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MUSIC

MUSIC OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD 1820-1910

 Romantic period is describe as a cultural movement that stressed emotion, imagination,

individualism and freedom of expression.
 Nationalism was also incorporated in the music of the romantic period.
 Most of the musical compositions of the era portray literature, history, emotions, and nature.

VIOLIN AND STRING MUSIC

NICCOLO PAGANINI

 He was born in October 27, 1782, in Genoa, was an Italian violinist and composer. He was the
most celebrated violin virtuoso in the world.
 His composition inspired a lot of other composer such s Franz Liszt, Fedric Chopin and Robert
Schumman.

WORKS OF PAGANINI

 “La Campanella”
 24 Caprices for Solo Violin, Op. 1
 Concerto No. 1 in Eb, Op. 6
 15 quarters for guitar and String Trio
 “The Carnival of Venice”

PIANO MUSIC

 Pertains to the sheet music to be played on a piano

 Romantic period was filled with innovations
 Most of the compositions require a high level of virtuosity

FEDERIC CHOPIN

 Known as “ Poet of the Piano”

 Born on march 1, 1810 in Zelazowa, Poland
 was a Polish composer and virtuso pianist of the romantic period
 He studied piano at Warsaw Conservatory and most of his music was influenced by folk music

CHOPIN IS FAMOUS AT:

BALLADE- a verse form or narrative that is set to music

ETUDE – A piece composed for the development of a specific technique.
MAZURKA – A polish dance in triple time signature
NOCTURNE – an instrumental composition of a pensive, dreamy mood, for the piano.
POLONAISE – a slow polish dance intriple time that consists of a march or procession.
PRELUDE - A short piece of music that can be used as preface, and introduction to another work
or may stand on it’s own
WALTZ – A German dance in triple meter
IMPROMPTU – A short free-form musical composition usually for a solo instrument, like piano
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SCHERZO – A musical movement of playful character, typically in ABA form

SONATA – Composition for one or more solo instruments

FRANZ LISZT

 He was known as the virtuoso pianist, a composer and the busiest musician during the romantic
era.
 was a Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor and teacher of the Romantic Period

SOME OF LISZT’S WORKS:

 La Campanella
 Liesbestraume No.3
 Liszt’s “Hungarian Rhapsodies” were originally written for solo piano, but many were
arranged for orchestra or other combinations of instruments
 Un Sospiro
 Sonata in B Minor
 Arrangements of the 9 Beethoven Symphonies
 Transcriptions of Lieder by Schubert

ORCHESTRAL COMPOSITIONS:

 Symphonic Poems (Hamlet, Les Preludes)

ROBERT SCHUMANN

 One of the famous Romantic composers that beautifully combined music and words is
Robert Schumann.
 was a German composer, pianist, and influential music critic.

PIANO WORKS:

 “Abegg Variations,” Opus 1 (1830)

 “Davidsbundlertanze” (“Dances of the Band of David”) Opus 6 (1837)
 “Carnaval” Opus 9 (1835) -a portrait of a masked ball attend by his allies and his beloves
Clara
 “Phantasiestucke,” Opus 12 (1837) – a series of mood pieces
 “Kreisleriana,” Opus 16 (1838) – a fantasy on the mad kapellmeister
 “Kinderszenen,” Opus 15 (1838) – a poetic series of evocations of a child’s world

HE WROTE OVER 100 ART SONGS. SOME OF WHICH ARE:

 “Frauenlibe und leben” (“a Woman’s love and life”)

 “Dichterliebe” (“A poet’s love”)

ORCHESTRAL MUSIC

 “Piano Concerto in a Minor,” Opus 54

 “Overture, Scherzo”
 “Finale,” Opus 52 (a mini symphony)
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 “Konzertstuck in F major for four horns and orchestra,” Opus 86

PROGRAM MUSIC

 Program music is an instrumental composition that conveys images or scenes to tell a short story
w/o text or lyrics
 It entices the imaginations of the listener

