Introduction to ECLIPSE 100
Lecture 1
Haval Hawez
E-mail: [Link]@[Link]
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Contents
General Informations » • What is it ECLIPSE 100?
• How to start?
Section-header Keywords • Input data file
Keywords in Sections
Useful Information
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What is ECLIPSE 100?
• ECLIPSE 100 is a fully-implicit, three phase, three dimensional, general purpose black
oil simulator with gas condensate option.
• Program is written in FORTRAN77 and operate on any computer with an ANSI-
standard FORTRAN77 compiler and with sufficient memory.
• ECLIPSE 100 can be used to simulate 1, 2 or 3 phase systems. Two phase options
(oil/water, oil/gas, gas/water) are solved as two component systems saving both
computer storage and computer time. In addition to gas dissolving in oil (variable
bubble point pressure or gas/oil ratio), ECLIPSE 100 may also be used to model oil
vaporizing in gas (variable dew point pressure or oil/gas ratio).
• Both corner-point and conventional block-center geometry options are available in
ECLIPSE. Radial and Cartesian block-center options are available in 1, 2 or 3
dimensions. A 3D radial option completes the circle allowing flow to take place
across the 0/360 degree interface.
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How to START?
• To run simulation you need an input file with all data concerning reservoir
and process of its exploitation.
• Input data for ECLIPSE is prepared in free format using a keyword system.
Any standard editor may be used to prepare the input file. Alternatively
ECLIPSE Office may be used to prepare data interactively through panels,
and submit runs.
• The name of input file has to be in the following format: [Link]
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Input Data File
• An ECLIPSE data input file is split into sections, each of which is
introduced by a section-header keyword. A list of all section-header
keywords is given in following, together with a brief description of
the contents of each section and examples of keywords using in file
code.
• Note that all keywords in input file have to be in proper order
• The keywords in the input data file (including section-header
keywords) are each of up to 8 characters in length and must start in
column 1. All characters up to column 8 are significant. Any
characters on the same line as a keyword from column 9 onwards will
be treated as a comment.
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Section-header Keywords
•The list of section-header keywords in proper order:
RUNSPEC
GRID
EDIT
PROPS
REGIONS
SOLUTION
SUMMARY
SCHEDULE
It is recommended that the body of sections which are not frequently
changed be held in separate files which are included in the data using
the INCLUDE keyword.
A data record has to be ended with a slash [/]
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Section-header Keywords
RUNSPEC
Status: REQUIRED
Title, problem dimensions, switches, phases present,
components etc.
GRID
Status: REQUIRED
The GRID section determines the basic geometry of the simulation
grid and various rock properties (porosity, absolute
permeability, net-to-gross ratios) in each grid cell. From this
information, the program calculates the grid block pore
volumes, mid-point depths and inter-block transmissibilities.
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Section-header Keywords
EDIT
Status: OPTIONAL
Modifications to calculated pore volumes, grid block centre
depths and transmissibilities.
PROPS
Status: REQUIRED
Tables of properties of reservoir rock and fluids as functions
of fluid pressures, saturations and compositions (density,
viscosity, relative permeability, capillary pressure etc.).
Contains the equation of state description in
compositional runs.
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Section-header Keywords
REGIONS
Status: OPTIONAL
Splits computational grid into regions for calculation of:
- PVT properties (fluid densities and viscosities),
- saturation properties (relative permeabilities and capillary pressures)
- initial conditions, (equilibrium pressures and saturations)
- fluids in place (fluid in place and inter-region flows)
If this section is omitted, all grid blocks are put in region 1.
SOLUTION
Status: REQUIRED
Specification of initial conditions in reservoir - may be:
- calculated using specified fluid contact depths to give potential equilibrium
- read from a restart file set up by an earlier run
- specified by the user for every grid block (not recommended for general use)
This section contains sufficient data to define the initial state (pressure, saturations,
compositions) of every grid block in the reservoir.
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Section-header Keywords
SUMMARY
Status: OPTIONAL
Specification of data to be written to the Summary file after each
time step. Necessary if certain types of graphical output (for
example water-cut as a function of time) are to be generated
after the run has finished. If this section is omitted no
Summary files are created.
