General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School

Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,

Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Rosmarinus officinalis and Ocimum basilicum as Insect Repellents

Prepared by the members of Group 1 in SSSP Grade 8 Research from Gen.

Licerio Memorial National High School

In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Grade 8 Secondary

Special Science Program of the School Year 2023 – 2024

Group 1:

Leader: Regis, Sabbria Khyla R. Bragado, Charls T.

Assistant Leader: Aguilar, Paula Briagas, Vinci Wayne L.

Krishna
Ramos, Rondel Yanis D.

Allayban, Mary Elisha B.

Reyes, Almario E.

Borreros, Emerald Joy E.

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 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers have finally reached the end of their study, and it has been a

long journey. They couldn't have done it without the support and advice of some

important people.

The researchers would like to express their sincere gratitude to:

Mr. Ramil Atibagos for providing valuable assistance to this project. Without

his support, including the necessary resources and necessary information, the study

would not have been as successful.

Mr. Sherwin Vill S. Soto, for authenticating the researchers paper and Mr.

Jhon Ray Catalan for the final validation. Thank you for your full support on this

study, and you really helped the researchers gain more knowledge and

understanding. This study won't be possible to finish without you.

The family and friends of the researchers, who were there every step of the

way during this period, their dedication and hard work made everything possible.

The participants, who agreed to help and provided their thoughts about the

products, their intelligence and kindness have helped us finish this study

successfully.

Lastly, the Almighty God, for providing the researchers with sufficient strength

and intelligence to carry out their study. Without his divine intervention, the study

would not have been possible.

The researchers are pleased to have completed this study, and they hope

that their findings will prove useful to others.

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 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

DEDICATION

This study is dedicated to:

The researchers' families, who have been a constant source of support,

encouragement and inspiration.

As well as our friends and teachers,

we couldn't do it without their support and mentorship.

I am grateful for their tireless efforts and sacrifices

and I am honored

to have had the opportunity to

work with such an incredible team.

Your contributions are invaluable and

your support has made this study possible.

Thank you.

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 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to determine the acceptability of basil and

rosemary as insect repellents and to reduce the use of chemical repellents by

promoting an environmentally friendly alternative that reduces skin irritation.

The researchers conducted a survey to determine the acceptability of basil

and rosemary as insect repellents. The researchers surveyed 50 Grade 8 students at

Gen. Licerio Memorial National High School to test the two insect repellents made

from Rosemary and Basil.

The findings of this study revealed that natural insect repellents made from

basil and rosemary were quite effective in repelling insects. Furthermore, the

researchers discovered that insect repellents work best when applied directly to the

skin rather than the insects themselves. The participants also suggested that insect

repellents be improved in terms of scent, duration, and effectiveness. These findings

indicate that the use of natural insect repellents has the potential to reduce

environmental pollution and promote sustainable living habits.

Keywords: insect repellent, natural product, organic materials,

rosemary, and basil.

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Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ……………………………………………………...2

DEDICATION ……………………………………………………………...…3

ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………..…4

TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………….5-6

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ………………………………………...7

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study…………………………………………….8-9

Statement of the Problem …………………………………………..10

Significance of the Study ………………………….……………..…10-11

Scope and Delimitation ………………………………………...……11

CHAPTER II: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Review of Related Literature and Studies …………………………12-15

Conceptual Framework ………………………………………………16

Hypothesis …………………………………………………………….17

Definition of Terms ……………………………………………………17

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Method of Research …………………………………………………18

Sources of Data ……………………………………………………...18

Data Gathering Instruments ………………………………………...19

Data Gathering Procedure …………………………………………..19-21

Statistical Treatment of Data ………………………………………..22

CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA ……………………………………….23-26

CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary ………………………………………………………………27

Conclusions …………………………………………………………...28

Recommendations ……………………………………………………29-30

BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………...…30-34

APPENDICES

Appendix A …………………………………………………………….35

Appendix B …………………………………………………………….37

LIST OF TABLES:

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 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Table 1. The Importance of Insect Repellents in Daily Routine as Perceived

by Selected Grade 8 Students ……………………………….………15

Table 2. The Effectiveness of Rosemary as Insect Repellent as Perceived by

Selected Grade 8 Students …………………………………….........16

Table 3. The Effectiveness of Basil Leaves as Insect Repellent as Perceived

by Selected Grade 8 Students …………………………................…17

Table 4. Computed t - Test Results Between the Evaluations of the Two

Insect Repellents ……………………………………………….…....18

LIST OF FIGURES:

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study ………………..……9

CHAPTER I

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Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the background of the study, the statement of the

problem, the significance of the study, and the scope and delimitations of the study.