HECTOR BERLIOZ

 Born on December 11, 1803

 He was a French Romantic composer and conductor.
 One of his famous musical compositions is five-movement symphony called “Symphony
Fantastique”

PETER ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY

 Born on May 7, 1840, in Votkinsk, Russia

 Was known for his ballet music, As big fan of Mozart
 was a Russian composer of the Romantic period.
 He was the first Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression
internationally.
 Become famous after composing the musical poem “Fatum” and “Romeo and Juliet”

TCHAIKOVSKY’S FAMOUS COMPOSITIONS:

 Swan Lake
 Sleeping Beauty
 The Nutcracker
 Romeo and Juliet
 1812 Overture
 Symphony no. 2
 Symphony No.6 “Pathetique”
 Piano Concerto No.1

CAMILLE SAINT SAENS

 Was known as a talented musician from an early age

 Born in Paris on October 9, 1835
 was a French composer, organist, conductor and pianist of the Romantic era.

BEST KNOWN MUSIC OF CAMILLE:

 Carnival of the animals

 Danse macabre and hid symphony no.3
 The swan

OVER 300 WORKS, UNUSUALLY IN ALL GENRES, INCLUDING

 3 Operas (samson and Delilah the only one remembered)

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 5 symphony (best known no.3 the organ symphony)

 3 concerto for violin and orchestra
 5 concertos for piano and orchestra
 Organ music
 2 concertos for cello and orchestra
 Numerous pieces for the piano
 Approximately 100 songs
 Chamber music
 Sacred music including a requiem

ARTS

NEOCLASSICISM

•The word neoclassical came from the Greek word "neos" = "new" Latin word "Callssicus"= english
phrase "first class"

•Art pieces such as paintings, sculpture, and architecture

•Roman history which elevated the Roman heroes

CHARACTERISTICS OF NEOCLASSICAL ART

•portayal of Roman history

•formal composition

•tge use of diagonals to show the peak of an emotion or moment (versus a regular moment)

•local color

•overall lighting

•classic geo-structure

NEOCLASSICAL PAINTINGS

Neoclassical paintings refer to artworks created during the Neoclassical movement, which emerged
in the 18th century as a reaction to the excesses of Baroque and Rococo styles.

Neoclassical painters drew inspiration from classical Greek and Roman art, focusing on themes of
order, reason, and virtue.

NEOCLASSICAL ARTISTS

JACQUES -LOUIS DAVID

-He was an influential French Painter in the Neoclassical style

-His subjects of paintings were more on history

"The Death of Marat"

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-David's masterpiece shows the portrayal This is a painting if the murdered French revolutionary
leader Jean-Paul Marat.

"NAPOLEON CROSSING THE ALPS"

-The painting that showed a strongly idealiized vurw of the real crossing that Napolean and his
army.

"OATH OF THE HORSTH"

-It was large painting that depicts a scene from roman legend about the dispute between Rome and
Alba Longa

2. JEAN-AUGUSTE-DOMINIQUE INGRES

Ingres was pupil of Jean

He was influenced by italian Renaissance painters.

His painting was usually nudes, portraits and mythological themes.

Portrait of Napoleon On the Imperial Throne

-The paintings depicts Napoleon in his decsdent coronation costume.

The Apotheosis of Homer

The painting was state commission by Charles X to have him remembered in the buildings works of
the Louvre.

3. ANTONIO CANOVA

Was a prolific Italian artist and sculptor

Become famous for his marble sculptures that delicately renedered nude flesh.

"Psyche Awakened by Cupid's Kiss"

A marble sculpture portraying the relationship of Psyche and Cupid

Washington

A life-size marble statue of George Washington, done in the style of a Roman general

4. BERTEL THORVALDSEN

He was the first internationally acclaimer Danish Artist.

He executed sculptures of mythological and religious themes character.