SCHEDULE
Status: REQUIRED
Specifies the operations to be simulated (production and injection
controls and constraints) and the times at which output
reports are required. Vertical flow performance curves and
simulator tuning parameters may also be specified in the
SCHEDULE section.
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Section-header Keywords
RUNSPEC section
TITLE title
DIMENS number of blocks in X,Y,Z directions
OIL, WATER, GAS, VAPOIL, DISGAS the active phases present
FIELD/METRIC/LAB unit convention
WELLDIMS well and group dimensions
UNIFIN indicates that input files are unified
UNIFOUT indicates that output files are unified
START start date of the simulation
NOSIM data checking only, with no simulation
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Section-header Keywords
RUNSPEC section
TITLE title
DIMENS number of blocks in X,Y,Z directions
OIL, WATER, GAS, VAPOIL, DISGAS the active phases present
FIELD/METRIC/LAB unit convention
WELLDIMS well and group dimensions
UNIFIN indicates that input files are unified
UNIFOUT indicates that output files are unified
START start date of the simulation
NOSIM data checking only, with no simulation
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Section-header Keywords
GRID section
TOPS depths of top faces of grid blocks for the
current box; data is taken from Structure map,
and geological model from IRAP
DX, DY, DZ X,Y,Z-direction grid block sizes for the current box; data is
taken from Isopac map, and geological model from IRAP
PERMX, PERMY, PERMZ X,Y,Z-direction permeabilities for
the current box; data is taken from
Isopac map, and geological model from IRAP
PORO grid block porosities for the current box;
data is taken from Isopac map,
and geological model from IRAP
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Section-header Keywords
GRID section
TOPS depths of top faces of grid blocks for the
current box; data is taken from Structure map,
and geological model from IRAP
DX, DY, DZ X,Y,Z-direction grid block sizes for the current box; data is
taken from Isopac map, and geological model from IRAP
PERMX, PERMY, PERMZ X,Y,Z-direction permeabilities for
the current box; data is taken from
Isopac map, and geological model from IRAP
PORO grid block porosities for the current box;
data is taken from Isopac map,
and geological model from IRAP
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Section-header Keywords
PROPS section
SWFN water relative permeability and capillary
pressure as functions of Sw
oil relative permeability as a function of So saturation tables
SOF3 from special
in three phase system core analysis
SGFN gas relative permeability and capillary
pressure as functions of Sg
PVTO FVF and viscosity of live oil as functions of
pressure and Rs
reservoir fluid
PVTG FVF and viscosity of wet gas as functions of properties from
pressure and Rv PVT analysis
PVTW FVF, compressibility and viscosity of water
DENSITY stock tank fluid densities
ROCK rock compressibility
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Section-header Keywords
PROPS section
SWFN water relative permeability and capillary
pressure as functions of Sw
oil relative permeability as a function of So saturation tables
SOF3 from special
in three phase system core analysis
SGFN gas relative permeability and capillary
pressure as functions of Sg
PVTO FVF and viscosity of live oil as functions of
pressure and Rs
reservoir fluid
PVTG FVF and viscosity of wet gas as functions of properties from
pressure and Rv PVT analysis
PVTW FVF, compressibility and viscosity of water
DENSITY stock tank fluid densities
ROCK rock compressibility
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Section-header Keywords
PROPS section
SWFN water relative permeability and capillary
pressure as functions of Sw
oil relative permeability as a function of So saturation tables
SOF3 from special
in three phase system core analysis
SGFN gas relative permeability and capillary
pressure as functions of Sg
PVTO FVF and viscosity of live oil as functions of
pressure and Rs
reservoir fluid
PVTG FVF and viscosity of wet gas as functions of properties from
pressure and Rv PVT analysis
PVTW FVF, compressibility and viscosity of water
DENSITY stock tank fluid densities
ROCK rock compressibility
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Section-header Keywords
REGIONS section
FIPNUM fluid-in-place regions
SATNUM saturation table regions
EQLNUM equilibration regions
PVTNUM PVT data regions
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Section-header Keywords
SOLUTION section
EQUIL fluid contact depths and other
equilibration parameters;
data taken from well testing
RESTART name of the restart file
RPTSOL report switches for SOLUTION data
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Section-header Keywords
SOLUTION section
EQUIL fluid contact depths and other
equilibration parameters;
data taken from well testing
