MODULE 2

GeD 103: Life and Works of Rizal

September 28, 2023

Lesson 5 :

Rizal's Novels
(Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo)

Presented by : Lea Stephanie Mendoza, Marian Joy Zara, Rodelyn Endaya,

Eanjel Lezette Lumanglas, Althea Eulogio, Mara Julianne Mora.
 Noli Me Tangere
GeD 103: Life and Works of Rizal
September 28, 2023
 Noli Me Tangere is Latin for
"touch me not,"
an allusion to the Gospel of St. John where
Jesus says to Mary Magdelene:
"Touch me not, for I am not yet ascended
to my Father.”
Rizal entitled this novel as such drawing
inspiration from John 20:13-17 of the Bible.
Austro-Hungarian writer Ferdinand
Blumentritt that "Noli Me Tángere" was a
name used by ophthalmologists for cancer
of the eyelids.
Noli me Tangere (original 1887 cover) by Jose Rizal
 Noli Me Tángere, is an 1887 novel by José
Rizal during the colonization of the
Philippines by Spain to describe perceived
inequities of the Spanish Catholic friars and
the ruling government.

Originally written in Spanish, the book is

more commonly published and read in the
Philippines in either Tagalog or English.
Early English translations of the novel used
titles like An Eagle Flight (1900) and The
Social Cancer (1912), disregarding the
symbolism of the title, but the more recent
translations were published using the original
Noli me Tangere (original 1887 cover) by Jose Rizal Latin title.
Jose Rizal, a Filipino nationalist Viola arrived in Berlin in
and medical doctor, conceived the December 1886, and by
idea of writing a novel that would March 21, 1887, Rizal had sent
expose the ills of Philippine society a copy of the novel to to his
after reading Harriet Beecher friend, Blumentritt.
Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin.
The book was banned by
He preferred that the prospective Spanish authorities in the
novel express the way Filipino Philippines, although copies
culture was perceived to be were smuggled into the
backward, anti-progress, country.
anti-intellectual, and not
conducive to the ideals of the Age The first Philippine edition (and
of Enlightenment. the second published edition)
was finally printed in 1899 in
Máximo Viola helped him print the Manila by Chofre y Compania
book at Berliner in Escolta.
Buchdruckerei-Aktiengesellschaft
in Berlin.
Rizal finished the novel, Noli Me Tangere in February 1887.
 - Rizal depicted nationality by emphasizing the positive
qualities of Filipinos: the devotion of a Filipina and her influence on a man's life, the
deep sense of gratitude, and the solid common sense of the Filipinos under the
Spanish regime.

- The work was instrumental in creating a unified Filipino

national identity and consciousness, as many natives previously identified with their
respective regions.

- The book indirectly influenced the Philippine Revolution of

independence from the Spanish Empire and in 1956, Congress passed Republic Act
1425, more popularly known as the Rizal Law, which requires all levels in
Philippine schools to teach the novel as part of their curriculum. Noli me tangere
is being taught to third year secondary school (now Grade 9, due to the new K-12
curriculum) students, while its sequel El filibusterismo is being taught for fourth
year secondary school (now Grade 10) students.
 In a reunion of Filipinos at the house However, this project did not materialize.
of his friend Pedro A. Paterno in Madrid The people who agreed to help Rizal with
on 2 January 1884, Rizal proposed the the novel did not write anything. Initially,
writing of a novel about the Philippines the novel was planned to cover and
written by a group of Filipinos. His describe all phases of Filipino life, but
proposal was unanimously approved by almost everybody wanted to write about
the Filipinos present at the time, among women. Rizal even saw his companions
whom were Pedro, Maximino Viola and spend more time gambling and flirting with
Antonio Paterno, Graciano López Jaena, Spanish women. Because of this, he pulled
Evaristo Aguirre, Eduardo de Lete, Julio out of the plan of co-writing with others
Llorente and Valentin Ventura. and decided to draft the novel alone.
 Noli Me Tangere’s
Major characters
GeD 103: Life and Works of Rizal
September 28, 2023
 Major Characters
● Juan Crisostomo Ibarra y Magsalin,
commonly known as Ibarra or
Crisostomo.

● Mestizo (mixed race) son of Don Rafael

Ibarra

● Studied in Europe for seven years.

● Maria Clara’s fiance.

MARIA
CRISOSTOMOCLARA
IBARRA
 Major Characters
● Maria Clara de los Santos,commonly
known as Maria Clara.

