❖Like many other languages, the English language
can use a to talk about the
future.
❖ The English language makes a
between ‘what do’ and ‘events or time-
tables’ ( ).
❖ For events or time-tables the English language
uses the ‘ ’.
❖For ‘people’ it uses the ‘ ’.
we use it for
Timetables and fixed future events
❖We use the verb in the simple present form +
adverb of future time to
avoid confusion with the present time.
❖ It is not always necessary because we can deduct
that the sentence is about the future because it
begins with ‘ ’- ‘ ’.
Adverbs frequently used:
Tomorrow (morning), next (week), on Monday, on +
(future date).
Simple Present – for timetables
Excuse me, does
this train leave
for Manchester
at 7.30 ?
No, this one leaves for
London in five minutes’
time. The train to
Manchester leaves
from Platform 2 at 7.30.
• What time the next train for Hull ?
• It at 10.15 a.m.
• When school ?
• It until September.
the shops open tomorrow?
• Yes, they at 9 a.m. and at 6 p.m.
there a meeting next Wednesday?
• Yes, it at 3 p.m. late!
Future arrangements – Planned actions
❖We use the verb - Am/is/are + verb(ing) + adverb
of future time to avoid confusion
with the present time.
❖It is not always necessary because we can deduct that
the sentence is about the future because it begins
with ‘ ’-‘ ’.
❖ Sometimes the verb we use helps to indicate
arrangements for the future, for example:
❖ Adverbs frequently used: tomorrow (morning), next
(week), on Monday, on (future date).
Present Continuous for people’s programmes
I’m meeting Mary at
6:30, than we’re going
What are you to the cinema to see
doing tomorrow the new ‘Star Wars’
evening? film.
in London next week.
• John on the midnight train.
• We to New York tomorrow
morning.
• When to visit us?
• What at the weekend ?
Mary at 6 o’clock. (Perhaps I am speaking
at 2 p.m.)
• They tennis this afternoon.
• What time to the gym?
later this afternoon.
–
REMEMBER:
• Are the shops open? (now)
Are the shops open, tomorrow? (future)
• Hurry! The bus is leaving. (now)
Hurry! The bus leaves in 5 minutes. (future)
• I am playing tennis with John. (now)
I am playing tennis with John at 6 p.m. (future)
❖We use am/is/are + going to + base form of
main verb to express two types of situation:
We can only have intentions for the future, so
although we often use them, adverbs of future
time are not always necessary.
.
From what we see around us we believe that
something will happen in the very near future.
People’s intentions Mom, I’ll be
back at 5
o’clock. I’m
going to play
tennis with
Mary.
Previsions based on what we can see
Look at those
clouds! It’s
going to rain in
a few minutes.
• I’ TV.
• I’ TV this evening.
• I’ Italy sooner or later.
him? Yes, she is.
a baby? Yes, in June.
German next term?
• Who the dishes? Not me!
• I think (now) that John to London in a week’s
time.
‘going to go’ is repetitive, so we prefer to say ‘is going’
with us to the cinema?
‘going to come’ doesn’t sound too good so we prefer to say ‘are you
coming’
❖Like other modals is followed by the
base form (bare infinitive) of the main verb.
❖ The form is but if we want to
the negative we say ‘ ’.
is used in many circumstances to
indicate the future, but it is for
our future intentions, plans or programmes.
is used:
❖ For requests
❖For promises
❖For snap decisions
❖For predictions
❖ For the inevitable
❖To show determination
❖Volunteering to do something
❖In sentences with verbs of opinion
❖In the first conditional
REQUESTS
Will anyone help
me to do the
ironing?
you me (to) cook dinner?
you your bedroom tomorrow, please?
you me?
you please the television ?
• I’m afraid to go alone. you with me?
-
• I promise I you next Monday.
• I definitely you . I promise.
• I can’t help you today, but I promise I
you tomorrow.
you me not to tell anyone what
I’ve just told you?
Snap decisions
Look at the
price! I’ll try it
on and I’ll buy it.
• I like that dress. I buy it.
• How you , madam? - I cash.
• Look! It’s snowing. - OK. I at home
then.
• I haven’t got any money with me. – Alright, I
this time.
• John, what does this word mean? - I don’t
know. I it in the dictionary.
Predictions
You will
marry a very
rich man
• This is the weather forecast. It in
London tomorrow morning, but it
robots the world in 2050?
• He in 5 years’ time.
• I’m sure the world a better place in the
near future.
• He President for much longer.
Inevitable
I will be 4
next year.
• John is 16. He 17 next June.
• Without water those plants .
• Unless you are wearing a tie, you
allowed into the dining
room of that 5 star hotel.
• I don’t want to go to school today, mom! -
You go whether you want to or not!
• You must tell me what John said. - I
tell you! I won’t break the promise I
made.
• You can ask me a thousand times but I
give you any more money!
• I need some help with this suitcase! - OK,
John you.
• It’s very hot in here. - I the window if
that’s alright with you.
• My train leaves at 6.00! Don’t worry, I
you to the station.
• Who’ll help me to prepare dinner? - I .
• Do you think John to my party? -
Yes, I think he .
• I believe John very pleased when you tell
him the news.
• I wonder what Mary when you tell her.
• I’m sure she very happy in her new
house.
• I know he very hard for this exam.
• If it rains I an umbrella with me.
• I unless you invite John too.
• I you if I leave work later than I usually
do.
• John help us unless we ask him
well in advance.
• If I go to Italy next year I Mary if she would
like to come with me.
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