Background of the Study

A popular plant known for its culinary uses; rosemary's insect-repelling

properties increase its value. According to Cox of The Gardening Talk (2015), the

essential oil from rosemary contains potent chemicals like cineole, camphor, and

limonene, which are known for their ability to repel mosquitoes.

When rosemary is burned or crushed, these compounds are released into the

air and create a barrier that repels mosquitoes. This has been confirmed by two

academic studies that looked at the effectiveness of rosemary's natural insect

repellent. A 20% oil solution on rosemary offered 100% protection against

mosquitoes for 8 hours, according to Amer et al (2006), while Govindarajan (2011)

found that rosemary completely repelled mosquitoes for 90 minutes.

Ocimum basilicum, also known as basil, is a member of the mint family and is

used in cooking. It is a tender plant that is used in many different cuisines. The

variety also known as sweet basil or Genovese basil is referred to simply as "basil" in

Western cuisine. Tropical areas from Central Africa to Southeast Asia are where

basil is indigenous. Basil is grown as an annual in temperate climates, but in warmer

horticultural zones with tropical or Mediterranean climates, basil can be grown as a

short-lived perennial or biennial. Additionally, basil works well as a fly and mosquito

repellent. rubbing fresh leaves on the skin is incredibly helpful. Rosemary and basil

have been shown in some studies to be effective at deterring mosquitoes and other

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Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

insects. Fresh leaves are preferred because dried leaves tend to quickly lose their

aromatic properties, which reduces the product's effectiveness.

Plant-based repellents have been used in traditional practice for generations

as a personal protection approach against various Anopheles species. The

development of new natural products as an alternative to chemical repellents benefits

greatly from knowledge of traditional repellent plants. Numerous studies have

documented evidence of the ability of plant extracts or essential oils to repel malaria

vectors on a global scale. In order to determine how well plant-based repellents work

against Anopheles mosquitoes, a systematic review was conducted by Amin

Asadollahi et al. (2019). Through the databases of PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and

Google Scholar, all appropriate studies on the repellent properties of plants against

Anopheles mosquitoes that had been published up until July 2018 were

systematically searched. The percentage repellency and protection time were used

as outcome measures.

The researchers embarked on this study with the goal of formulating natural

insect repellents, intending to minimize the dependency on toxic alternatives. The

researchers objective was to safeguard vulnerable populations, including children

and individuals prone to diseases, from insects that pose a risk of causing serious

illnesses.

Statement of the Problem

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Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

This study sought to develop Rosemary and Basil as effective natural insect

repellents in order to reduce the use of chemical insect repellents and promote the

use of environmentally friendly repellents. It responds to the following questions.

1. What is the perception of the participants about the importance of insect

repellent in daily routine?

2. What is the level of acceptability of the developed Rosemary insect repellent?

3. What is the level of acceptability of the developed Basil insect repellent?

4. Is there a significant difference between the acceptability level of the

Rosemary and Basil insect repellents?

Significance of the Study

The findings of this study may benefit the students, teachers, parents, school

administration and future researchers. The following discuss why they may benefit

from the developed insect repellents.

Students. They may benefit from the repellants ability to prevent insect bites

and also repel most insects in its surrounding area, allowing them to have a safe

environment and focus on their studies.

Teachers. They may help the teachers as it may keep the insects away

allowing them to teach effectively, and may also help them save money with these

simple and cheap insect repellants.

Parents. This may help parents by providing a safe and effective way to

protect their children and family from insect-borne diseases. By using a natural insect

repellent, parents may help keep their children safe from insect bites and the

diseases they carry.