Christ

A marble sculpture image of resurrected christ currently located at the Thorvaldsen Museum

NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE
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Styles started in the mid-18 century. Was s style principally derived from the architecture of classical
greece and rome and the architecture design of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio.

1.TEMPLE STYLE Building design was based on an ancient temple. Rare feuture of Renaissance
architecture.

LA MADELEINE

DE PARIS

BRITISH MUSEUM

PANTHEON

PALLADIAN STYLE

Were based on Andrea Palladio's Style of villa construction.

Some of the buildings feature a balustrade which is a railing with vertical supports along tge edge of
roof.

One of the famous architects in the era was Robert Adam.

He was known as the Palladian architect

WHITE HOUSE

U.S CAPITAL

FAMOUS ARCHITECTS OF CLASSICAL BLOCK STYLE

CHARLES GARNIER

He designed the most famous classical block of all which is the Palais Garnier( a Neobaroque opera
house).

ROMANTIC ART PERIOD (ROMANTICISM)

-was a movement in which the artists of Neoclassical period sought to break new ground in the
expression of emotion, both subtle and stormy.

Shows the height of action

Emotional extremes

celebrated nature as out of control

Dramatic compositions

heightened sensation( life and death moments)

ROMANTIC PAINTINGS

-the paintings of the romantic period gave more emphasis on emotion.

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ARTISTS OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD

1. JEAN LOUIS THEODORE GERICSULT

- was the first French master and the leader of the french realistic school.

-his masterpiece were energetic, powerful, brilliantly colored, and tighty composed.

THE RAFT OF THE MEDUSA -The raft of the Medusa portrays the victim of a contemporary shipwreck

CHARGING CHASSEUR - the paintings portrays a mounted Napoleonic cavalry officer who is ready to
attack.

INSANE WOMAN - made of the mentally disabled that has perculiar hypnotic power

2. EUGENE DELACROIX

-was considered the greatest French romantic painter of all

LIBERTY LEADING THE PEOPLE -this painting commemorates the July revolution of 1830, which is
knocked down king Charles X of France.

3. FRANCISCO GOYA

- was a commissioned Romantic Painter by the king of Spain.

-He was also a paintmaker regardedd both as the last of the "Old Masters" and the first of
"Moderns"

THE THIRD OF MAY - Goya's masterpiece that sought to commemorate Spanish resistance (during
the occupation of 1808 in the peninsular war.

SATURN DEVOURING HIS SON -this artwork depicts the Greek myth of the Titan Cronus (Saturn).

THE BURIAL OF SARDINE -was a spanish ceremony on Ash Wednesday and was a symbolical burial of
the past allow society to be reborn, transformed with new vigor.

LANDSCAPE PAINTING

Depicts the physical world that surrounds us and includes feutured such as mountains, valleys,
vegetation, and bodies of waters

THÉODORE ROUSSEAU

THE CHURCH OF MARISSEL, NEAR BEAUVAIS

LE REPOS SOUS LES SAULES

JEAN-BAPTISTE-CAMMILE COROT

DER KLEINE FISCHER

LANDSCAPE WITH A PLOWMAN

4. FRANCOIS RUDE
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-Was best known for his social art which aimed to inspired and capture the interest of a broad public.

DEPARTURE OF THE VOLUNTEERS.

-known as "La Marseillaise"

-the goddes Liberty urging the forces of the French Revolution onward.

JEANNE D'ARC

-Joan is depicted at the age of 13 -listening to the voices of Saint Michel

5. ANTOINE-LOUIS BARYE

-He was the most famous animal sculptor of all time.

HERCULES SITTING ON A BULL

-sculpted Hercules with the Erymanthean Boar

-He had to capture a live wild boar from Mount Erymanthos.

