Grade 12
Mathematics
Maths and Science Infinity
CAPS Syllabus
Differential Calculus
Cubic Functions
Solutions
074 772 9926
Thulani Mjikwa
Senior Facilitator & Strategic Interventionist
Activity 1
1.1 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 12
𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 12 = 0
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6) = 0
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3) = 0
(2; 0) and (−3; 0)
1.2 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 8
3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 8 = 0
(3𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 2) = 0
4
𝑥 = − 3 and 𝑥 = 2
𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 (−1,33; −18,52) and 𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 (2; 0)
1.3
1.4 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = −6𝑥 + 2
−6𝑥 + 2 = 0
1
𝑥=
3
𝑃𝑂𝐼(0,33; −9,26)
1.5 𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 (−1,33; −21,52) and 𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 (2; −3)
2
Activity 2
2.1 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 2 − 27)
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 27𝑥
𝑦 ′ = 3𝑥 2 − 27
3𝑥 2 − 27 = 0
𝑥2 = 9
𝑥 = ±3
𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 (−3; 54) and 𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 (3; −54)
2.2 𝑦 = 4 + 12𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 3
𝑦 ′ = −6𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 12
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 12 = 0
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1) = 0
𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 (−2; −16) and 𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 (1; 11)
2.3 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 𝑛
𝑓(2) = 𝑚(2)3 − 3(2)2 − 12(2) + 𝑛
−3 = 8𝑚 − 12 − 24 + 𝑛
8𝑚 + 𝑛 = 33 ……………………………..(1)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑚𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 12
0 = 3𝑚(2)2 − 6(2) − 12
0 = 12𝑚 − 24
𝑚=2
8(2) + 𝑛 = 33
𝑛 = 17
3
Activity 3
3.1 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡(0,36)
3.2 (−2; 0) , (3; 0) and (6; 0)
3.3 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 6)(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2)
𝑦 = (𝑥 − 6)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6)
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 − 36
𝑦 ′ = 3𝑥 2 − 14𝑥
𝑥(3𝑥 − 14) = 0
𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 (0; 36) and 𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 (4,67; −27,52)
3.4
4
Activity 4
4.1.1 𝑥 = −3 and 𝑥=1
4.1.2 𝑥 < −3 and 𝑥>1
4.1.3
4.2 𝑓(3) − 𝑓(−1)
𝑚𝑎𝑣𝑟 =
3+1
5+3
𝑚𝑎𝑣𝑟 =
3+1
𝑚𝑎𝑣𝑟 =2
5
Activity 5
5.1 ℎ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 14
5.2 3𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 14 = 0
−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
−(−14) ± √(−14)2 − 4(3)(14)
𝑥=
2(3)
𝑥 = 3,22 or 𝑥 = 1,45
5.3 ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 − 8
ℎ(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 8)
ℎ(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 − 2)
∴ 𝐶(4; 0)
5.4 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = 6𝑥 − 14
7
𝑥=
3
7
𝑘=
3
Activity 6
6.1 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −6𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
0 = −6(2)2 + 2𝑎(2) + 𝑏 (2; −9)
4𝑎 + 𝑏 = 24 ……………………………..(1)
0 = −6(5)2 + 2𝑎(5) + 𝑏 (5; 18)
10𝑎 + 𝑏 = 150 ……………………………..(2)
(2) − (1):
6𝑎 = 126
𝑎 = 21
Substitute 𝑎 into (1):
4(21) + 𝑏 = 24
𝑏 = −60
−9 = −2(2)3 + 21(2)2 − 60(2) + 𝑐
𝑐 = 43
6.2 𝑥 = 1
𝑓(1) = 2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −6𝑥 2 + 42𝑥 − 60
𝑓 ′ (1) = −24
6
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑦 − 2 = −24(𝑥 − 1)
𝑦 = −24𝑥 + 26
6.3 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = −12𝑥 + 42
0 = −12𝑥 + 42
7
𝑥=
2
Activity 7
7.1 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴
𝐴𝐵 = 2,5 − (−2)
𝐴𝐵 = 4,5 units
7.2 𝑔′ (𝑥) = −6𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 12
−6𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 12 = 0
𝑥+𝑥−2=0
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 2) = 0
∴ 𝑥𝑇 = 1
7.3 𝑔′ (𝑥) = −6𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 12
𝑔′ (−3) = −24
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑦 − 11 = −24(𝑥 + 3)
𝑦 = −24𝑥 − 61
7.4 𝑦𝑇 < 7 , 𝑦𝐴 < 0 and 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡 < 20
7.5 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = −12𝑥 − 6
0 = −12𝑥 − 6
1
𝑥=−
2
7
Activity 8
8.1 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 )(𝑥 − 𝑥3 )
𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 − 3)
−6 = 𝑎(0 + 1)2 (0 − 3)
𝑎=2
𝑓(𝑥) = 2(𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 − 3)
𝑓(𝑥) = 2(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3)
𝑓(𝑥) = 2(𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 3)
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 6
𝑏 = −2
𝑐 = −10
𝑑 = −6
8.2 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 10
6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 10 = 0
3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 5 = 0
(𝑥 + 1)(3𝑥 − 5) = 0
∴ 𝐵(1,67; −18,96)
8.3 ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)
ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 6 − (6𝑥 − 6)
ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 6 − 6𝑥 + 6
ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 16𝑥
ℎ′ (𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 16
6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 16 = 0
3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 8 = 0
(3𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 2) = 0
4
∴𝑥=−
3
8
Activity 9
9.1 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2
𝑥−2=0
𝑥=2
∴ 𝐴(2; 0)
9.2 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 )(𝑥 − 𝑥3 )
𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 − 3)
−2 = 𝑎(0 + 1)2 (0 − 3)
𝑎=1
𝑓(𝑥) = 1(𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 − 3)
𝑓(𝑥) = 1(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 2)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 2
∴ 𝑐 = −3
9.3 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 3
3𝑥 2 − 3 = 0
𝑥2 = 1
𝑥 = ±1
∴ 𝐵(1; −4)
9.4 At point C:
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 2 = 𝑥 − 2
𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 = 0
𝑥(𝑥 2 − 4) = 0
𝑥(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2) = 0
∴ 𝐶(−2; −4)
𝑦𝐵 − 𝑦𝐶
𝑚𝐵𝐶 =
𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐶
−4 − (−4)
𝑚𝐵𝐶 =
−1 + 2
𝑚𝐵𝐶 = 0
∴ 𝐵𝐶||𝑥-axis
9.5 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = 6𝑥
6𝑥 = 0
𝑥=0
9.6 𝑦𝑚𝑖𝑛 < −4
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 < 0
𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡 < −2
9.7 −1 < 𝑥 < 1
9
Activity 10
10.1 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑥=2
10.2 𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 is at 𝑥 = 1
𝑇𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 is at 𝑥 = 2
When the cubic function has 𝑎 > 0, then its derivative that is the parabola will also be
having 𝑎 > 0, so the parabola will be concave up.
10.3 1+2
𝑥𝑃𝑂𝐼 =
2
3
𝑥𝑃𝑂𝐼 =
2
10.4
10
Activity 11
11.1 𝐸(0; −4)
11.2 𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 )
𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 6)
−4 = 𝑎(0 + 2)(0 − 6)
1
𝑎=
3
1
𝑔′(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 6)
3
′ (𝑥)
1 4
𝑔 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 4
3 3
11.3 𝑥 = −2 and 𝑥=6
11.4 −2 + 6
𝑥𝑃𝑂𝐼 =
2
𝑥𝑃𝑂𝐼 =2
11