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Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

School Administration. They may benefit from the study as it could keep

insects at bay, allowing them to have a safe and clean environment for the students

and work efficiently.

Future Researchers. They may benefit from this study by using this as a

future reference for more studies and helping their analytic skills. It may also help

them to be aware and more knowledgeable of the processes ahead of them.

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

The primary goal of this study is to determine the acceptability level of

rosemary and basil leaves as natural insect repellent. The study will focus on

determining the acceptability of these plant extracts in repelling common insects.

Data will be collected using survey and Likert scale instruments. The study will only

survey 50 Grade 8 students at Gen. Licerio Memorial National High School during

the school year 2023-2024.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

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 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

This chapter presents the review of literature and studies pertinent to and

essential to the completion of this study.

Related Literature and Studies

Rosemary is an evergreen bushy shrub which grows along the Mediterranean

Sea, and sub-Himalayan areas. In folk medicine, it has been used as an

antispasmodic mild analgesia, to cure intercostal neuralgia, headaches, migraine,

insomnia, emotional upset, and depression. On the other hand, Basil is an annual

plant of the Ocimum genus, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is used in

traditional medicine in many parts of the world.

According to Hesham R El-Seedi et al. (2012) the essential oils of the dry

leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) were isolated by steam distillation and

15 μg/cm2 concentration of oils was tested against ticks in a laboratory bioassay. The

oils of Rosemary showed strong repellency against the ticks.

According to Masatoshi Hori (1998) The repellencies of B labiate essential

oils against Hyzus persicae were investigated with a linear track olfactometer.

Rosemary, thyme, peppermint, lavender, and spearmint oils repelled aphids at a

dose of 10 μl.

Basil leaves are known to be natural insect repellents for its aroma. It is used

for killing and repelling mosquitoes, it is toxic if used against the larvae stage of an

insect thus rendering it useful if placed near standing water (Daniels, E., 2018).

In this study conducted in 2009, the first factor is forest basil leaves extracted

with 5 level concentrations, there are 0.3% 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2%, 1.5%, and 0% as

control, whereas the second factor is observation period that began after the death of

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 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
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Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

the larvae. The results showed the influence of forest basil leaves extract against

third instar larvae mortality of Aedes aegypti, and the most effective concentration of

basil leaves extract to kill the larvae was 1.5% LC50 values of this study was a 0.97%,

and for the LC90 value was 1.42%. The conclusion of this study is basil leaf extract

forest affect mortality third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and the most effective

concentration of extract was of 1.5% (Ismalia Husna et al., 2020).

According to a research published in 2011, basil leaves can prevent several

species of mosquitoes with a 79% effectiveness when used alone, without the need

for any other compounds. In a laboratory context, the aforementioned review also

discovered a 100% deterrent rate in mosquitoes. The review even emphasizes that

the safest concentration of basil extracts to use is 0.07% in order to lower the danger

of exposure to methyl eugenol, a recognized carcinogen.

A study conducted by Ayu Manik Pratiwi et al. (2021) determined whether

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L) can serve as a repellent preparation for Aedes

aegypti mosquitoes by conducting a repellent test using Rosemary (Rosmarinus

officinalis L) gel. Rosemary essential oils (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) are used in

positive control repellent products that contain DEET and are manufactured as gel

preparations with different concentrations, namely 6%, 12%, and 24%. The volunteer

took four days to finish the process. The volunteer arms were placed into the cage

with the gel-applied and 50 insects inside. Every four hours, for five minutes, the test

is run through five times. The outcome demonstrates that, at an F3 24%

concentration, rosemary essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalis L) gel exhibits a

repellent effect against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, providing 92,15% protection for a

period of four hours.

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 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

The effectiveness of the extract of basil (Ocimum basilicum) were tested

against adult mosquitoes carrying the Anopheles arabiensis patton was investigated

in a study carried out at the National Malaria Center in Sennar State, Sudan. The

findings show that a 10% concentration of basil extract outperforms a standard

insecticide in terms of repellent properties for up to two hours.

