approach tended to be Western in style, Maceda combined
sounds of the environment with ethnic instruments. His compositions were
usually for large groups of musicians.
.Among his works are
✓ Ugma-Ugma (1963), a work for voice and ethnic instruments;
✓ Agungan(1975), a piece for six gong families;
✓ Pagsamba (1968), a musical ritual for a circular auditorium using
several ethnic percussion instruments;
✓ Cassettes 100 (1971), a composition for 100 cassette tape recorders;
✓ Ugnayan (1974), an ethnic piece played at the same time over
several radio stations.

Considered as the first Filipino avant garde composer, he also worked

at a recording studio in Paris in 1958 which specialized in musique concrète.
He was conferred the honor of National Artist for Music in 1997. He passed
away in Manila on May 5, 2004.

UDLOT-UDLOT (Excerpt) Jose Maceda

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B. LUCRECIA R. KASILAG (1918 – 2008) National Artist for Music

Lucrecia Kasilag’s compositional style

demonstrated a fusion of Eastern and Western
styles in using instruments, melody, harmony, and
rhythm. She is particularly known for incorporating
indigenous Filipino instruments into orchestral
productions. She was the President and Music
Director of the Bayanihan Dance Company. She also
served as Chairman of the Asian Composers’ League
and the League of Filipino Composers. she was conferred the title of
National Artist for Music in 1989.

Among Kasilag’s many compositions

✓ Toccata for Percussion and Winds (1959), composed for indigenous
Muslim instruments and Western instruments;
✓ The Legend of the Sarimanok(1963), composed for chamber
orchestra and Philippine ethnic instruments;
✓ Divertissement and Concertante(1960), compositions for piano and
orchestra combining Western and Eastern forms, harmonies, and
intervals;
✓ Dularawan (1969), a musical drama combining a dance solo with a
chorus and an ethnic orchestra. Her other works include
compositions for piano, instrumental ensemble, and chorus.

DIVERTISSEMENT (EXCERPT)
Lucrecia R. Kasilag
Edited

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C. JERRY DADAP (1935 – )
The first Filipino composer to conduct his own
works at the CarnegieRecital Hall in New York City. He
taught composition, ear training, and orchestration at the
Sta. Isabel College of Music in Manila. His major works as
composer-conductor were performed at the concert “LAHI”
that featured works by local major composers.

Some of Dadap’s compositions:

• The passionate and the Wild (1960)
• Managmunyo I (1976)
• The Redemption (!974)

D. FRANCISCO F. FELICIANO (1942 – 2014) National Artist for Music

Francisco F. Feliciano, avant garde
composer and conductor for band and chorus. He is
one of Asia’s leading figures in liturgical music,
having composed hundreds of liturgical pieces, mass
settings, hymns, and songs for worship. At the Asian
Institute for Liturgy and Music, a school for church
musicians which he founded, he supervised the
publication of a new Asian hymnal containing
mostly works of Asian composers.
Feliciano composed more than 30 major works, including the
musical dramas Sikhay sa Kabila ng Paalam, Ashen Wings, and the
monumental three-act opera La Loba Negra (1984). He also wrote music for
the orchestra such as Prelude and Toccata (1973), Fragments(1976), Life of
Wartime Filipino Hero Jose Abad Santos, and the ballet Yerma (1982).

E. RAMON P. SANTOS (1941 – ) National Artist for Music

Ramon P. Santos was born in Pasig on February 25,
1941. He completed his Bachelor of Music degree at the
College of Music, University of the Philippines. He finished
his Master of Music degree at Indiana University, USA. He
received his Doctor of Philosophy degree in Composition at
the State University of New York, USA. He had also pursued
graduate studies in Ethnomusicology at theUniversity of
Illinois, USA.

Santos’ compositional style features chromaticism, music seria, and

electronic components, combined with indigenous Philippine music
elements. His works includes:
✓ Ding Ding Nga Diyawa

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✓ Nabasag na Banga at Iba’t iba pang Pinag-ugpong-ugpong
na Pananalita sa Wikang Pilipino para sa Labing Anim na
Tinig
✓ L’BAD
He was conferred the title of National Artist for Music in 2014

F. JOSEFINO J. TOLEDO (1959- )

Josefino “Chino” Toledo is a recognized
figure in the Asian contemporary art music scene.
He is the founding music director of the Metro
Manila Community Orchestra, the UP Festival
Orchestra, and the Crosswave Symphony Orchestra.
He is noted for conducting the premiere
performances of the works of Filipino composers as
well as other Asian composers. His own music has
been performed by well-known international artists
and ensembles.
His own music, including works for chorus, orchestra, chamber
ensemble, solo instrument, and music theater have been performed by well-
known international artists and ensembles.

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G. JONAS BAES (1961 – )
Jonas Baes, Associate Professor in
Composition and Theory,
ethnomusicologist, cultural activist, and
writer, has explored innovative territories
and unusual musical treatments in his
works.
Baes is known for writing music
utilizing unorthodox musical instruments
such as beanpod rattles, leaves, iron-nail
chimes, and various Asian instruments such
as bamboo scrapers, bamboo flutes, and vocal music using Asian vocal techniques.
His early works in the 1980s were influenced by Maceda in the use of large numbers
of performers
Some of Baes’ musical compositions include:
✓ Imagined Community, after Benedict Anderson for four bamboo
scrapers, bamui trail caller, sarunai for oboe, khaen for mouth
organ, and about a hundred iron nail chimes distributed among the
audience 1997/2001;
✓ WALA (Nothingness) for seven or hundreds of men’s voices
1997/2001;
✓ DALUY (Flow) interval music for five animator-percussionists and
about a hundred bird whistles distributed among the audience,
1994;
✓ IBO-IBON (birdwoman) for dancer wearing small bells, two large
wind chimes passed around the audience, four animator- callers,
and iron nail chimes played by the audience (1996);
✓ SALAYSAY, for solo voice, three percussionists, and pairs of pebbles
distributed among the audience;
✓ PATANGIS- BUWAYA (and the crocodile weeps) for four sub-
contrabass recorders or any blown instruments 2003;
✓ PANTAWAG (music for calling people) for 15 bamboo scrapers, 15
palm leaves, and 20 muffled “forest” voices 1981;
✓ BASBASAN (blessing) for 20 bean-pod rattles and 20 muffled men’s
voices 1983.