● Raised by Kapitan Tiago de los Santos

and Isabel.

● Illegitimate daughter of Father

Damaso and Doña Pía Alba, Kapitan
Tiago’s wife.

● She entered the Beaterio de Santa

MARIAKAPITAN
CRISOSTOMO Clara (a nunnery)
CLARA TIAGO
IBARRA
● represent the Filipino women who were
oppressed and abused by the
Spaniards
 Major Characters
● Don Santiago de los Santos, also
known as Tiago and Kapitán Tiago in
political circles.

● Richest man in the region of Binondo and

possessed real properties in Pampanga and
Laguna de Baý.

● became the domestic helper of a

Dominican friar.
MARIAKAPITAN PADRE ● He symbolizes the rich Filipinos who
CLARA TIAGO DAMASO oppress their fellow Filipinos in exchange
for the power and the wealth
 Major Characters
● Dámaso Verdolagas, is a Franciscan
friar and the former parish curate of
San Diego.

● an enemy of Don Rafael Ibarra

● Maria Clara’s biological father

● He symbolizes the oppressive and

corrupt Spanish clergy during that
colonial era in the Philippines.
KAPITAN
TIAGO PADRE ELIAS
DAMASO
 Major Characters
● Ibarra's mysterious friend and ally.

● He studied in Ateneo.

● Grew up as an abusive brat

● Became like his uncle

● Introduced as a gentler, more reserved

and more noble character.

PADRE PILOSOPONG
DAMASO ELIAS TASYO
 Major Characters
● Filósofo Tasio was enrolled in philosophy
course and a talented student.

● Tasyo lost his wife and mother within a

year.

● Persons of culture called him Don

Anastacio, or Pilósopong Tasyo, while
the great crowd of the ignorant knew him
as Tasio el Loco.
DONA ● he expresses his ideals in paper written in
PILOSOPONG
ELIAS VICTORINA
TASYO a cryptographic alphabet similar from
hieroglyphs and Coptic figures.

●
 Major Characters
● Doña Victorina de los Reyes de de
Espadaña, is an ambitious Filipina who
classifies herself as a Spaniard.

● Married Don Tiburcio de Espadaña, an

official of the customs bureau.

● she uses the whole name Doña Victorina

de los Reyes de de Espadaña, with
double de to emphasize her marriage
surname.
PILOSOPONG
DONA SISA
TASYO
VICTORINA
 Major Characters
● Narcisa, or Sisa, is the deranged mother
of Basilio and Crispin.

● Beautiful and young

● Cannot protect her children from her

husband, Pedro.

DONA CRISPIN AT
VICTORINA SISA BASILIO
 Major Characters
● Crispin is Sisa’s 7year old son. An altar
boy who was accused of stealing money
from the church.

● Basilio is Sisa’s 10 year old son. Tasked to

ring the church’s bells for Angelus. He later
played a major role in El Filibusterismo.

Sisa, Crispín, and Basilio represent a Filipino

SISA CRISPIN AT SALOME family persecuted by the Spanish authorities
BASILIO
 Major Characters
● Salome is Elias’ sweetheart.

● The chapter that explores the identity of

Elías and Salomé was omitted, classifying
her as a totally non-existent character.

CRISPIN AT
BASILIOSALOME
 Noli Me Tangere’s
plot
GeD 103: Life and Works of Rizal
September 28, 2023
 Noli Me Tangere’s Plot

Kapitan Tiago welcomes a young Crisostomo Ibarra

into his home. They greet each other, and Kapitan
introduces his visitors.

Crisostomo greeted each visitor, but Padre Damaso

ignored him.
Crisostomo
Ibarra

Don Tiburcio at Donya Kapitan Isabel

Victorina lieutenant Padre Damaso
Tiago
Guevara
 Noli Me Tangere’s Plot
Meanwhile, at the dining table, Crisostomo acknowledges the presence of Padre Damaso.

Kapitan Tiago asks about the young man's studies in Europe.

But Crisostomo insisted to leave early because he was doing something at his hotel.

As he leaves, the Lieutenant follows him. ikaw na pala ang anak ng

yumaong Don, pinapabatid
Buenas Dias ko sa iyo na kailan may
mga amigos, at diko naging kaibigan ang
sa kaibigan ng iyong ama
aking ama
Crisostomo mag iingat kat baka mapagaya
ka sa iyong ama, sya’y namatay sa
kulungan, pinagbintangan at may
kinalaman dito ang dating padre

Crisostomo questions the Lieutenant

about what happened to his father, but
after what he hears, he decides to
forgive, forget, and leave immediately.
 sanay makita kitang
muli sa aming tahanan
sa araw ng fiesta sa
san diego

The other day, he visited the house of Kapitan

Tiago again because of his lover, Maria Clara.
They talked in Azotea as Maria Clara read his
old letters.
 Ibarra decided to visit the grave of his father but ended in anger because the
gravedigger told him that...