Study conducted by Kumar, et. al., (2017) showed that the essential oil of

Basil (Ocimum basilicum) leaves is recommended as an efficient repellent and as a

moderate larvicide agent against Ae. aegypti. The discovery of bioactive components

of the basil leaves oil. In evaluating the outcome, the creation of a new strategy for

mosquito management is needed to be acquired, knowing all aspects with the help of

advance way of identifying its properties and components.

A study by Gabi Baba et al. (2012) aimed to screen the phytochemicals and

compare the mosquito repellent activities of essential oils from Hyptis spicigera,

Striga hermonthica and Ocimum basilicum (Basil) against Anopheles gambiae and

Culex quinquefasciatus under laboratory conditions. The essential oils of Striga

hermonthica, Ocimum basilicum and Hyptis spicigera leaf extracts have been

confirmed to have potentials as mosquito repellent agents against Anopheles

gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus.

The research on the insecticidal potential of the basil plant (Ocimum

Basillicum) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and their ability to achieve 100%

mortality against American cockroaches was carried out at the research laboratory

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Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

room of Cebu Doctors University. The results showed that at 50% concentration,

both leaf extracts were able to achieve 100% cockroach mortality; the only difference

was in the time it took, with basil achieving 100% mortality much faster than clove.

Conceptual Framework of the Study

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 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Review of related Development of Recommendations,
literatures and studies, products, and improvement of
sampling technique, implementation, and the products based on
and planning conduction of survey the recommendations

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 presents the conceptual framework of the study. The first box

contains the researchers review of related literatures and studies that may be useful

in this study, the sampling technique that will be used to determine the sample size,

and the planning and preparations for the making of the research paper. The second

box states the process that follows the preparations, including product development,

product implementation, and conducting a survey to determine the results. The

procedure for determining the outcomes is contained in the third box, which also

includes participants suggestions that could be helpful and the improvement to the

product version based on the participants suggestions.

Many of us are familiar with rosemary, and its woodsy aroma repels

mosquitoes, cabbage moths, and carrot flies. Rosemary is effective at repelling

slugs, beetles, mosquitoes, and other insects. They thrive in containers and prefer

hot, dry climates, making them ideal for locations with harsh winters. Basil is another

herb that effectively deters pests. Basil leaves emit a strong scent that repels pests.

This herb requires plenty of sunlight, good drainage, and a damp environment.

Research Hypotheses

The following null hypotheses will be tested in this study:

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Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

1. The participants do not find insect repellents important in daily routine.

2. The level of acceptability of the developed Rosemary insect repellent

was not effective according to the mean of the rates of the

participants.

3. The level of acceptability of the developed Basil insect repellent was

not effective according to the mean of the rates of the participants.

4. There is no significant difference between the level of acceptability of

rosemary and basil as effective insect repellents.

Definition of Terms Used in the Study

The following terms are further defined either operationally or conceptually.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). According to V. Kumar et al. (2016),

Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae) is an ancient Mediterranean shrub with a strong

pungent aroma, dark green elongated leaves, and white or purple flowers.

Basil Leaves (Ocimum basilicum). According to Boeackmann (2024), Basil

A member of the mint family (Lamiaceae), basil is one of the most popular culinary

herbs.

Production. According to Tomasetti (2024), the process of creating goods

and products from raw materials or components.

Implementation. Defined by Lutkevich (2022), the execution or practice of a

plan, a method or any design, idea, model, specification, standard or policy for doing

something.

CHAPTER III

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 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the method of research, sources of data, data

gathering instruments, data gathering procedures, and statistical treatment of data.

Method of Research

Research and development design is used in this study. According to Kenton

(2024), the term research and development (RnD) refers to a set of activities that

businesses engage in to innovate and introduce new products and services. The

researchers determined the acceptability level of Rosemary and Basil to see if there

is a significant difference between the acceptability level of Rosemary and Basil.

Sources of Data

The researchers selected 50 random participants of Grade 8 students at Gen.

Licerio Memorial National High School. There are two to four respondents in each

section of Grade 8.

The sampling technique of this study is volunteer sampling. According to

Aransiola (2023), volunteer sampling is a non-probability sampling method where

participants self-select into a study. The researchers rely on volunteers who express

interest in taking part.