RESTART name of the restart file
RPTSOL report switches for SOLUTION data
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Section-header Keywords
SUMMARY section
FOPT Field Oil Production Total
FOPR Field Oil Production Rate
FGOR Field Gas-Oil Ratio
FWIR Field Water Injection Rate
FOE Field Oil Efficiency
FPR Field PRessure
WBHP Well Bottom Hole Pressure
FWCT Field Water CuT
WOPR Well Oil Production Rate
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Section-header Keywords
SUMMARY section
FOPT Field Oil Production Total
FOPR Field Oil Production Rate
FGOR Field Gas-Oil Ratio
FWIR Field Water Injection Rate
FOE Field Oil Efficiency
FPR Field PRessure
WBHP Well Bottom Hole Pressure
FWCT Field Water CuT
WOPR Well Oil Production Rate
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Section-header Keywords
SCHEDULE section
RPTSCHED report switches to select which simulation
results are to be printed at report times
TUNING time step and convergence controls
introduces a new well, defining its name, the position of
WELSPECS
the wellhead, its bottom hole reference depth and other
specification data
COMDAT specifies the position and properties of one or more well
completions; this must be entered after the WELSPECS
WCONPROD control data for production wells
WCONINJE control data for injection wells
WCONHIST observed rates for history matching wells
TSTEP or DATE advances simulator to new report time(s)
or specified report date(s)
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Section-header Keywords
SCHEDULE section
RPTSCHED report switches to select which simulation
results are to be printed at report times
TUNING time step and convergence controls
introduces a new well, defining its name, the position of
WELSPECS
the wellhead, its bottom hole reference depth and other
specification data
COMDAT specifies the position and properties of one or more well
completions; this must be entered after the WELSPECS
WCONPROD control data for production wells
WCONINJE control data for injection wells
WCONHIST observed rates for history matching wells
TSTEP or DATE advances simulator to new report time(s)
or specified report date(s)
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Section-header Keywords
SCHEDULE section
RPTSCHED report switches to select which simulation
results are to be printed at report times
TUNING time step and convergence controls
introduces a new well, defining its name, the position of
WELSPECS
the wellhead, its bottom hole reference depth and other
specification data
COMDAT specifies the position and properties of one or more well
completions; this must be entered after the WELSPECS
WCONPROD control data for production wells
WCONINJE control data for injection wells
WCONHIST observed rates for history matching wells
TSTEP or DATE advances simulator to new report time(s)
or specified report date(s)
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Useful Information
Repeat counts
In the data following a keyword, asterisks may be used to signify repeat counts.
A data quantity can be repeated a required number of times by preceding it
with the required number and an asterisk.
There must be no intervening blank spaces next to the asterisk on either side.
For example, the two following cases are equivalent: RPTSCHED
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
See an example 0 2 0 0 2 /
RPTSCHED
11*0 2 2*0 2 /
Comments
• Any lines beginning with the two characters ‘--’ are treated as comments, and will be
ignored by ECLIPSE. Comment lines (and blank lines also) may be inserted anywhere
in the data file. Comments may also be added to the end of lines of data by beginning
the comment with the two characters ‘--’, but in this case the comments must not
contain any quotes. Comments can also be included, without the two characters ‘--’,
on the same line after a slash (/) which is used to terminate a data record.
-- VARIATION OF INITIAL RS WITH DEPTH
--
See an example -- DEPTH RS
RSVD
8200 1.270
8500 1.270 / 26
Useful Information
Default values
• Certain items of data can be defaulted to a built-in default value. The keyword
description will indicate when defaults can be applied. There are two ways of setting
quantities to their default values. Firstly, by ending a data record prematurely with a
slash (/) the quantities remaining unspecified will be set to their default values. Secondly,
selected quantities positioned before the slash can be defaulted by entering n* where n
is the number of consecutive quantities to be defaulted. For example, 3* will cause the
next three quantities in the keyword data to be given their default values. There must be
no blank space between the number and the asterisk. If there is only one item at a time
to be defaulted, then 1* must be entered. An asterisk by itself is not sufficient.
See an example WCONPROD
'PRODUCER' 'OPEN' 'ORAT' 20000 4* 1000 /
/
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