As Padre Salvi walked into the cemetery, Ibarra blamed him.

Ang dating
padre ang nag Ibarra decided to forget what happened and focus on what was good for his
utos, ibarra country. He decided to use all their treasure to build a school in their town. He
received counsel from Don Anastacio, and the building will start to process the
day of Fiesta in San Diego.

Ginoo ipinalipat ang puntod ng

iyong ama sa sementeryo ng mga
intsik (chinese) ngunit sa tindi ng
lakas ng ulan sabi ng padre ay
itapon na lamang ito sa ilog
 crisostomo, itigil
mo yan
alang-alang sa
akin

On the day of Fiesta, Elias appeared and threatened Crisostomo to be

careful because there was someone who will kill him. And unfortunately, the
threat did not succeed.

When the occasion begins, Padre Damaso is also present, he talks a lot
about Crisostomo, and he also insults his father. Crisostomo is grief-filled with
anger, and he points a bread knife at Padre Damaso.

Maria Clara stopped him.

hindi ako papakasal sa
kanya sapagkat isa Days passed, and Padre Salvi
lamang ang iniibig ko at si introduced Alfonso Linares, a
crisostomo, hihintayin ko peninsular Spaniard, to Maria Clara,
sya who would soon be his husband.

but Maria Clara refuse and still

devoted her love for Crisostomo
One night Elias invited Crisostomo, and he introduced the Revolutionary Group ( fights with the
government), and they wanted to include Crisostomo because of his influence.

As the day passed, Crisostomo was arrested because intigators had used Crisóstomo's name in vain
to recruit malcontents. And Padre Salvi order to kill those Intigators before it can talk about what
happen.

And he told Elias to burn their house and hide his documents that could possibly turn him over.
And that night is also the Maria Clara and Linares engagement party in Manila, and Padre Salvi and
Padre Damaso are also present, and they talk about what happened in San Diego and Crisostomo.

The same night, Crisostomo and Elias escape the prison, and he secretly meets up with Maria Clara
in the azotea.

Maria Clara told him that she exchanged his letter to Padre Salvi because the padre handed her an
old letter that belonged to her mother, and it says her father was Padre Damaso, and Crisostomo
forgave her.
 Elias and Crisostomo escape, and they hide in Estero de Binondo and
in the Pasig River.

As they talk, Elias declines the offer of Crisostomo, and someone sees
them, and they been shot.

The day comes, news spreads that Crisostomo has been killed, and as
the news reached Maria Clara, she told Padre Damaso that she wanted Crisostomo doon ko
to be in a cloister or in a grave instead of marrying linares.
ibinaon ang mga
dokumento at
Sumama ka sa akin elias kayamanan mo sa
tatakas tayo at lupain nyo sa San
maniniharahan tayo sa Diego
ibang bansa bilang
magkapatid
 At that night, there was a boy walking in the forest, and he saw a woman in
bad condition. It turns out it was Basilio and Sisa, and they reunited.

As Sisa spoke his son's name, she died.

Elais was walking towards the two, and as he lay in the ground weakly, he
said to Basilio
Malapit na din akong bawian
inay, nay ng buhay sunugin mo ang
ako ito si aming labi at hukayin mo ang
basilio ,
basilio mga kayamanan sa lupain ng
anak
mga ibarra at gamitin mo iyon
sa iyong pag aaral
the story ends
What happens to other characters?

Kapitan Tiago: fell in depression and addicted to opium

Padre Damaso moved to another town and was recently found dead.

Padre Salvi awaits his consecration as bishop, and he is also the head priest of the convent where
María Clara resides.

And on September night during typhoon, as two patrolmen see Maria Clara on the roof of the
convent, they investigate it, and other says they see a nun whos crying.
 el filibusterismo
GeD 103: Life and Works of Rizal
September 28, 2023
The filibusterism; The Subversive or The Subversion, as in the Locsín
English translation, are also possible translations), also known by its
alternative English title The Reign of Greed

Is the second novel written by Philippine national hero José Rizal. It is

the sequel to Noli Me Tángere and, like the first book, was written in
Spanish. It was first published in 1891 in Ghent.