Baes received the Gawad Chancellor para sa Pinakamakusay na

Mananaliksik (Hall of Fame, 2003) from the University of the Philippines.
He is currently an Associate Professor in Composition and Theory at the UP
College of Music as well as an ethnomusicologist, cultural activist, and
writer.

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SONG COMPOSERS

A. LEVI CELERIO (1910 – 2002) National Artist for Literature and Music
He received numerous awards for his
musical achievements in film.Prolific lyricist and
composer Levi Celerio was named National Artist for
Music and Literature in 1997. Also a violinist, he had
written the lyrics for over 4,000 songs in his lifetime,
including many for film. A great number of
kundimans and Filipino love songs have lyrics
written by him, most notable of which are Dahil sa
Iyo, Buhat, and Ang Pasko ay Sumapit.
Celerio was known for creating music with a mouth-blown leaf. His achievements
include a citation in the Guinness Book of World Records for being the only person
to make music with a mouth-blown leaf.

Famous compositions of Levi Celerio

✓ Ang Pipit (music by Lucio D. San Pedro)
✓ Bagong Pagsilang (music by Felipe Padilla de Leon)
✓ Sa Ugoy ng Duyan (music by Lucio D. San Pedro)
✓ Misa de Gallo (music by J. Balita)
✓ Itik-itik (folk song)
✓ Tinikling (folk song)

B. CONSTANCIO DE GUZMAN (1903 – 1982)

He grew up in Manila where he studied piano and
composition under Nicanor Abelardo.
Acknowledged as the “Dean of Filipino Movie
Composers and Musical Directors,” De Guzman became the
music director of movie production companies like
Sampaguita, LVN, Royal, Excelsior, Lea, and Tagalog Ilang-
Ilang Productions. His “unexpected” hit music, Panaginip,
paved the way for him to record hundreds of songs,
principally under Villar and Columbia Records.

Famous compositions of Constancio De Guzman

✓ Ang Bayan Ko and Kung Kita’y Kapiling won the gold medal at the
Paris International Fair
✓ Bayan Ko was later adopted as the symbolic song of the People
Power Movement of 1986. The same song won for him the Awit
Award for Best Filipino Lyricist.
✓ Babalik Ka Rin
✓ Ang Tangi Kong Pag-ibig
✓ Birheng Walang Dambana
✓ Maalaala Mo Kaya
✓ Sa Piling Mo

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C. MIGUEL “MIKE” VELARDE JR. (1913 – 1986)

Mike Velarde Jr. was a composer,
conductor, and musical director. He composed the
popular song Dahil Sa Iyo in 1938. In 1975 the
Philippine Government Cultural Association
awarded him the Cultural Achievement Award in
Popular Music. He received the Gawad CCP Para Sa
Sining in 1986.
Velarde created his own style as he
composed highly melodious and romantic songs
such as Ikaw, Lahat ng Araw, Habang Buhay,
Minamahal Kita , Ikaw ay Akin, and Dahil Sa Iyo.

D. SANTIAGO SUAREZ (1901-1964)

Santiago Suarez was an accomplished composer of
traditional Filipino love songs. His popular works include
Dungawin Mo Hirang, Bakya Mo Neneng, Caprichosa, Sa
Libis ng Nayon, and Kataka-tak.
Suarez’s compositions are a mixture of the soulful
kundiman style and the lively strains of the countryside. The
melodies are tonal and catchy, while the rhythms follow the
regular meter with minimal tempo changes. His harmonies
follow the traditional classical progression, making his
compositions easy to understand without the complexities
of form and structure.
Some of Suarez’ works are quite popular and heard even with today’s
classical singers, pop singers, and choral groups. They include the following:
Ligaya Ko, Pandanggo ni Neneng, Dungawin mo Hirang, Bakya Mo Neneng,
Caprichosa, Sa Libis ng Nayon, Harana, Kataka-taka, Labandera Ko, Lakambini,
Kamia, Ikaw ang Buhay

E. RESTITUTO “RESTIE” A. UMALI (1916-1998)

Restie Umali was a composer, teacher, and
musical arranger. He arranged the Philippine
national anthem and the local classic Kataka-taka
for the Boston Pops Orchestra when it performed
for the Philippine Independence Night in Boston in
1972. He wrote a total of more or less120 movie
theme songs. He composed more than 250 scores
for movies which was capped by a Universal Pictures
production of No Man Is An Island starred by Jeffrey
Hunter and Barbara Perez.
His musical scores for the movies Sa Bawat Pintig ng Puso (1964),
Pinagbuklod ng Langit (1969), Mga Anghel na Walang Langit (1970), and
Ang Alamat (1972) won for him “Best Musical Score” honors at the Filipino
Academy of Movies Arts and Sciences (FAMAS Awards). He also garnered

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the “Best Music Awards” for Bitter-Sweet at the 1969 Manila Film Festival
andAng Agila at Ang Araw at the 1973 Olongapo Film Festival.
Among Umali’s most popular songs are Saan Ka Man Naroroon,
Alaala ng Lumipas, Ang Pangarap Ko’y Ikaw, Sa Libis ng Barrio, Di Ka Nag-
iisa,and Paano Kita Lilimutin

F. ANGEL M. PEṄA ( 1921-2014)

Angel Peña is a classical and jazz composer,
musical arranger, and bass player. He is widely
considered by modern Filipino jazz musicians as
“one of the founders of traditional jazz in
the Philippines.”
In 1959, the University of Santo Tomas
launched a national symphonic composition contest
open to Filipino composers. Peña’s entry Igorot
Rhapsody won first prize the following year. Since then, he moved
effortlessly between the jazz and classical idioms. Peña auditioned for the
Honolulu Symphony Orchestra. He was immediately accepted as bassist and
later as arranger in 1969. He would spend the next 28 years in Hawaii,
where he continued to write his own music.
In 1998, a House Resolution from the State of Hawaii’s House of
Representatives was passed to honor Peña for his contributions in the field
of music as a world renowned jazz musician, musical arranger, and Hawaii’s
own living classical composer. The Jazz Society of the Philippines-USA
further gave him a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Third Annual Fil-Am
Jazz Festival in Hollywood. Pena passed away on December 22, 2014.