THESEUS SLAYING THE MINOTAUR

- sculpture of Barye that shows King Aigeus and the Poseidon's son

P.E

FESTIVAL DANCE

Cultural Dance performed to the strong beats of percussion instruments.

draw the people's culture by portraying the people's ways of the life through movements, costumes and
implements inherent to their place of origin.

in the Philippines are generally some of the most-awaited events of the year.

created culture in a community by telling the story of people's way of living through it's attributes

PURPOSE OF FESTIVALS

Entertain Celebrate
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to have fun

help people explore each other's culture

Uplift economy

RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR FESTIVALS

RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS -are done in honor of a certain religious icon or saint of a particular
place. SECULAR FESTIVALS -celebrated in thanksgiving or celebration of people's industry
and bountiful harvest

RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS IN THE PH

SINULOG FESTIVAL - traditional celebration in Cebu City held every third sunday of January to honor the
Santo Niño -done by a dance ritual.

Sinulog means "graceful dance" started in 1980

DINAGYANG FESTIVAL -Dinagyang is a Hiligaynon word means "merrymaking"

- celebratees the feast of the Santo Niño and the pact between Datus and locals

ATI-ATIHAN FESTIVAL -Mother of all Philippine Festival

-means "to be like atis or Aetas"

-celebrated to honor the child Jesus, Santo Niño

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PEÑAFRANCIA FESTIVAL -The biggest and most popular religious event in the PH

-fact a one-week affair that starts on the second friday of September

HIGANTES FESTIVAL -celebrated every 22 and 23 November in the city of Angono, Province of Rizal

-also known as a local festival where hundreds of giant paper-mache puppets are paraded.

LONGGANISA FESTIVAL -first festivity celebrated in Vigan everey year which usually happens 22nd of
January

-Vigan city

SECULAR FESTIVALS IN THE PH

BANGUS FESTIVAL -one of Ph tastiest celebrations

- third of April until the end of the month

- The festival is held in the beautiful city of Dagupan in the province of Pangasinan.

BAMBANTI FESTIVAL -province of Isabela celebrates these farmer's helpers

-known as bambanti with a festival every fourth week of January

MAMMANGUI FESTIVAL -celebrated amid the most recent seven day stretch of May

-Ybanag means the reap or planting of corn.

DINAMULAG FESTIVAL - also known as the Zambales Mango Festival

PANAGBENGD FESTIVAL -it is month-long annual flower accasion in Baguio

-kankanaey origim means "season of bloominh"

IBON - IBON FESTIVAL - also called " Birds and egg Festival"

-celebrated held during the first and second days of February in Candaba, Pampanga

MASSKARA FESTIVAL - annual Festival with highlights held every 4th Sunday of October in Bacolod,
Philippines

HEALTH

FIRST AID

- is an immediate and temporary care given to a person who gets ill or injured.

-it include self-help and home care

OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID

To save lives

to prolong lives
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to alleviate

To prevent further injury

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD FIRST AIDER

Gentle - does not cause pain and panic

Observant - notices all signs

Resourceful - makes the best use of things at hand

Tactful - does not frighten the victim

Sympathetic - comfoets and reassures the Victim

PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID

DO'S IN GIVING FIRST AID

-DO stay calm.

- Do comfort the victim

-Do check for a medical bracelet

- Do loosen any tights clothing

- Do keep the victim covered to refuce shock

DON'T S IN GIVING FIRST AID

-Don't give food and drink to an unconscious person

- Don't move an injured person unless you need to place him/her in recovery position.

EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES

STEP 1 - if the scene is safe, proceed to next steps. If not, do not attempt to go to the accident. Call
emergency Medical Services instead

STEP 2 - Make sure the victim is lying on his back. If not, roll the victim

STEP 3 - Check for responsiveness by gently tapping the shoulder of the victim saying " hey, hey, are you
okay?"

STEP 4 -If there's no response, call for help immediately

STEP 5 - Do the Primary Survey of the victim (A-B-C):

AIRWAY- check if there's blockage in the airway

BREATHING- use the maximum head-tilt-chin-lift method and look-listen-feel

CIRCULATION - Use the carotid pulse

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STEP 6 - while applying maximum head-tilt-chin-lift method, pinch the nose and give 2 initial full breaths
to the victims.

