type 2 diabetes literature review There are three ways to diagnose diabetes - fasting plasma glucose, casual plasma

glucose, and the oral glucose tolerance test. In undiagnosed patients with diabetes that do not receive appropriate
treatment, it can provoke serious complications such as stroke, kidney failure and heart disease. Insulin may later
be tapered or discontinued once stability is achieved. The addition of bedtime insulin to metformin therapy leads
to less weight gain than insulin plus a sulfonylurea or twice-daily NPH insulin (85). Challenges in diabetes
mellitus type 2 management in - NCBI - NIH. Metformin also lowers glucose production from the liver. Choice
of therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin and a sulphonylurea: A
systematic review and mixed-treatment comparison meta-analysis. Heart failure and mortality outcomes in
patients with type 2 diabetes taking alogliptin versus placebo in EXAMINE: a multicentre, randomised, double-
blind trial. The Canadian INSIGHT (Implementing New Strategies with Insulin Glargine for Hyperglycaemia
Treatment) Study. A GLP-1 receptor agonist should, therefore, be considered before bolus insulin as add-on
therapy in people on basal insulin (with or without other agents) who require antihyperglycemic treatment
intensification if there are not barriers to affordability or access. Literature review of type 2 diabetes mellitus
among minority Muslim. Possible side effects include hypoglycemia and weight gain. It reduces other risk factors
like cardiovascular disease as the blood pressure decreases. Second, while canagliflozin was associated with a
significant decrease in the composite MACE outcome, there was no significant benefit on individual outcomes,
such as all-cause or CV mortality. Expand 410 PDF Save Creating public awareness: state 2025 diabetes
forecasts. William R. Rowley C. Bezold Medicine Population health management 2012 TLDR Little data exist
that project the future prevalence and potential costs of diabetes at the state and metro area level, and this
research is important because key stakeholders can make informed decisions concerning diabetes, its impact on
their communities, and resource allocation. Assessing glycemia in diabetes using self-monitoring blood glucose
and hemoglobin A1c. Type 2 diabetes takes long to develop making it extremely difficult to identify symptoms.
On the other hand, Type 1 diabetes is quickly recognized. Treatment intensification with stepwise addition of
prandial insulin aspart boluses compared with full basal-bolus therapy (FullSTEP Study): A randomised, treat-to-
target clinical trial. In terms of the behavioural factors, it was found that obesity is one of the major factors in
diabetes and majority of participants were suffering from the obesity issues. It was further found that the chances
of diabetes were quite high in Asians compared to other populations (Ye, et al, 2009).

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Type 2 Diabetes Literature Review
Type 2 diabetes takes long to develop making it extremely difficult to identify symptoms. On the other hand,
Type 1 diabetes is quickly recognized. Published in 2013 The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of type 1 and
type 2 diabetes mellitus Ozougwu Ozougwu Semantic Scholar Semantic Scholar's Logo Figure 2 of 6 Stay
Connected With Semantic Scholar Sign Up What Is Semantic Scholar. Diabetes medications as monotherapy or
metformin-based combination therapy for type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rodgers G
(2002), Type 1 Diabetes Prevention Trials, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 02
April 2006. Heart failure and mortality outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes taking alogliptin versus placebo
in EXAMINE: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial. The eating habits are such as eating of bakery items,
dates, meat dishes, desserts and rice that are composed of high carbohydrates and fat content. Another reason for
recorded increase in diabetes according to the study might be the increased risk factors in KSA responsible for
causing diabetes mellitus. Individuals under the age of forty (40yrs) are susceptible to this type of diabetes.
Comparative efficacy and safety of antidiabetic drug regimens added to metformin monotherapy in patients with
type 2 diabetes: A network meta-analysis. Individuals suffering from diabetes have to make a variety of decisions
based on the diet, physical activities to be performed and how to confront various situations such as stresses and
how to adhere to their prescribed medications. Efficacy and safety of insulin analogues for the management of
diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis. BHC (2000), Diabetes in African Americans? 02 April 2006. It should also be
noted that the majority of people in these trials had pre-existing CVD and required add-on antihyperglycemic
therapy. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment
and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Smoking as a Risk Factor for Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus: a Literature. In relation to other infectious diseases, chronic diseases claim lives of numerous
individuals in developing countries. Improving The Guidelines For Combination Therapy For Type. Efficacy and
safety of initial combination of DPP-IV inhibitors and metformin versus metformin monotherapy in type 2
diabetes: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Received 25 July 2014 Received in revised form 01
August 2014 Accepted 05 August 2014. So this plant part and a combination of presently used plants can be used
for further studies particularly among females by the purification of active compounds against hyperglycemia and
hypercholesterolemia.