G. ERNANI J. CUENCO (1936-1988) National Artists for Music

Ernani Cuenco was a composer, film scorer,
musical director, and music teacher. He was hailed
as a National Artist in Music in 1999. His works
embody the Filipino sense of musicality. The
classical sound of the kundiman is evident in some
of his ballads.
Cuneco’s compositions are popular and
well-loved, especially Gaano Ko Ikaw Kamahal and
Bato sa Buhangin which he composed for films in
honor of his wife. Aside from these signature pieces,
Cuenco’s other songs include Nahan, Kahit na
Magtiis, Diligin Mo ng Hamog ang Uhaw na Lupa,
Pilipinas, Inang Bayan, Isang Dalangin, and Kalesa.

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H. GEORGE CANSECO (1934 – 2004)
Canseco was considered as “a nationally acclaimed
composer of numerous popular classics.” He was
commissioned by Former First Lady Imelda R. Marcos to
compose a national tribute hymn entitled Ako Ay Pilipino (I
Am A Filipino). He wrote the classic Kapantay Ay Langit,
theme from the award- winning motion picture of the same
title, sung by Amapola. Its English version entitled You’re All
I Love containing some Tagalog lyrics was sung by American
singer Vic Dana. The song won the Manila Film Festival “Best
Song of the Year Award” in 1972.
One of his best-known compositions was Child, the English-language version
of Freddie Aguilar’s signature song Anák. He wrote songs for the country’s
top popular singers such as Sharon Cuneta, Basil Valdez, Regine Velasquez,
Zsa Zsa Padilla, Pilita Corrales, Martin Nievera, and Kuh Ledesma.
His legacy as a composer include approximately 120 song titles
including Ikaw, Kailangan Kita Dito Ba, Hiram, Tubig at Langis Hanggang sa
Dulo ng WalangHangganSinasamba Kita, Kastilyong Buhangin, Minsan Pa
Nating Hagkan ang Nakaraan, Ngayon at Kailanman, Saan Darating ang
Umaga, Sana Bukas Pa ang Kahapon, Dear Heart, Gaano Kadalas ang Minsan,
Paano kita Mapapasalamatan
Kahapon Lamang

I. LEOPIDO R. SILOS SR. (1925-2015)

Leopoldo Silos Sr. was a composer, singer, and
musical arranger. He composed and recorded romantically
soulful songs. He was the award winning musical director of
the television musical Aawitan Kita
Accordingly, the music of Silos touches the
sentiment quite deeply. His lyrical melodies are
complemented by exotic harmonies. His melodies were
made more appealing through their extended chords,
diminished intervals, and secondary dominants. Thus, that
enriched the otherwise basic chordal patterns accompanying a tonal melody.
Although not as widely performed as other mainstream love songs and kundimans,
his music always impresses the listener with its melodic sincerity and elegantly
crafted accompaniments.
The other notable compositions of Silos include Aling Kutsero, Ay Anong
Saklap, Basta’t Mahal Kita, Diyos Lamang ang Nakakaalam, Hindi Ko Malilimutan,
Lagi kitang Naaalala, Langit sa Lupa, Halina Halina, Lihim na Pag-ibig, and Mundo
Ma’y Mawala.

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MAPEH 10
UNIT III: MEDIA-BASED ARTS AND DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES

INTRODUCTION
The previous quarter provided an overview of the phenomenal capabilities
and possibilities of the electronic or digital media available in today’s technology-
driven world. These have enabled amazingly innovative art forms to evolve far
beyond traditional painting, sculpture, and architecture. As quickly as technology is
able to develop new devices, gadgets, and techniques, modern artists and designers
adapt them to enhance their creative expression.
In this quarter, the modern techniques and trends in photography, film,
print media, digital media, and product and industrial design will be explored. Most
notably the talent, creativity, and quality workmanship of Filipino artists and
designers in all these fields will be recognized and celebrated. Not only have these
brought Philippine artistry to the world’s attention, but they have opened up an
entire range of opportunities for young Filipinos to develop and apply these
talents—and earn a living while doing so.

A. PHOTOGRAPHY
➢ Came from the Greek word “photos” (meaning light) and “graphos”
(meaning writing)—states this process literally.

➢ In its early stages during the late 19th century, photography was
viewed as a purely technical process, that of recording visible
images by light action on light-sensitive materials.

The Photographer as Artist

✓ Focusing a camera at a subject and clicking the shutter is

photography as process.
✓ Discerning a significant moment or a unique expression, framing it in
the camera viewfinder with an eye for composition, and then
clicking the shutter is photography as ART.
✓ In a pictorial shoot, the photographer may position lighting, modify
the lens setting, or use filters to create an effect he or she has
conceptualized beforehand.
✓ For today’s photographers, the process goes even further. They may
take the exposed film into a dark room or subject the digital images
to their photo editing software—and there manipulate the images
with the myriad of photo enhancement techniques and tools
currently available.
✓ Whether left untouched from the instant the image was captured or
was digitally or manually altered, the resulting photographs can be
startlingly impactful. It becomes clear how the photographer has
captured the elements of form, color, light and shadow, texture, and
composition to create a true work of art

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Photography as Communication

✓ One of the most powerful means of communication.