STEP 7 -Take off the clothes of the victim that can block the compression area

STEP 8 - perform CPR on the victim. Do 5 cycles of compression and 2 breaths

STEP 9 - if the victim is revived, do the secondary survey of the victim. If not, continue performing CPR
while waiting for the rescue.

STEP 10 - Do the SECONDARY SURVEY. Record all the data and surrender to the rescue

Symptoms

Allergy

Medication

Past medical history

Last oral intake

Events prior to the accident

VITAL SIGNS - Carefully check the following vital signs

Eyes: dilated-shock; constricted-stroke, drug abuse; pupils are enqual-stroke or head injuries.

Nose: watery- fracture or skull injury

Bluish skin color - lacking Oxygen(cyanosis)

Body temperature

Blood pressure

CHECKING FOR VITAL SIGNS VITAL SIGNS

Measures of various physiological statistics taken in order to assess the most basic body functions.

A. PULSE RATE
Steps in checking the pulse:
use your fingertips in getting the pulse.
NO-NO in getting pulse rate
Never use your thumb; it has own pulse Do not take the pulse when the victim is in sitting position.
(Pulsations disappear)
Do not palpate the both the caratid arteries at the same time
Never put too much pressure or massyae the carotid. ( Disturb the heart's electrical conduction
system)
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B. TEMPERATURE
Guidelines in checking temp
Important to monitor temp. In
the case of stroke and high
fever
 measured by
thermometer
 Rectum (rectal)
 Oral (mouth)
 Axillary (armpit)
C. RESPIRATION
 Guidelines in checking respiration:
count the no. Of breaths per minute
A whistle sound or wheeze and difficulty in breathing may mean an asthma attack
a gurgling or snoring noise and difficulty in breathing may mean at the tounge, muscous, or smthng
else is stuck in the throat and does not let enough air to get through
D. HEAD-TO-TOE EXAMINATION
 Head and Neck
If there a presence of blood in the victim's hair or any lacerations/contusions in the area,
immediately find out where it's coming from
If there any fluid in the victim's nose and ears, the victim has a skull fructure

SIGNS VS SYMPTOMS

 SIGNS Are details by applying ypur senses-sight, touch, hearing and smell during the course
 .SYMPTOMS Are sensations that the victim feels or experiences

WAYS OF PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

 PRIMARY SURVEY: of the victim is used when the victim is unconscious

 SECONDARY SURVEY : is used when the victim is conscious or has revived.

DRESSING AND BANDAGES

 Dressing is a piece of sterile cloth that covers a

wound to prevent infection and/or to stop bleeding
 Cold compress - is used to reduce swelling and
relieve pain, especially used for sprains or strains.
 Bandages - used to apply pressure to bleeding,
for covering wounds and burns.
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TWO PHASES OF BANDAGING

 An open phase bandaging is used for wounds on top and back of the head, chest, back and
etc.
 A cravat phase bandaging is used for wounds that need extra support like wound on eye,
forehead, ear, cheeck and etc.

DIFF KINDS OF WOUNDS

WOUNDS Is a break in the continuity of a tissue in the body. It may be closed in which there is no
break or damage in the skin.

PUNCTURE - is a piercing wound caused by nails, needles and other pointed objects

ABRASION - is caused by rubbing or scraping the skin against a rough surface.

INCISION - is a cut caused by knife, broken glass or any sharp objects.

LACERATION - is a blunt breaking or tearing of soft tissues usually resulting from mishandling tools and
other accidents.

