Assignment 4: Greenshields and Greenberg Model
GROUP 6
TV150
Alcaraz, Divine Arabella S.
Buenafe, Rolando II A.
Cruz, Chean Dominique
Miluhon, Jered O.
Engr. Karen Joyce B. Santiago
I. Introduction
Modern cities are influenced by the dynamic field of transportation engineering,
which also ensures the efficient movement of individuals as well as goods. Finding
creative solutions to the challenges of traffic congestion, road safety, and effective
transportation systems are at the heart of it. The Greenberg Model and
GreenShield's Model are two crucial models that have made a substantial
contribution to our comprehension of traffic flow and management. We will set out on
a journey to investigate these significant models, elucidate their guiding ideas, and
comprehend their practical applications in enhancing traffic flow on roads in this
assignment/activity.
The Greenberg Model, developed by Bruce D. Greenberg, completely changed
the way that we evaluate traffic flow. Engineers can use this information to make
wise choices when planning and operating road networks because it offers insightful
information about the fundamental connections between traffic density, speed, and
flow. The Greenshields Model, on the other hand, focuses more on how traffic flow
changes when there is congestion and provides tactics for reducing it through lane
management and speed harmonization. Road safety and the effectiveness of
transportation systems have both been significantly improved thanks to both
methods.
The group has spent the whole activity delving deeply into the mechanics of
these models, exploring their mathematical roots and real-world applications. They
aim to thoroughly grasp how Greenberg and Greenshield models are utilized to
forecast traffic, improve road layout, and create traffic management plans.
II. Questions
1. Inspection of a freeway data set reveals a free-flow speed of 60 mph, a
jam density of 180 vehicles per mile per lane, and an observed maximum
flow of 2000 vehicles per hour. Determine the linear equation for velocity
for these conditions and determine the speed and density at maximum
flow conditions. How do the theoretical and observed conditions compare?
2. The data shown below were obtained on a highway. Use regression
analysis to fit these data to the Greenshields model and determine (a) the
mean free speed, (b) the jam density, (c) the capacity, and (d) the speed at
maximum flow.
Speed (mi/h) Density (veh/mi)
14.2 85
24.1 70
30.3 55
40.1 41
50.6 20
55.0 15
3. Under what traffic conditions will you be able to use the Greenshields
model but not the Greenberg model? Give the reason for your answer.
4. The table below shows data on speeds and corresponding densities on a
section of a rural collector road. If it can be assumed that the traffic flow
characteristics can be described by the Greenberg model, develop an
appropriate relationship between the flow and density. Also, determine the
capacity of this section of the road.
Speed (mi/h) Density (veh/mi) Speed (mi/h) Density (veh/mi)
60.0 20 32.6 50
46.0 32 30.8 53
40.8 38 28.4 57
39.3 40 24.7 65
35.7 45 18.5 80
III. Answers
1.
* The theoretical value does not account for the field conditions that influence
maximum flow.*
2. When Density = 0; Speed = 62.8 → FREE FLOW SPEED
When Speed = 0; Density = 110.5 → JAM DENSITY
Speed at Maximum Flow = 62.8/2 = 31.4
Capacity = 62.8 x 110/4 = 1727 veh/hr
3. The Greenshields model is a macroscopic stream model that depicts how the
response of one parameter of traffic flow varies when another parameter is
changed. Greenshields also created a model of uninterrupted traffic flow that
predicts the trends found in actual traffic flows. One thing that can be deduced
from Greenshield’s model is when the density is zero, the flow is also zero since
there are no present vehicles on the road. The boundary values, particularly free
flow speed and jam density, must be obtained to apply the Greenberg model to
any traffic stream. This must be gathered through a field survey, which is referred
to as the calibration procedure. Although determining accurate free flow, speed,
and jam density directly from the field is laborious, approximate values can be
determined by collecting a number of speed and density values and developing a
linear relationship between them.
4. As per Greenberg model:
=space mean speed
c = maximum flow speed
= jam density
k = the density
Equate Equations (1) and (2) we get the
------ (3)
------- (4)
-------- (5)
-------- (6)
