Scribd
Upload
76 views7 pages

Normalization Notes

This document provides an overview of normalization in SQL databases. It defines normalization as a process to eliminate data redundancy and enhance integrity by organizing data into tabular form and removing duplicated data. The document then explains the three normal forms - 1NF requires each cell contain a single value, 2NF removes partial dependencies, and 3NF removes transitive dependencies for non-prime attributes. Examples are provided for each normal form.

Uploaded by

jugaljaisingani5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
76 views7 pages

Normalization Notes

This document provides an overview of normalization in SQL databases. It defines normalization as a process to eliminate data redundancy and enhance integrity by organizing data into tabular form and removing duplicated data. The document then explains the three normal forms - 1NF requires each cell contain a single value, 2NF removes partial dependencies, and 3NF removes transitive dependencies for non-prime attributes. Examples are provided for each normal form.

Uploaded by

jugaljaisingani5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Network / Hierarchical/

1. What Is Normalization in SQL?

2. 1 NF

3. 2 NF

4. 3 NF

13-01-2024 Created by - Tahir Mansuri Sir 2


❖ NORMALIZATION

➢ What Is Normalization in SQL?


▪ Normalization is the process to eliminate data redundancy and enhance data integrity in the table.
▪ Normalization also helps to organize the data in the database.
▪ It is a multi-step process that sets the data into tabular form and removes the duplicated data from
the relational tables.
▪ In 1970 Edgar F. Codd defined the First Normal Form.
▪ Now let's understand the types of Normal forms with the help of examples
❖ 1ST NORMAL FORM (1NF)

▪ A table is referred to as being in its First Normal Form if atomicity of the table is 1.
▪ Here, atomicity states that a single cell cannot hold multiple values. It must hold only a single-
valued attribute.
▪ The First normal form disallows the multi-valued attribute, composite attribute, and their
combinations.
▪ In the studentsrecord table, you can see that the course
column has two values.
▪ Thus it does not follow the First Normal Form.

Table in 1 Normal Form


❖ CANDIDATE KEY
▪ A candidate key is a set of one or more columns that can identify a record uniquely in a table, and
YOU can use each candidate key as a Primary Key.

❖ SUPER KEY
▪ Super key is a set of over one key that can identify a record uniquely in a table, and the Primary Key
is a subset of Super Key.
❖ 2ND NORMAL FORM (2NF)

▪ The first condition for the table to be in Second Normal Form is that the table has to be in First
Normal Form.
▪ The table should not possess partial dependency.
▪ The partial dependency here means the proper subset of the candidate key should give a non-
prime attribute.
❖ 3RD NORMAL FORM (3NF)

▪ The first condition for the table to be in Third Normal Form is that the table should be in the
Second Normal Form.
▪ The second condition is that there should be no transitive dependency for non-prime attributes,
which indicates that non-prime attributes (which are not a part of the candidate key) should not
depend on other non-prime attributes in a table. Therefore, a transitive dependency is a functional
dependency in which A → C (A determines C) indirectly, because of A → B and B → C (where it is
not the case that B → A).
▪ The third Normal Form ensures the reduction of data duplication. It is also used to achieve data
integrity.

You might also like