The novel's dark theme departs dramatically from the previous novel's
hopeful and romantic atmosphere, signifying Ibarra's resort to solving
his country's issues through violent means, after his previous attempt in
reforming the country's system made no effect and seemed impossible
with the corrupt attitude of the Spaniards toward the Filipinos.

The theme and plot of El Filibusterismo was changed to convey the

message that the present system of government in the Philippines
through corrupt officials, dominated by the friars can lead to the
downfall of Spain.
 EL FILIBUSTERISMO’S
plot
GeD 103: Life and Works of Rizal
September 28, 2023
 PLOT SUMMARY
The novel primarily follows the character Simoun, who is actually Crisóstomo Ibarra from "Noli Me
Tangere" in disguise.

Simoun is a wealthy jeweler who has returned to the Philippines with a hidden agenda. He is determined to
take revenge on those who wronged him and to incite a revolution against the oppressive Spanish regime.
He uses his wealth and cunning to manipulate the people in power, subtly stoking their greed and corruption.

Throughout the novel, readers are introduced to various characters who represent different aspects of
Philippine society. There's Basilio, a young student who becomes entangled in Simoun's plans, and Isagani,
a poet who dreams of reform through peaceful means. The novel also delves into the lives of ordinary
Filipinos who suffer under the Spanish colonial rule.

As Simoun's plans unfold, tensions rise, and the novel builds towards its climax. Without giving away too
many spoilers, "El Filibusterismo" explores themes of betrayal, disillusionment, and the consequences of
seeking revenge. It ultimately paints a bleak picture of a society under colonial oppression, highlighting the
need for reform and justice.

The novel ends on a somber note, leaving readers to ponder the challenges faced by the Philippines during
that period and the sacrifices made by those who sought change.
 MAJOR CHARACTERS
● His appearance is described as being
tanned, having a sparse beard, long white
hair, and large blue-tinted glasses.
● He was sometimes crude and
confrontational.
● He was derisively described by Custodio
and Ben-Zayb as an American mulatto or
a British Indian.

BASILIO
SIMOUN
 MAJOR CHARACTERS
● Son of Sisa and another character from Noli Me
Tángere.
● He is an aspiring and so far successful physician on
his last year at university and was waiting for his
license to be released upon his graduation.
● He is a quiet, contemplative man who is more aware
of his immediate duties as a servant, doctor, and
member of the student association than he is of
politics or patriotic endeavors.
● His sweetheart is Juli, the daughter of Kabesang
Tales whose family took him in when he was a young
boy fleeing the Guardia Civil and his deranged mother
SIMOUN ISAGANI
BASILIO
 MAJOR CHARACTERS
● Basilio's friend.
● He is described as a poet, taller and more
robust than Basilio although younger.
● He is the nephew of Padre Florentino, but
is also rumored to be Florentino's son with
his old sweetheart before he was ordained
as a priest.
● His unrestrained idealism and poeticism
clash with the more practical and
FATHER mundane concerns of his girlfriend, Paulita
BASILIO
ISAGANI FLORENTINO Gomez.
 MAJOR CHARACTERS
● Isagani's uncle and a retired priest.
● Florentino was the son of a wealthy and influential Manila
family.
● He entered the priesthood at the insistence of his mother.
As a result he had to break an affair with a woman he
loved, and in despair devoted himself instead to his parish.
● He was an indio and a secular, or a priest that was
unaffiliated with the orders, and yet his parish drew in a
huge income.
● He is described as white-haired, with a quiet, serene
personality and a strong build.

FATHEER
ISIGANI
FATHERFERNANDEZ
FLORENTINO
 MAJOR CHARACTERS

Dominican who was a friend of Isagani.

He invited Isagani to a dialogue, not so

much as a teacher with his student but as a
friar with a Filipino.
FATHER KAPITAN
FATHER
FLORENTINO TIAGO
FERNANDEZ
 MAJOR CHARACTERS
● Don Santiago de los Santos. María Clara's
stepfather.
● He alleviated this by smoking opium, which
quickly became an uncontrolled vice,
exacerbated by his association with Padre
Írene who regularly supplied him with the
substance.
● Tiago hired Basilio as a capista, a servant
who given the opportunity to study as part of
FATHER CAPTAIN his wages;
KAPITAN
FLORENTINO GENERAL ● Tiago died of shock upon hearing of
TIAGO Basilio's arrest and Padre Írene's
embellished stories of violent revolt.
 MAJOR CHARACTERS
● The highest-ranking official in the
Philippines during the Spanish colonial
period.
● The Captain-General in El fili is Simoun's
friend and confidant, and is described as
having an insatiable lust for gold.
● The Captain-General was shamed into not
extending his tenure after being rebuked
by a high official in the aftermath of
FATHER Basilio's imprisonment
FATHER
CAPTAIN
FLORENTINO SALVI
GENERAL
 MAJOR CHARACTERS
● Former parish priest of San Diego in
Noli Me Tangere