✓ Next to the printed word, the photographic image is today’s most
important means of conveying information and ideas, expressing
emotions, even championing causes.
✓ This power comes from two distinctive characteristics of
photography: immediacy and detail. An image recorded by a
camera has a sense of authenticity. Because the lens captures the
image objectively, the resulting photograph is regarded as ‘true to
life’ and ‘of the moment.’ At the same time, the camera takes in
every detail of an image. Thus the photograph has a sense of
completeness.

Noteworthy Philippine Photographers

a. George Tapan
is an award-winning travel photographer who has won two
Pacific Asia Tourism Association (PATA) Gold awards, an
ASEAN Tourism Association award, and first place in the
2011 National Geographic Photo Contest.
His highly- acclaimed work has been published in five travel
photography books.

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photography/

b. John K. Chua
is best known as an advertising and commercial
photographer, with over 40 years of experience in this field
and numerous local and international awards for his work.
At the same time, he has applied his photo artistry to
showcasing the beauty of the Philippines

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B. FILM
➢ Its early name “motion pictures” declared, film brought yet another
dimension into play—that of moving images.
➢ The possibilities of this medium created a new art form that was to
become a powerful social and economic force, and a legacy of the
20th century to the world.
Cinema- successive still photos of a moving subject to be captured on a
strip of film advancing through a single camera.
The French developed the “cinematographe,” a hand- cranked camera,
printer, and projector all in one that was lightweight enough to bring
outside the studio. By 1901, the earliest motion pictures were rapidly
progressing from one-scene, studio films to multiple-scene narratives
filmed outdoors. Driven by these and many more advances, the art
aspect of filmmaking was born.

FILMMAKING
➢ Its technical complexity, involves entire teams of artists, writers, and
production experts, supported by technicians taking charge of the
cameras, lighting equipment, sets, props, costumes, and the like—all
under the supervision of a film director.

a. Film directing - It is the director, like the painter and sculptor in

traditional art, who envisions the final effect of the film on its
viewers, visually, mentally, and emotionally.
b. Acting - was the art of acting for film.
c. Cinematography - the art of film camera work. This captured the
director’s vision of each scene through camera placement and
movement, lighting, and other special techniques.
d. Editing - the art of selecting the precise sections of film, then
sequencing and joining them to achieve the director’s desired visual
and emotional effect. Sound editing was also developed, as films
began to include more ambitious effects beyond the dialogue and
background music.
e. Production/Set design - Underlying all these was the art of
production and set design. This recreated in physical terms—
through location, scenery, sets, lighting, costumes, and props—the
mental image that the director had of how each scene should look,
what period it should depict, and what atmosphere it should

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convey. This included creating worlds that did not exist as well as
worlds that were long gone, designing each production component
down to the very last detail.

Film Genres

a. Silent films with sound still unavailable, these films relied on purely
visual comedy that audiences found hilarious. Silent films starring
Charlie Chaplin, and the “slapstick comedy” films of Buster Keaton
and later Laurel and Hardy.
b. Gangster movie genre
c. Horror Films
d. Fantasy Films
e. War and disaster films
f. Westerns or “cowboy movies”
g. Thrillers or suspense films
h. Historical or biographical films
i. Film epics
j. Film adaptations of literary classics
k. Futuristic or science fiction films (SciFi)
l. Special effects movies featuring live actors, animated characters, or
live actors and animated characters together.
m. Documentary films a non-fiction genre, were made using real-life
footage as well as file materials, in many cases to present an issue.
n. Art films (“indie” or independent films) a special genre caters to a
small group of viewers and critics, consciously concerned with the
artistic merits of a motion picture.

Philippine Filmmakers
In the Philippine film scene, the American influence was evident in
the pre-World War II and Liberation years with song-and-dance musicals,
romantic dramas, and comedy films. Beginning with the turbulent 1970s,
however, progressive Filipino directors emerged to make movies dealing
with current social issues and examining the Filipino character.

a. Lino Brocka (Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang, 1974; Maynila, Sa

Mga Kuko ng Liwanag, 1975)

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b. Mike de Leon (Itim, 1976; Sister Stella L, 1984; Bayaning 3rd

World, 1999)

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c. Ishmael Bernal (Himala, 1982), and Peque Gallaga (Oro, Plata,

Mata, 1983)
Outstanding female directors

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d. Laurice Guillen (Salome (1981) earned international acclaim at

the Toronto International Film Festival. Her more recent films,
such as Tanging Yaman, (2001) which won Best Picture in the
Metro Manila Film Festival, American Adobo (2002), Santa
Santita (2004), and Sa ‘Yo Lamang (2010)).

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e. Marilou Diaz Abaya (Jose Rizal (1998), perfectly timed for the
centennial celebration of Philippine independence; Muro-ami
(1999), which bravely exposed the deadly practice of using child-

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divers to pound for fish in the Philippines’ coral reefs; and
Bagong Buwan (2001), which dealt with the human cost of the
Muslim-Christian conflict in Mindanao).

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Crossing over easily between projects for television and for the big screen
directors

a. Maryo J. delos Reyes The heartwarming drama film Magnifico

won for him the Best Director distinction at the 2003 FAMAS
Awards and garnered other local and international film awards
as well. Delos Reyes continues to be active in both film and
television media, having become known for well-loved
teleseryes (television drama series).

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b. Brillante Mendoza. Mendoza was originally a production
designer for films, commercials, and music videos, and started
directing films in 2005. But in just four years, his film Kinatay
(The Execution of P) won for him the Best Director award at the
highly prestigious Cannes Film Festival of 2009.

