What is i¢ use, THE PASSIVE ae 4, ‘a LhTHE PASSIVE: REVIEW> THE PASSIVE: —_— "D> Using the passive allows the speaker or writer to make choices about what is important. We use the passive for different reasons. We sometimes use it to give focus to something. We can also use it because we don't know the identity of the ‘doer’ or because it’s not important to know who or what did the action. In addition, we use it to be impersonal and create distance. “A sample was taken and injected into a tube.” oe om this study, children’s eye movements were recorded while they listened to a series of messages.”THE PASSIVE: Do you know how to use the passive voice to change the Focus of a sentence? We use the passive voice to change the focus of the sentence. + when we prefer not to mention who or what does the action (For example, known, i's obvious or we don't want to say) so that we can start a sentence with the most important or most logical information . in more formal or scientific writing, The Person or thing that does the action is called “the agent’, and we use "by" to introduce the agent in a sentence , ae 404, 40% ‘ i's notZS THE PASSIVE: — —<— + > We often use passive forms of reporting verbs (believe, think, say, consider, find) to ¥ ‘ create distance from personal statements and focus more on impersonal processes: "Police are looking for a man in his 30s. He is believed to be dangerous.” “In some cultures blowing your nose in public is considered impolite, When we want to emphasize something new, we can begin with something which is already known and put the newsworthy or important item at the end, where it can be stressed and given Focus: 4 . 4 4 : That's a lovely chair. B: Yes, it’s very old. It was given to me by my grandmother. I was made to feel very welcome by everyone,Tj] es ae ¥, 99sdvddvsvsvsso = USES OF THE PASSIVE: I we do not know the agent. "My phones been stolen If the agent is unimportant or obvious 4 “The new chairs wil be deivered tomorrow’ “The thief was sent to prison” Ie we don't wan to mention the agent, for example if we want to avoid biame. “The ce cream has all been eaten’ To emphasise the subject of the passive verb instead of the ork ye Hee ie OF i sed Sve agent. 2 “The fim star was beng interviewed by « journais”Only the form of be changes to make the tense. Tense Example Structure Present Simple Alioli is made from oil, garlic and salt. is/are + past participle Present Continuous The hall is being painted this week. is/are being + past participle Past Simple John F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963. was/were + past participle Past continuous The signs were being put up last week. was/were being + past participleTense Example Structure Present Oranges have been grown has/have been + past Perfect here for centuries. participle Past Perfect When he got home, he found that his flat had been burgled. had been + past participle Future simple The work will be finished will be + past participleHAVE/GET LAWhen someone else does something For us, we use Have/Get something done; and it is not usually necessary to mention the agent in this case. . To sound more informal we use Get instead of Have. “Tim going to get/have the sitting room painted’ (< Someone is going to paint the sitting room for me.) “They want to have/get their car fixed, (-They want a mechanic to fix their car) “LT had/got my hair coloured” (the hairdresser coloured my hair). "V’had/got my hair coloured by my cousin" + Use get someone to do something, when you ask or pesuade someone to do something for you. “Jenny git her dad to give her a lift because it was raining’ "Ti get my assistant to show you the way to the of fice”GET IN THE PASSIVE ok We use the get passive especially in informal speaking. When we use the get passive, we also place a little more emphasis on the nature of the action itself or on the person involved in the action “There were blizzards over night and the whole town got snowed in, " (‘Get snowed in’ here means to be tunable to leave the town because of heavy falls of snow.) niles We sometimes use a reflexive pronoun with the get passive. This suggests the subject was at least partly responsible for the event or made it happen: “I got myself locked out the other day. | stupidly left my keys in the bedroom.” G I got locked out ...)4 4 The Get passive, is commonly used in speaking of events that are negative or not desired: "They've worked there for three years but they still got sacked” (lost their jobs). "He feels his paintings are always getting criticised.” 5 “Our car got stolen last night.”SEE YOU NEXT TIME!