● Director and chaplain of the Santa

Clara covent

● Implied to commit heinous acts

involving Maria Clara

CAPTAIN FATHER FATHER ● Believes in Ibarra’s survival fears

GENERAL MILLON
BERNANDO SALVI revenge
 MAJOR CHARACTERS

● A Dominican physics professor at the

university of Santo Tomas

FERNANDO QUIROGA
FATHER
BRRNADO
MILLON
 MAJOR CHARACTERS
● A chinese businessman

● Aspired to be a chinese consul in the

philippines

● Coerced by Simoun to hide weapons

for the revolution

TAHER DON
QUIROGA
MILLOM
CODIO
 MAJOR CHARACTERS
● Contractor tasked with developing a
proposal for a Spanish Academy

● Faces Pressure from the priests

● Portrayed as an opportunist and

ultimately incompetent

DON
QUIROGA BEN
ZAYB
COSTUDIO
 MAJOR CHARACTERS
● Columnist for the Manila Spanish
newspaper “El Grito de la Integridad.”

● Deeply patriotic and sometimes jingoistic

● Embellishes stories as a journalist

DON \ BEN FATHER

COST ZAYB CAORA
 MAJOR CHARACTERS
● Parish priest of Tiani

● Opposes Ben - Zaybs liberal views

● known for unrestrained lustfulness

● Involved in a tragic incident with Juli

BEN FATHERFATHER
ZAYBCAMORRAIRENE
 MAJOR CHARACTERS
● Kapitan Tiago’s spiritual adviser

● Allied with temporal authority for power

and gain

● Betrayed student association’s trust

● Supplies Kapitan Tiago with opium

DON FATHERPACIDO
COSTUDI
IRENEPENITE
 MAJOR CHARACTERS
● Student of the University of Santo Tomas

● Initially reluctant student

● Join Simoun In preparing for revolution

FATHER
PLACIDO
PAULITA
IRENE GOMEZ
PENITENTE
 MAJOR CHARACTERS
● girlfriend of Isagani and the niece of Dona
Victorina

● married Juanito Pelaez.

PLACIDO
PAULITA
KABESNG
PENI GOMEZTAKES
 CHARACTERS FROM BARRIO SAGPANG
● former kabesa of Barrio Sagpang in Tiani

● was a sugarcane planter who cleared lands

he thought belonged to no one, losing his
wife and eldest daughter in the endeavor

● joined the bandits and became one of their

fiercest commanders.

PAULITA
KABESANG
TANNG
GOMEZTALES SELO
 CHARACTERS FROM BARRIO SAGPANG

● father of Kabesang Tales and grandfather

of Tano and Juli

● a deer hunter and later on a broom-maker

● was killed in an encounter with Guardia

Civil.

PAULITA
TANDANG JULI
GOMEZ SELO
 CHARACTERS FROM BARRIO SAGPANG
● girlfriend of Basilio, and the youngest
daughter of Kabesang Tales

● had to work as Penchang’s maid.

TAN JULI TANO

S
 CHARACTERS FROM BARRIO SAGPANG
● Kabesang Tales’s son, second to Lucia
who died in childhood

● nicknamed “Carolino” after returning

from Guardia Civil training in the
Carolines

● the squads’ sharpshooter.

JULI TANO
HERMANA
OPENHANG
 CHARACTERS FROM BARRIO SAGPANG

● one among the “rich folks” of Tiani who

lent Juli money to ransom Kabesang Tales
from the bandits

● described as a pious woman who speaks

Spanish; however her piety was clouded
over by the virtues taught by the friars.

TANO
HERMANA
HERMANA
BALI
PENCHANG
 CHARACTERS FROM BARRIO SAGPANG
● Juli’s mother-figure and counselor

● a panguinguera - a gambler - who once

performed religious services in a Manila convent.

HERMANA
HERMANA
PENCHAN
BALI