Data Gathering Instruments

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 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

A survey and Likert scale served as the instrument of this study. According to

Check and Schutt (2012), a survey is the collection of information from a sample of

people via their responses to questions. According to Bhandari and Nikolopoulou

(2020), a Likert scale is a rating scale that is used to assess opinions, attitudes, or

behaviors.

The researchers developed the survey questions to answer the research

questions of the study. The researchers asked an expert to validate the content and

structure of the survey questions. After validating the survey questions, the

researchers revised the questions according to the recommendations of the expert.

The survey contained questions about the importance of insect repellent to

daily routine, the Likert scale wherein the participants rated the insect repellents, the

participants preferred scent of insect repellents, and the participants

recommendations of the products.

Data Gathering Procedure

The study will be divided into seven stages: collection of materials, product

development, implementation of the products, making of survey questions, validation

of the survey, answering the survey, and analyzation and interpretation of the data.

Stage I: Collection of Materials. Where the researchers gather all the

necessary materials for development of the products. This step sets the foundation of

this study by ensuring the researchers have everything that is needed.

Stage II: Product Development. The process of creating the repellents. This

involves mixing and formulating the materials to make the insect repellents. The basil

insect repellent is steeped in hot water for about 30 minutes or more, then it was

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Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

blended and strained to get the pure extract. The rosemary is boiled in hot water and

strained to get the pure extract.

Stage III: Implementation of the Products. The researchers themselves will

test the effectiveness of the repellents. This hands-on approach allows us to directly

observe and evaluate the performance of each repellent.

Stage IV: Making of Survey Questions. The researchers focus on

developing survey questions. These questions will help us gather valuable feedback

from participants about their experiences with the repellents.

Stage V: Validation of Survey Questions. In this stage, the researchers

ensured that the questions are clear, relevant, and effectively capture the information

needed from the participants.

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Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Stage VI: Conduction of Survey. The researchers will go to the respondents

personally and let them test the repellents themselves and give time to answer the

survey. This step allows the researchers to assess the practical effectiveness of the

repellents in real-world scenarios.

Stage VII: Analyzation and Interpretation of the Data. The researchers dig

into analyzing the collected data using appropriate statistical techniques. This step

allows the researchers to uncover meaningful insights and draw conclusions from the

computed results.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The following statistical procedures were used to interpret the data collected

from the researcher’s observation: mean and t-test.

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Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Mean. According to Hayes (2023), the simple mathematical average of a set

of two or more numbers. It will be used to gain the average of the results. The mean

will be used to determine the average of the ratings of each repellent and see its

acceptability level.

T-test. According to Hayes (2023), an inferential statistic used to determine if

there is a significant difference between the means of two groups and how they are

related. This will be used to compute the difference of the means of the two groups.

The T-test will be used to compute and know if there is a significant difference

between the acceptability level of basil and rosemary.

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

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This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data

gathered in this study.

Table 1

The Importance of Insect Repellents in Daily Routine as Perceived by

Selected Grade 8 Students

Yes or No How many voted for each

Yes 47 (94%)

No 3 (6%)

Total: 50 (100%)

As shown in table 1, 47 participants voted for yes out of 50 participants or

94% out of 100%. While, 3 participants voted for no out of 50 participants or 6% out

of 100%. This proved that the majority of the participants find insect repellents

important in daily routine.

Table 2

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Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

The Effectiveness of Rosemary as Insect Repellent as Perceived by Selected

Grade 8 Students

VI How many voted for each VI

1-Not Effective 0 (0%)

2-Slightly Effective 2 (4%)

3-Moderately Effective 17 (34%)

4-Effective 18 (36%)

5-Very Effective 13 (26%)

Total: 50 (100%)

Mean: 3.84

As shown in table 2, it gained 3.84 points as the mean or average. The verbal

interpretation of Not Effective received 0 votes from 50 respondents. Slightly

Effective's verbal interpretation received 2 votes from 50 respondents or 4% out of

100%. The verbal interpretation of Moderately Effective received 17 votes from 50

respondents or 34% out of 100%. The verbal interpretation of Effective received 18

votes out of 50 respondents or 36% out of 100%. The verbal interpretation of Very

Effective received 13 votes from 50 respondents or 26% out of 100%. Thus,

rosemary as an insect repellent is deemed to be effective according to the rates of

each participant.