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Type 2 Diabetes Literature Review
Second, while canagliflozin was associated with a significant decrease in the composite MACE outcome, there
was no significant benefit on individual outcomes, such as all-cause or CV mortality. Physical activity itself
lowers the incidence of diabetes. In terms of the behavioural factors, it was found that obesity is one of the major
factors in diabetes and majority of participants were suffering from the obesity issues. In undiagnosed patients
with diabetes that do not receive appropriate treatment, it can provoke serious complications such as stroke,
kidney failure and heart disease. Risk of fracture with thiazolidinediones: An updated meta-analysis of
randomized clinical trials. Effect of insulin degludec vs insulin glargine U100 on hypoglycemia in patients with
type 2 diabetes. The most frequent symptoms in patients with diabetes are increased hunger, thirty and urination.
Diabetes mellitus is of great concern to health care providers from all specialities of medicine. Traditional plant
treatments have been used throughout the world for the therapy of diabetes mellitus. In United States, type 2
diabetes type 2 diabetes MELLITUS type 2 diabetes MELLITUS Diabetes has become a serious threat to various
populations around the world. The Canadian INSIGHT (Implementing New Strategies with Insulin Glargine for
Hyperglycaemia Treatment) Study. For instance, the combination of a DPP-4 inhibitor or a GLP-1 receptor
agonist and an SGLT2 inhibitor added to metformin has been shown to be as safe and more efficacious at
lowering A1C after 24 weeks than either agent alone (76,77). A study by Jenkins (2003) revealed that about one in
four African American women over the age of 55 years have diabetes, which is almost double the rate of white
women (Jenkins, 2003). Pancreatic safety of sitagliptin in the TECOS Study. All plant extract were most effective
for hypoglycemia and hypocholesterolemia in female mice as compared to male mice. In a retrospective analysis,
empagliflozin was not associated with an increased risk of amputations in the EMPA-REG trial (133). Triple
therapy in type 2 diabetes; a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Clark et al., Weight Management
Through Lifestyle Modification for the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Rationale and
Strategies, Diabetes Care, ADA, 02 April 2006. Medicinal fruits play an important role in the development of
potent therapeutic agents.

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Type 2 Diabetes Literature Review
Side effects include weight gain and an increased risk of heart failure and fractures. It is associated with a low
risk of hypoglycemia and does not cause weight gain. Smoking as a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a
Literature. Efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus placebo added to basal insulin analogues (with or without
metformin) in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ten-year observational
follow-up of PROactive: A randomized cardiovascular outcomes trial evaluating pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes.
Failure of the insulin produced by the body to work effectively is the principal cause of Type 2 diabetes. The
immune responses develop that delay the onset or progression of diabetes or may even prevent it altogether.
Stress management has been found effective in keeping the blood glucose level within limits. The epidemiology
of major depressive disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Clark et al.,
Weight Management Through Lifestyle Modification for the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes:
Rationale and Strategies, Diabetes Care, ADA, 02 April 2006. Cardiovascular safety of empagliflozin in patients
with type 2 diabetes: Ameta-analysis of data fromrandomized placebocontrolled trials. Together, you can decide
which medication is best for you after considering many factors, including costs and other aspects of your health.
Results fromthe Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for type 2 diabetes (EDICT): A
randomized trial. Effect of antidiabetic agents added to metformin on glycaemic control, hypoglycaemia and
weight change in patients with type 2 diabetes: A network meta-analysis. Diabetes aggressive treatment and
intensive treatment strategies aids in reducing its complication through earlier management and detection. The
ethnic population, which includes African Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, Asian Americans, and Pacific
Islanders are highly susceptible to type 2 diabetes. In terms of the behavioural factors, it was found that obesity is
one of the major factors in diabetes and majority of participants were suffering from the obesity issues. It was
further found that the chances of diabetes were quite high in Asians compared to other populations (Ye, et al,
2009). Efficacy and safety of degludec versus glargine in type 2 diabetes. Dapagliflozin in patients with type 2
diabetes receiving high doses of insulin: Efficacy and safety over 2 years.

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Type 2 Diabetes Literature Review
References 1. Abright, A. Public Health Practice and Diabetes- What more can be done to halt the epidemic.
Decoster V A (2001), CHALLENGES OF TYPE 2 DIABETES AND ROLE OF HEALTH CARE SOCIAL
WORK, A Neglected Area of Practice, Journal Title: Health and Social Work. Volume: 26. Issue: 1. Publication
Year: 2001. pp 26. Effect of interventions for major depressivedisorder and significant depressive symptoms in
patients withdiabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Safety and tolerability of empagliflozin in
patients with type 2 diabetes: Pooled analysis of phase I-III clinical trials. Pioglitazone and risk of cardiovascular
events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Generally, once bolus
insulin is introduced into a treatment regimen, either as a separate mealtime bolus or as part of a premixed
containing regimen, insulin secretagogues, such as sulfonylureas and meglitinides, should be discontinued.
Diabetes Types Diabetes is a condition characterized by a body not making proper utilization of carbohydrates in
the food. Scientists believe that this may help to prevent diabetes because the immune cells that line the digestive
tract learn to recognize the insulin in a different way. In addition to that, it can be caused due to the reduction in
insulin sensitivity. Second, while canagliflozin was associated with a significant decrease in the composite MACE
outcome, there was no significant benefit on individual outcomes, such as all-cause or CV mortality. Initial
studies showed reductions in HbA1c with self-monitoring; however, the inclusion of beneficial health behaviors
such as diet and exercise in the analyses makes it difficult to assess the effectiveness of self-monitor blood glucose
alone. Diabetes mellitus Type 2 (T2DM) is the most common type of the disorder. Screening for type 2 diabetes:
literature review and economic modelling. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and
progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. If blood glucose can be controlled
in the pre-diabetes stage, diabetes can be delayed or prevented altogether (Gavin, 2003). They do not cause
weight gain and are associated with a low risk of hypoglycemia. Efficacy and safety of degludec versus glargine
in type 2 diabetes. Asian Indians and Filipinos were found to have more obesity issues. Jenkins J H (2003),
African American health issues, Reference Services Review Volume 31 Number 4 2003 pp. 359-373. Glimepiride
is also associated with a lower risk of CV events and mortality (73), but has a similar rate of hypoglycemia (67,72)
compared to other sulfonylureas.

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Type 2 Diabetes Literature Review