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Animations

✓ Form of animated graphics that has replaced “stop-motion”

animation of scale-model puppets or drawings. (Computer
generated Images or CGI).
✓ Animation Council of the Philippines, Inc. (ACPI) is a non-stock,
non-profit organization that aims to create an identity for the
Philippines within the animation industry, making it one of the
preferred sources for animation services worldwide.
✓ Animahenasyon annual festival and competition featuring the
works of Filipino animators.
✓ Philippine Animation Studio, Inc. (PASI) was established in 1991 and
has since collaborated on numerous animation projects and series
with foreign partners.
✓ Among the other exciting milestones in the fast-emerging Philippine
animation industry was the creation in 2008 of Urduja, an animated
film adaptation of the legend of the warrior princess of Pangasinan.
Also released in 2008 was Dayo: Sa Mundo ng Elementalia, said to
be the country’s first all-digital full-length animated feature film.
✓ the first Filipino full 3D- animated film RPG Metanoia.

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C. Print Media

➢ Print media large-scale publications such as newspapers, magazines,

journals, books of all kinds, as well as smaller-scale posters,
brochures, flyers, menus, and the like.
➢ And whether printed on paper or viewed on the web.

a. Advertising

These appear in newspapers, magazines, posters, brochures,

and flyers each with their specific target readerships and
markets, and highly-specialized approaches for reaching
these target groups.

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Along with the advertising copywriters who provide the text
for titles, taglines, and body copy, an entire team of
modern-day art professionals creates the look of each ad.
These range from art directors to photographers to graphic
designers to illustrators. If the ad subject requires it, the
team may further include food and product stylists, fashion
stylists, hair and makeup artists, set and lighting designers.
All for the purpose of creating an advertisement that will
appear on a printed page or in a format that will be handed
out to potential customers.

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b. Comic Books

Another field of print media that highlights the

artistic gifts of Filipinos is that of comic books, or
komiks as they are referred to locally. The
popularity of Philippine comics began in the 1920s
when Liwayway magazine started featuring comic
strips, such as Mga Kabalbalan ni Kenkoy (The
Misadventures of Kenkoy) created by Tony
Velasquez

Tony Velasquez the “Father of Filipino Comics.”

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Famous Sample of Comic Books

a. Darna
b. Captain Barbell
c. Pilipino Komiks, Lapu-lapu Cover
d. Tagalog Klasiks

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e. Pugad Baboy
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c. Book Design and Illustration

The field of book design and illustration.

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d. Digital Media
This means that books that were originally available only in
print are being gradually converted to digital format, while
new books are now conceptualized, written, designed, and
illustrated precisely for these online media.
This also means that the manner by which today’s readers
can find, access, and enjoy these electronic books (or
‘ebooks’) is via digital media tablets, ebook readers, and
other handheld reading devices. One such device that is
available locally is the ebook reader called Kobo, which
features international as well as Philippine titles.

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D. Innovation in Product and Industrial Design

➢ Product and industrial design as applied to furniture, lighting, and

interior accessories.
➢ Fashion from haute couture to bridal ensembles to casual wear.

Filipino designers have risen to superstardom both locally and

internationally

1. Kenneth Cobonpue
Cebu-based multi- awarded designer and the creative
director of Hive, a design and manufacturing facility for
designers of interior accessories and lighting.

Figures 1: KENNETH COBONQUE

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2. Monique Lhuillier
Also hailing from Cebu City, Filipina fashion designer
Monique Lhuillier first rose to prominence for her exquisite
wedding gowns. But she has since become one of the
darlings of the Hollywood celebrity set, with several A-list
stars having worn her couture creations to gala events and
award shows, as well as to their own weddings.

Figures 2:MONIQUE LHUILLIER

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3. Josie Natori
Another name that has a prestigious place in the New York
fashion industry is that of Josie Natori. Filipino- American

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fashion designer creating lines of lingerie, resort and lounge
wear, as well as semi-formal and casual attire.

Figures 3: JOSIE NATORI

4. Rajo Laurel
Best known to the general public as a judge on the television
series Project Runway Philippines, Rajo Laurel is a much-
admired Filipino fashion designer with a number of national
and international awards to his name. He trained at New
York’s Fashion Institute of Technology and at Central Saint
Martin’s in London.
His creations maintain a Filipino sensibility, incorporating
embroidery, beadwork, and hand-painted prints, while also
offering the prestige of limited edition pieces. Thus, he has
gained a loyal local following and the attention of the
international market.

Figures 4 :RAJO LAUREL

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5. Lulu Tan Gan

Known for her fashionable knitwear lines since 1985, Lulu
Tan-Gan had been dubbed “The Queen of Knitwear” in the
country.
That specialty has since evolved into a new hand-woven
line, called Indigenous Couture, that blends Philippine
artisan crafts, fabrics, fibers, and other local materials with
Tan- Gan’s signature contemporary lifestyle dressing.
The designer’s vision is to encourage the use of stylized
indigenous and traditional wear, as she draws inspiration

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from the rich textile and embroidery traditions of the
Philippines and interprets these in modern styles and
silhouettes. Further, each Tan-Gan creation is 95% hand-
made hand-loomed (knitted and woven) by Philippine
artisans.

Figures 5: LULU TAN GAN

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6. Dita Sandico-Ong
Another Philippine designer who has been advocating the
use of local weaving techniques and natural fibers is Dita
Sandico-Ong. Known as the “Wrap Artiste” of the Philippines
for her famous bold-colored wraps, Sandico-Ong first
experimented with the local weave of Ilocos Sur, known as
inabel, as well as with pineapple fibers blended with Irish
linen, dubbed piñalino.
From there, she tried other local fibers, particularly abaca
which she was introduced to by weaver and entrepreneur
Virgilio Apanti. Sandico-Ong has since been working with a
multipurpose cooperative in Catanduanes, training them in
natural dye extraction and advanced weaving techniques for
abaca.
Today, her collection includes wraps or panuelos, as well as
boleros, jackets, and long tunics of banana fiber and abaca.
Her designs are presented in fashion shows around the
world and are sold in high-end shops in major international
cities.