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 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
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Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Table 3

The Effectiveness of Basil Leaves as Insect Repellent as Perceived by

Selected Grade 8 Students

VI How many voted for each VI

1-Not Effective 1 (2%)

2-Slightly Effective 4 (8%)

3-Moderately Effective 16 (32%)

4-Effective 12 (24%)

5-Very Effective 17 (34%)

Total: 50 (100%)

Mean: 3.80

As shown in table 3, it gained an average of 3.80 points. The verbal

interpretation of Not Effective received 1 vote out of 50 respondents or 2% out of

100%. The verbal interpretation of Slightly Effective received 4 votes out of 50

respondents or 8% out of 100%. The verbal interpretation of Moderately Effective

received 16 votes from 50 respondents or 32% out of 100%. The verbal interpretation

of Effective received 12 votes out of 50 respondents or 24% out of 100%. The verbal

interpretation of Very Effective received 17 votes from 50 respondents or 34% out of

100%. Thus, basil as an insect repellent is deemed to be effective according to the

rates of each participant.

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 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
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Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

In this instance, the researchers sought to provide an understandable

analysis of the data illustrating the differences between the acceptability level of

Rosemary and Basil.

Table 4

Computed t - Test Results Between the Evaluations of the Two Insect

Repellents

Group Mean t-value P-value t-critical Ho

Rosemary 3.84 Failed to

0.21 0.4187 1.661 Reject Null
Basil Leaves 3.80 Hypothesis 4

Table 4 shows that the computed t-value for the two groups, Rosemary and

Basil Leaves, is 0.21 and is smaller than the critical t-value of 1.661 at the 0.05 level

of significance. This indicates that the researchers failed to reject the null hypothesis

4, and thus there is no significant difference between the acceptability level of

Rosemary and Basil Leaves as insect repellents.

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 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
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Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter represents the summary, conclusions, and recommendations of

the study.

Summary

The study aimed to develop a natural insect repellent to diminish reliance on

harmful insect repellents, safeguarding vulnerable individuals, particularly children,

from insect-borne diseases. The researchers sought to evaluate the effectiveness of

Rosemary and Basil Leaves as natural alternatives. This eco-friendly approach not

only benefits those averse to chemical repellents but also provides an economical

solution for those with financial constraints.

The method of this study is Research and Development (RnD). The

instruments used in this study are survey and Likert scale, the survey being validated

by an expert. The researchers selected 50 participants who volunteered in Grade 8

at Gen. Licerio Memorial National High School. The process of the study was not too

tiring, as the repellants were easy to make, so that the participants, would not have a

hard time, processing and creating their own insect repellents with the same

materials, at home. The steps the researchers took in the process of making the

Basil repellent were: steeping it in hot water for 30 minutes or more, blending it, and

straining it to get the pure extract. The steps the researchers took in the process of

making the Rosemary repellent were: boiling it in hot water for 30 minutes or more,

and straining it to get the pure extract.

27
 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

The test results found that there is no significant difference between the two.

Although, it is not as effective as other repellents, it is still quite effective.

Conclusions

The following are the conclusions of the study which are the results of the

data gathered.

The researchers have concluded that the participants find insect repellents

necessary and important in daily routine.

The researchers observed that the acceptability level of Rosemary is effective

according to the mean of the rates of the participants.

The researchers have concluded that the acceptability level of Basil is

effective according to the mean of the rates of the participants.

Through various tests, the researchers concluded that there was no

discernible difference in the acceptability level between Rosemary and Basil.

28
 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Recommendations

The following are the recommendations presented for the improvement and

development of the study.

Researchers are advised to broaden the scope of their insect testing to

ensure the longevity of observed effects. This approach aids in establishing the

robustness and reliability of the outcomes over an extended period. Exploring diverse

insect species contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of potential

variations in reactions, enhancing the scientific validity of the study.

Researchers should take into account the quantities of rosemary and basil

leaves as well as the liquid utilized in their experiment to optimize experimental

conditions. Variations in these ingredients could significantly impact the outcomes of

the study, warranting careful consideration.