AVULSION - is a forcible tearing or partial tearing away of tissues

. HOW TO MANAGE WOUNDS

A. For managemen of hematoma, we use the mnemonic RICE:

1. Resting the injured part 3. Compression

2. Ice application 4. Elevation

B. First Aid for Open Wounds with Severe Bleeding:

 Wear gloves and remove or cut clothing as necessary to expose wound

 control bleeding by applying direct pressure
 Elevate the injured part above the heart except for eye injury Cover wound with sterile dressing
and bandage
 care for shockconsult physician immediately

FIRST AID FOR COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES

FRACTURE is a break or crack in a bone

FIRST AID

 Check vital signs

 do not move the injured part
 stop bleeding if there any
 if you have to move, immobilize the broken part by splinting
 seek medical help immediately

DISLOCATION is a partial or complete displacement of the bones

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First Aid

 Call for a help immediately

 Splint the affected part
 do not try to move a dislocated part or force it back
 apply ice on the injured part to reduce swelling

SPRAIN AND STRAIN

Sprain is an injury to the ligaments of a bone

Strain is an injury to the muscles

First Aid

 Rest the injured part

 apply ice
 Compress the injured part
 elevate the injured part

HEAT EXHAUSTION is caused by loss of salt and water due to excessively high temp.

First Aid

 Transport a victim to a cool place

 give him/her plenty of watercheck for vital signs
 Seek medical help

FOOD POISONING is caused by consuming food or drink that is contaminated with bacteria or viruses
First Aid

 Help the person to lie down and rest

 give him plenty of flavorless fluids to drink and a bowl to use if he vomits
 call for medical help if the condition worse

CHOCKING results when a foreign object blocks the throat.

First Aid

 Ask the person if he is choking

 Encourage him/her to cough
 cannot speak or stops coughing, give him five back blows. Stand behind him and help him lean
forward.
 if back blows fail, try abdominal thrusts Check his mouth.
 If obstruction is not cleared, repeat the back blows and abdominal thrusts
 If obstruction still has not cleared, call for an ambulance. Continue until helps arrives

DROWNING happens when air cannot get into the lungs because of water.

HEART ATTACK is caused by sudden obstruction of blood supply to the dart of the heart muscles
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First Aid

 help the person sit or lie down with head elevated

 call for help immediately If the person is conscious, give him/her a full-dose aspirin and advise to
chew it slowly
 Constantly monitor the vital signs.

CHEMICAL BURNS may occur when electricity passes through the body.

First Aid

1. Make sure that contact with the electrical source is broken

2. Flood the sites of injury at the entry and exit points of the current with plenty of cold water
3. Wear disposable gloves and place a sterile dressing
4. Call for a medical help
5. Reassure the victim and traet for a shock

BURNS are often due to domestic incidetnts

HEAT STROKE is caused by a failure of the “thermostat” in the brain to regulate body temp.

First Aid

1. Move the person immediately to a cool place

2. Remove as much of his outer clothing as possible

3. Call for medical help

4.wrao the person in a cold, wet sheets and keep the sheet wet until his temp drops

5. If the person has returned to normal temp., replace wet sheet with a dry one

6. Monitor vital signs until helps arrives

7. If temp. Rises, repeat the cooling process

STOKE is a condition in which the blood supply to a part of the brain is suddenly and Serious impaired by
reptured blood vessel

First Aid

1. If the person's conscious, help to lie down

2. Incline his head to the affected side and place a towel on shoulder to absurb any dribbling

3. Call for a help

4. Loosen any tights clothing

5. Monitor vital signs and reassure the victim

6. If the victim is unconscious, give rescue breathing and chest compression

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7. Call for ambulance

WAYS OF TRANSPORTING A VICTIM

Transporting An injured person to a safer place

FIRE MAN'S CARRY

the easiest way to transport a light and smaller victim

Piggy bank

When the victim is conscious

Pack strap

carry When the victim is smaller than the first aider

Shoulder drag

Use when the floor is smooth

Fireman's drag of tied-hands crawl

Used when the first aider and victim must crawl underneath a low structure

Blanket drag

Used when the victim is seriously injured

Chair or seat carry

When there are two first aiders and chair is available

Hammock carry

When there are three first aiders

 Bearer alongside carry

Carriers will stay on the uninjured side of the victim