Figures 6: DITA SANDICO-ONG

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Email Address: [email protected] Page | 30
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MAPEH 10
MODULE III- PHYSICAL EDUCATION

UNIT 3: ACTIVE RECREATION (STREET AND HIP-HOP DANCES)

A. RECREATION is a therapeutic refreshment or relaxation of one’s body and

mind.
a) RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES - - are activities done for this purpose
(recreation). Its main objective is to revitalize the physical, mental,
social, and emotional aspects of a person.
b) DANCE - - - is a recreational activity that can develop our physical,
mental, social, and emotional health.
DANCING - - as part of our lifestyle can surely sustain our fitness but
it should be coupled with proper eating habits and weight
management in order to live a healthy life.
c) STREET DANCE refers to dance styles that have evolved outside of
dance studios.
It is performed in streets, dance parties, parks, school yards,
or in any available space.
It is often improvisational and social in nature, encouraging
interaction and contact with spectators and other dancers.
d) A FULL STREET DANCE - - is a collection of various similar dance
moves and styles put together into one practice and regarded as the
same dance.
e) HIP-HOP - - - is a cultural movement best known for its impact on
music in the form of the musical genre of the same name.
it has its origins in the Bronx, in New York City, during the 1970s,
mostly among African Americans and some influence of Latin
Americans.

B. HIP-HOP CULTURE - - is composed of the pillars such as DJ-ing, rapping,

breakdancing, and graffiti art.
HIP-HOP DANCE - - - refers to street dance styles primarily
performed to hip-hop music or that have evolved as part of hip-hop
culture.
HIP-HOP MUSIC - - incorporates a number of iconic elements, most
notably DJing and rapping,along with things like beat boxing,
sampling, and juggling beats on turntables.

STREET AND HIP-HOP DANCE STYLES:

I. B-BOYING or BREAKING (also called Breakdancing) - - - is a style of

street dance and the first hip-hop dance style that originated among
Black and Puerto Rican youths in New York City during the early
1970s.

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A PRACTITIONER of this dance is called a: b-boy, b-girl, or breaker.

BREAKDANCE is frequently used to refer to the dance, the
original terms are b-boying and breaking.

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The Four Movements are:

➢ Toprock - - - footwork-oriented steps performed
while standing up
➢ Downrock - - - footwork performed with both hands
and feet on the floor
➢ Freezes - - - stylish poses done on your hands
➢ Power moves - - - comprise full-body spins and
rotations that give the illusion of defying gravity.

II. POPPING - - - was popularized by SAMUEL BOOGALOO SAM

SOLOMON and his crew the ELECTRIC BOOGALOOS.

➢ it is based on the technique of quickly contracting and

relaxing muscles to cause a jerk in a dancer’s body.
➢ forces parts of your body outwards, similar to an explosion
within parts of your body.
➢ also contracts muscles, but it is followed by relaxation that
gives it the jerking appearance of popping.

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III. LOCKING - - - (or campbellocking) was created by DON

CAMPBELLOCK CAMPBELL in 1969 in Los Angeles, California.

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➢ it was popularized by his crew, The Lockers. (A locker’s
dancing is characterized by frequently locking in place and
after a brief freeze moving again).
➢ can be identified by its distinctive stops.
➢ it is usually performed by stopping the fast movement that
you are doing, locking your body into a position, holding it,
and then continuing at the same speed as before.
➢ dancers hold their positions longer.
LOCK is the primary move used in locking.
➢ it is similar to a freeze or a sudden pause.

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IV. KRUMPING is a form of dancing that originated in the African-

American community South Central Los Angeles, California and is a
relatively new form of the “Urban” Black dance
movement.

➢ it is free, expressive and highly energetic. (Most people

paint their faces in different designs).
➢ is a dance style to release anger.

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Academy-Raipur-972897209402023/

V. TUTTING is a creative way of making geometric shapes forming right

angle using your body parts.

➢ this style was originally practiced by young funk dancers.

➢ it is derived from the positions people were drawn in during
the days of the Ancient Egyptians.

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➢ it is the positions seen in these portraits that have been
adopted by dancers today.
➢ is still a greatly respected move and King Tut aka Mark
Benson is widely acclaimed for pioneering the style.

…l.

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VI. SHUFFLING the Melbourne Shuffle (also known as Rocking or simply

The Shuffle) is a rave and club dance that originated in the late
1980s in the underground rave music scene in Melbourne, Australia.

➢ the basic movements of the dance is a fast heel-and-toe

action with a style suitable for various types of electronic
music. Some variants incorporate arm movements.
ROCKERS - - referred to people who dance the shuffle.

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VII. WAACKING is an African American form of street dance originating

from the 1970’s disco era of the underground club scenes in Los
Angeles and New York City.
➢ consists of stylized posing and fast synchronized arm
movements to the beat of the music.
➢ today, is a popular element of hip hop dance.

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HEALTH BENEFITS OF DANCING:

DANCING as a recreational activity can be a way to stay fit for

people of all ages, and sizes. It has a wide range of physical and
mental benefits including:
✓ Improved condition of your heart and lungs
✓ Increased muscular strength, endurance, and motor fitness
✓ Increased aerobic fitness
✓ Improved muscle tone and strength
✓ Weight management
✓ Stronger bones and reduced risk of osteoporosis
✓ Better coordination, agility, and flexibility
✓ Improved balance and spatial awareness
✓ Increased physical confidence
✓ Improved mental functions
✓ Improved general and psychological well-being
✓ Greater self-confidence and self-esteem
✓ Better social skills
✓
Sustaining FITNESS and WELLNESS is important because it allows
the person to live life to the fullest.
A FIT INDIVIDUAL who can function optimally is not prone to health
problems, is strong enough to face life challenges, and can adjust to
different situations.
FITNESS and WELLNESS are sustained through practicing a healthy
lifestyle. This includes:

✓ Participating in physical activities,

✓ Having proper eating habits,
✓ Enjoying leisure

STREET and HIP-HOP DANCES are good recreational activities that

can sustain fitness and wellness.
DANCING as a lifetime habit will surely help in sustaining fitness.
But this should be combined with proper eating habits.

Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

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 Department of Education
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MAPEH 10
UNIT III: HEALTH TRENDS, ISSUES, and CONCERNS (GLOBAL LEVEL)

INTRODUCTION
For its central role in global affairs, health issues are among the
priority concerns of the United Nations. It thus designated the World Health
Organization to serve as the lead agency tasked to direct and coordinate with all
member nations regarding leadership, supervision, technical support and education
on matters about health, which affects many countries - including the Philippines.
Public health protection is viewed both as a shared duty and
obligation in the 21st century. Thus, people need to understand global issues,
concerns, and trends that include fair access to essential healthcare and protection
against multinational threats.

GLOBAL HEALTH and the MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

GLOBAL HEALTH
- the health of the world as a whole; the area of study, research and
practice which gives priority on improving and achieving equal health for all people
worldwide.
- “pertains to various health issues, concerns, and trends which go
beyond national boundaries and call for global initiatives for the protection and
promotion of peoples’ health across the world” - Ilona Kickbush, (2006)
- “an area for study, research and practice that prioritizes health
improvement and achieving impartiality in healthcare and wellness worldwide” -
Koplan And Associates (2009)
- “cooperative research and action of international communities to
promote health for all” - Beaglehole And Bonita (2010)

8 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

The United Nations Millennium Development Goals are eight targets that
all 191 UN Member States have agreed to achieve by 2015.
The United Nations Millennium Declaration, signed in September 2000 commits
world leaders to fight discrimination against women and children, disease, hunger,
poverty, illiteracy, and environmental degradation. All of these goals cannot be
attained without addressing each and everyone. All of them influence, affect and
depend on better global health programs and policies.

➢ Developing countries particularly in Africa and Asia

suffer from extreme poverty and hunger. Poverty
and hunger leads to severe malnutrition which
leads to lifelong physical and cognitive (learning
and reasoning) damage and affects health, well-
being and the economy.

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Some key suggestions to eradicate poverty and hunger
are:
✓ Education
✓ Promoting gender equality
✓ Producing more jobs
✓ Investing more in Agriculture
✓ Strengthened nutrition programs for children and
infants
✓ Support and protection of developing and
vulnerable countries during crises

➢ Persons, particularly women who are educated, are

more likely to seek medical care especially during
pregnancy, ensuring proper nutrition for their
family, adopting healthy sanitary practices and
ensuring immunization of children. As an effect,
infants and children have better survival rates, are
healthier and better nourished.

If these are attained, children who receive primary

education are more likely to:
✓ Marry and have their own families at a later stage in
life
✓ Practice family planning and have fewer children
✓ Know rights, responsibilities and civic obligations
✓ Seek employment and sustain personal and family
needs
✓ Have decreased risk of getting sexually transmitted
infections like HIV/AIDS
✓ Support and protection of developing and
vulnerable countries during crises

➢ GENDER EQUALITY - means equal representation of

men and women. It implies that all gender should
have equal value and treatment. Equal gender
treatment empowers women and other groups
creating opportunities in education, work, finances,
and other aspects which improves the economy and
lessen effects of financial crises.

It can be achieved through:

✓ Early childhood development intervention
✓ Promotion of women’s political rights and
involvement
✓ Improved reproductive health programs and policies
✓ Education and integrating gender equality in school
curriculum

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✓ Improved women’s access to work and
strengthened labor policies for women
✓ Support and protection of developing and
vulnerable countries during crises

➢ Programs and policies which help reduce child

mortality like improving nutritional intake,
healthcare facilities and infrastructure , and other
fields which improve children’s lives. Strengthening
local and national health programs and policies is
one way to reduce child mortality.

This includes:
✓ Immunization programs
✓ Assuring the survival and better health of mothers
✓ Improving reproductive health programs and
policies
✓ Better nutrition program for infants, children and
mothers

➢ This is not only about mother’s health but also

involves the health and wellness of the family.
Maternal health also helps eradicate other
problems like poverty, gender inequality, decreased
workforce, lower birth deaths, and disability of
women.

Some ways to improve maternal health include:

✓ Improved and proper nutrition of mothers
✓ Teaching the benefits of birth spacing and small
family size
✓ Educating young boys and girls about the
importance of maternal health
✓ Better and improved access to hospital care
especially obstetric-gynecology, prenatal and
postnatal care

➢ Emerging and re-emerging diseases like HIV/AIDS,

malaria, influenza and other diseases affect
productivity and growth of nations. Some of the
effects of disease outbreak are loss of jobs,
shortage in professional workers, and creating
social crises. Children are the most vulnerable and
are exposed to exploitation and abuse undermining
their normal growth and development.

Some ways to combat diseases include effective

prevention, treatment and care like:

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✓ Improved housing conditions
✓ Increased access to anti-malarial medicines
✓ Promoting safer sex behavior and preventive
education for all
✓ Promoting Tuberculosis (TB) screening of HIV/AIDS
persons and TB – Directly Observed Treatment Short
(TB-DOTS) Course therapy
✓ Promoting the use of insecticide-treated nets to
fight mosquito-borne diseases.

➢ Investing and supporting sustainable energy like

solar, wind and water energy help support jobs,
create business opportunities, and save remaining
non-renewable energy sources. Environmental
sustainability assures peoples to live healthier and
enjoy a clean and green environment.

Some of the benefits of a sustainable environment are:

✓ Cleaner air and environment
✓ Clean, environment-friendly, and renewable energy
✓ New and aspiring jobs and business in energy
✓ Increased access to sanitation

➢ The United Nations, World Health Organization,

World Bank and governments work together to
make sure there is fair trade and that heavily
indebted countries obtain relief and funds to
combat poverty, malnutrition and funds for
education and social projects.