Researchers should take into account the quantity of plant extract utilized to

produce the desired aromatic scent for the product, as it directly impacts the sensory

experience. Balancing the amount of plant extract is crucial to achieving an optimal

fragrance profile without overwhelming or underwhelming the senses.

Researchers may focus on improving the visual aesthetics of the product to

enhance its appeal and captivate the interest of the public. This may involve

redesigning packaging, refining product design, or enhancing branding elements.

Researchers may also consider the amount of plant extract used to prolong

and improve the repellents effectiveness. Considering the amount of plant extract

used to make the effects last longer, people will want to try the repellents for

themselves and see their effectiveness.

29
 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Bevans, R. (2022, December 5). Guide to experimental design: Overview, steps,

& examples. Scribbr. Retrieved April 23, 2023, from

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Bhandari, P. (2023, June 22). What is a Likert scale?: Guide & examples. Scribbr.

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of Basil (ocimum basilicum) and clove (syzygium aromaticum) leaf extracts

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AK; (2012a, September). Chemical composition and repellency of essential

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Ixodidae). Journal of medical entomology.

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Elsiddig, F. (2015). Response of mosquito (anopheles arabiensis Patton) adult to

leaves hexane extract of Rehan (ocimum basilicum L.). Egyptian Academic

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 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, M., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2020, September). Therapeutic

effects of rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis L.) and its active constituents on

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Hori, M. (1998, January 1). Repellency of Rosemary Oil against myzus persicae in a

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repellent: A case study of total mosquito mortality (AEDES AEGYPTI 3rd

instar). Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1467(1), 012014.

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Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Kenton, W. (n.d.). Research and development (R&D) definition, types, and

importance. Investopedia. [Link]

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 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Ponto, J. (2015, March 1). Understanding and evaluating survey research. Journal of

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Wikimedia Foundation. (2023, September 29). Basil. Wikipedia.

[Link]

APPENDIX A

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 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Rosemary

([Link]

Basil Leaves

([Link]

uses)

Survey Questions

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 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

APPENDIX B

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 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Extraction of Rosemary Leaves

Extraction of Basil Leaves

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 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Conduction of Survey

38
 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Sabbria Khyla R. Regis

39
 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Address: 373 Col S Cruz St.,

Brgy. San Rafael, Rodriguez, Rizal

Email: sabbriak@[Link]

Number: 09617140585

Age: 13

Birthday: May 2, 2010

Birthplace: Montalban Rizal

Gender: Female

Skills: Can memorize easily, organizing, can solve puzzles

Talents: Singing and Dancing

Ambition: Become a Forensic Scientist

Hobbies: Playing and spending time with my cats

Interest: Science and Archeology

Motto: Be the change you wish to see in the world.

Achievements: From elementary up to now consistent honor student

Father’s Name: Steve Regis

Mother’s Name: Raquel Regis

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Paula Krishna Aguilar

Address: Blk 1 Lot 16-3 Greenrose San Rafael,

40
 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Rodriguez, Rizal

Email: [Link]@[Link]

Number: 09696409554

Age: 14

Birthday: January 25, 2010

Birthplace: Quezon City

Gender: Female

Skills: Impromptu speaking, can write essays easily

Talents: Dancing, Acting, Poem Reciting

Ambition: to be a great leader someday. I also want to be a successful

lawyer.

Hobbies: Watch, play games

Interest: Listening to music

Motto: Keep Going, Keep Learning

Achievements: From G1 to G6 consistent with high honors and with honors

student

Mother’s Name: Rosemarie O. Aguilar

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Mary Elisha B. Allayban

Address: Phase 5 Block 6 Lot 20 Eastwood

Residences San Isidro, Rodriguez Rizal

41
 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Email: maryallayban33@[Link]

Number: 09167380657

Age: 14

Birthday: December 14, 2009

Birthplace: Marikina City

Gender: Female

Skills: Playing Instruments and Sports such as: Guitar and Ukelele

Talents: Singing and Dancing

Ambition: My Ambition is to be a lawyer/engineer/biologist

Hobbies: Singing, Writing and Reading

Interest: playing sports

Motto: “You only live once, make the best of it.”

Achievements: Consistently with Honors from Preparatory until Present

Father’s Name: Dominicris T. Allayban

Mother’s Name: Melissa B. Allayban

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Emerald Joy E. Borreros

Address: #33 Col. S. Cruz, Street Balite, Rodriguez,

Rizal 1860

42
 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Email: [Link]@[Link]

Number: 0905480285

Age: 14

Birthday: June 4, 2009

Birthplace: Maseru, Lesotho (Southern Africa)

Gender: Female

Skills: Playing Chess, Solving a rubrics cube

Talents: Playing Piano, Digital Art, Sketching, Playing Badminton

Ambition: Learn a new skill

Hobbies: Reading, watching, playing games

Interest: Music, reading, writing

Motto: Let go of who you think you're supposed to be and embrace who you
are.

Achievements: Best in Arts and Most Neat Award

With Honors

Father’s Name: Edgar B. Borreros

Mother’s Name: Edelyn E. Borreros

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Charls T. Bragado

Address: P1 B3 L135 Centella Homes San Isidro

Rodriguez Rizal

43
 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Email: bragadocharls13@[Link]

Number: 09763091918

Age: 13

Birthday: December 13, 2010

Birthplace: Quirino Memorial Medical Center

Gender: Male

Skills: Memorizing

Talents: Sports

Ambition: Physicist

Hobbies: Reading

Interest: Sports

Motto: Vision without action is a daydream

Achievements: Grade 6 Valedictorian

Father’s Name: Artemio Bragado

Mother’s Name: Babylyn Bragado

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Vinci Wayne L. Briagas

Address: Block 27, Lot 53, Phase 6, Eastwood

Residence, San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal

Email: vinciwaynebriagas@[Link]

44
 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Number: 09288589446

Age: 13

Birthday: September 27, 2010

Birthplace: Quezon City

Gender: Female

Skills: Problem-solving, leadership, and graphic design

Talents: Singing, Dancing, Painting, Song writing, and Arts

Ambition: Finish college

Hobbies: Singing, Studying, Traveling

Interest: Fashion, Dance, Travel

Motto: If you want better, go be better

Achievements: Perfect Attendance

Father’s Name: John Michael Vincent M. Briagas

Mother’s Name: Winnie L. Briagas

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Rondel Yanis D. Ramos

Address: Ph. 1A, Blk 3, Lot 9, Eastwood Residences,

Brgy. San Isidro, Rodriguez Rizal

Email: ramosrondelyanis@[Link]

45
 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Number: 09560790296

Age: 13

Birthday: August 20, 2010

Birthplace: Quezon City, Philippines

Gender: Male

Skills: Drawing, Painting, Logical thinking

Talents: Drawing, Painting

Ambition/s: To obtain a degree, to create more artworks

Hobbies: Drawing, Painting, Reading

Interest: Music, Arts, Sports, History

Motto: "Exploring knowledge, fostering curiosity, and shaping a brighter

tomorrow through continuous learning and academic excellence."

Achievements: Consistent honor student from preschool to elementary.

Father’s Name: Ronald D. Ramos

Mother’s Name: Madelyn D. Ramos

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Almario E. Reyes

Address: Blk 13 Lot 14 Bloodstone St. Summit View

Subd. Montalban Rizal

Email: almario.reyes24@[Link]

Number: 09604019226

46
 General Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School
Camia Street, Green Rose Subdivision, Barangay Geronimo, Rodriguez,
Rizal, Rodriguez, Philippines

Age: 13

Birthday: May 24, 2010

Birthplace: Makati Medical Hospital

Gender: Male

Skills: PowerPoint skills

Talents: Debate and Poem

Ambition: To be a pilot one day

Hobbies: Playing Chess and Video Games

Interest: Watching Movies and playing video games

Motto: Believe in the power of your dreams and the strength within you to
achieve them.

Achievements: Graduated as a Valedictorian in PLLA, Achieved chess

champion in Grade 3, 4, 5

Father’s Name: Armando Reyes

Mother’s Name: Ester Reyes

47