Some benefits of global partnership are:

✓ Expanded international trade agreements
✓ Improved access to affordable medicine
✓ Reduced poverty through government debt relief
grant
✓ Developed information and communication
technology (ICT) infrastructure

GLOBAL HEALTH INITIATIVES

- are programs set in motion by the United Nations through the WHO and
in partnership with the World Bank which targets specific health problems including
but not limited to emerging and re-emerging diseases, climate change,
environmental sanitation, mental health, tobacco regulation, and alcohol use.

Some of the global health initiatives spearheaded by the World Health

Organization include the following:

1. The Global Fight Against Communicable Diseases

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a. Roll Back Malaria

- is a global effort to reduce the number of deaths from malaria
infection through heightened prevention tools, rapid response to
outbreaks, development of new anti-malarial products, and effective
treatment of the infection.

Specific objective:
1. To enable and to increase the capacity of caregivers to recognize
malaria promptly and take early appropriate action;
2. To empower service providers by imparting adequate knowledge, skill
and capacity which enable them to respond to malaria illness
appropriately;
3. To create an enabling environment for implementation.

b. STOP TB
- is a global effort to prevent further transmission of tuberculosis
or TB around the world. One of the programs for Stop TB is the
implementation of the TB-DOTS short-course strategy.

Objectives:
1. To achieve universal access to high-quality diagnosis and patient-
centered treatment
2. To reduce the suffering and socio-economic burden associated with
TB
3. To protect poor and vulnerable populations from TB, TB/HIV and
multi drug-resistant – TB (MDR-TB)
4. To support development of new tools and enable their timely and
effective use.

c. Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization

- is a global strategy which aims to strengthen children’s
immunization programs and introduce new generation of licensed
vaccines into use in developing countries across the globe.

These new vaccines which could help reduce the number of deaths in
children aged 5 years old and below includes:
1. Hepatitis B vaccine
2. Childhood meningitis vaccine
3. Yellow fever vaccine
4. Influenza vaccine
5. Vaccine for pneumonia

d. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria

- is a funding project rather than an initiative. Nevertheless it
helps in the prevention, reduction, and mitigation of the negative

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impacts of the three diseases to humanity which contributes to the
fulfillment of the Millennium Development Goals.

2. Global Prevention And Control Of Tobacco And Alcohol Use

WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco and Control (WHO FCTC) is
the prime international treaty negotiated under WHO. It came into existence in
reaction to the global epidemic of tobacco use and abuse. It reaffirms the right
of every individual across the world to the highest standard of health promoting
public health and providing new legal means for global health cooperation.
The following summarizes the WHO FCTC provisions:
1. Price and tax measures to reduce the demand for tobacco
2. Non-price measures to reduce the demand for tobacco namely:
➢ Protection from exposure to tobacco smoke;
➢ Regulation of the contents of tobacco products;
➢ Regulation of tobacco product disclosures;
➢ New packaging and labeling of tobacco products;
➢ Education, communication, training and public awareness;
➢ Demand reduction measures concerning tobacco
dependence and cessation; and
➢ Tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship.

3. Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol

It recognizes the close ties between the harmful use of alcohol and the
socio-economic development of a nation. Likewise, this strategy builds and supports
other global health initiatives like the global strategy for the prevention and control
of non-communicable diseases.

4. Global Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases

Is a global action plan to prevent and control the following non-
communicable diseases: cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases,
cancers, and diabetes and the four shared risk factors: unhealthy eating, physical
inactivity, tobacco use and alcohol use.
Objectives of the Action Plan:
1. To raise the priority accorded to non-communicable disease at
global and national levels and to integrate prevention and
control of such diseases into policies across all governments
2. To establish and strengthen national policies and plans for the
prevention and control of non-communicable diseases
3. To promote interventions to reduce the main shared but
preventable risk factors for non-communicable diseases:
unhealthy eating, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and harmful
use of alcohol
4. To promote research for the prevention and control of non-
communicable diseases
5. To promote partnerships for the prevention and control of non –
communicable diseases
6. To monitor non-communicable diseases and their causal factors
and evaluate progress at the local, national and global levels

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 Department of Education
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5. Global Initiative For Mental Health

Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020 - is the result of
extensive research and consultations by stakeholders, member-nations, academic
and non-government centers across the globe. The mental health action plan should
be impartial, life-based, and preventive in nature.
It basically addresses the following:
1. To fight and alleviate negative trends in mental health,
2. To improve and make mental health services and care accessible,
3. To prevent abuse of rights and unjust treatment against people with
mental problems, disorders, and disabilities which are still
prevalent around the world.

THE UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM’S QUICK WINS

The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) works with different
nations and organizations to withstand crises, empower lives and improve the
quality of life for all. One of the UNDP’s intervention programs to achieve the eight
millennium development goals is called Quick Wins. Quick Wins are actions that can
be immediately used within the community or locale to produce effective results. If
applied continuously, it could change people’s views, and beliefs and trigger actions
which could lead to helping millions of lives and countries find their right path
towards the goals.

Below are some examples of UNDP’s Quick Wins:

• No school fees and free access to educational materials and facilities in schools to
ensure that all children attend classes. This eliminates poor families’ concept that
education is only for those who can afford it. Finances can include donor assistance
from partnerships with private groups.
• Children are provided with free school meals and take-home rations using locally
produced food.
• Regular annual deworming for all school children especially in impoverished areas
to improve health and education.
• Provision for poor farmers of affordable supplies of soil nitrogen and other soil
nutrients.

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 Department of Education
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Prepared By:

JIM BOY A. GAMIS

Teacher III, Victoria National High School

CAROLINE R. ISIDRO
Teacher III, Victoria National High School

WYNCEL P. BANGIS
Teacher III, Victoria National High School

Reviewed by:

DALEN I. ROY
EPS I, MAPEH

Recommending Approval:

DR. PAULINO D. DEPANO

Chief- Curriculum Implementation Division

Approved:

DR. RONALDO A. POZON

Schools Division Superintendent

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