NEHRU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH

CENTRE PAMPADY, THIRUVILWAMALA, THRISSUR -

680588
(Approved by AICTE, ISO 9001:2015 certified Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’Grade)
AFFILIATED TO APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

MULTIPURPOSE AGRICULTURE
ROBOT
GROUP 4 GUIDED BY
Muhammed Fayis Saneesh A S
Mohammed Favas Assistant Professor
Sam Mathew Department of Mechatronics
Sarath Chandran NCERC
 INTRODUCTION
• Indian economy is based on agriculture. The backbones for food production
are farmers.
• Traditionally farming is done by human being with the help of bullock carts,
tractors and tillers etc. In modern era, the main problem in agricultural field
include lack of labour availability, lack of knowledge regarding soil testing,
increase in labour wages, wastage of seeds and more wastage in water.
• To overcome all these disadvantages a multipurpose robot for agriculture
has been developed.
• The main aim of agricultural robot is applying robotic technology in
agricultural field. The agriculture robot efficiently performs ploughing,
seeding , harvesting , irrigating , fertilizing .The robot is a mechanical device
which is capable of performing various tasks without human intervention.
 ABSTRACT
• More than 40% of the world's population chooses agriculture as their main activity.
In recent years, there has been increase interest in developing autonomous
vehicles such as agriculture robots.
• Existing agricultural robots perform basic functions such as harvesting , planting ,
and spreading pesticides .
• The proposed system aims to design a versatile autonomous agricultural robotic
vehicle that can be helpful for ploughing , harvesting , seeding and irrigation
system. This is especially important for workers in sectors where there is a
potential for harm to worker health and safety .
• These robots are used to reduce human intervention , ensure proper irrigation and
efficient use of resources . These robots are mainly useful in automatic weeding ;
use fertilizers based on soil conditions
• Keywords: Ploughing , Harvesting , Seeding , Irrigating , Fertilizing Agricultural
robot , Efficient
 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
• Agriculture is a very important sector in Indian economy
• Most of the livelihood in India depends on agriculture as the
knowledge based farm labourers are less , the requirement
for them is high and their wages are increasing .
• Traditionally framing is done by human beings with the help
of bullock carts , tractors and tillers etc .
• The main problem in agriculture field include lack of labour
availability
• The lack of knowledge regarding farming , wastage of seeds
and water
 PROBLEM DEFINITION
• The above identified problems can be tackled using the current trends
and implementation of Agricultural and autonomous systems and outline
the potential for future applications.
• Different applications of autonomous vehicles in agriculture have
been examined and compared with conventional systems.
 LITERATURE SURVEY
• Vishnu Prakash K, Sathish Kumar V, Venkatesh P, Chandran A, Design and
fabrication of multipurpose agricultural robot, International Journal of
Advanced Science and Engineering Research, Volume: 1, Issue: 1, June 2016,
ISSN: 2455 9288.
• “In the field of agricultural autonomous vehicles, a concept is being
developed to investigate if multiple small autonomous machines are more
efficient than traditional large tractors and human force”

• Ms. Aditi D. Kokate, Prof. Priyanka [Link], Multipurpose Agricultural Robot,

International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and
Technology National Conference on Emerging trends in Electronics &
Telecommunication Engineering (NCETETE 2017), ISSN (Online) 2393-8021
ISSN (Print) 2394- 1588.
• “autonomous vehicle goes through the crop lines of Agricultural land and
performs duties that are tiresome and/or unsafe to the farmers.
 LITERATURE SURVEY
• MARK FAIRCHILD , ROBERT TIMMS, ISAAC HEMSWORTH, Design and
fabrication of multipurpose agricultural robot, International Journal of
Advanced Science and Engineering Research, Volume: 2, Issue: 1, July 2022,
ISSN: 2655 9278.
• “Agricultural robots have proven to be a valuable tool for farmers around
the world. Learn how they automate & improve farming, and where to
source them.”

• Reza Rahmadian, Mahendra Widyarton, Department of Electronics

Engineering, Surabaya State University, Surabaya, Indonesia,Department of
Electronics Engineering, Surabaya State University, Surabaya, Indonesia. (IEEE
2020)
ISBN:978-1-7281-7434-1.
• “The development of harvesting systems on the robot that describes sensors
uses for harvesting, and actuators to control harvesting devices.”
 OBJECTIVE
• This project objective is to fabricate a robot vehicle which can dig the soil,
put the seeds, and close the mud and to spray water, these whole systems
of the robot works with the battery and the solar power.
• To reduce human effort in the agricultural field with the use of small robot
& to perform all four operations successively, hence increases production
and saves time. To complete large amount of work in less time.
• Farmer can operate this robot through without any intervention and can
operate easily. The usage of solar can be utilized for Battery charging. As
the Robot works in the field, sunlight can be used for solar power
generation.
• To increase the efficiency, the solar power is used and the Power output can
be increased. Focus will be put on potential labor cost savings, farm
structure implications and sizes for operation, daily working hours, potential
environmental impact, energy costs and safety issues.
 HARDWARES USED
• ARDUINO NANO
• WIFI MODULE
• RELAY
• DC MOTOR
• SERVO MOTOR
• SOLENOID VALVE
• L393D
 ARDUINO NANO
• The Arduino Nano is a small, complete, and breadboard-friendly board
based on the ATmega328P.
• It offers the same connectivity and specs of the UNO board in a smaller
form factor.
• The Arduino Nano is programmed using the Arduino Software (IDE), our
Integrated Development Environment common to all our boards and
running both online and offline.
 WIFI MODULE
• The ESP8266 is a cost effective Wi-Fi chip.
• It also contains a MCU (Micro Controller Unit).
• Its an exceptionally viable for IOT based activities. This module has a
sufficiently intense on-board handling and capacity ability that enables it to
be coordinated with the sensors and other application particular gadgets
 RELAY
• A Relay is an electromechanical device that can be used to make or break
an electrical connection.
• Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic and
control functions, acting as logic elements much like digital gates (AND, OR,
etc.).
 DC MOTOR
• A DC motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy.
• In a DC motor, the input electrical energy is the direct current which is transformed
into the mechanical rotation.
 SERVO MOTOR
• Servo motor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator .
• It allows for precise control of angular or linear position, velocity and
acceleration.
• It consists of a suitable motor coupled to a sensor for position feedback.
 SOLENOID VALVE
• A solenoid valve is an
electromechanical controlled valve.
• The valve features a solenoid, which
is an electric coil with a movable
ferromagnetic core in its centre,
called the plunger.
• A solenoid valve is an
electromechanical actuated valve to
control the flow of liquids and g
• As an example, solenoid valves are used in beverage
factories to measure the exact amount of drink to be
poured into bottles.
 L293D
• The L293D Controller is capable of controlling various motors
like DC motors, stepper motors, and
servos etc.
• The L293D motor driver shield has all
the bells and whistles required for a
wide variety of low- to
moderatecomplexity projects.
SOFTWARE USED
• ARDUINO IDE

• Arduino IDE is an open-source software, designed by [Link] and mainly

used for writing, compiling & uploading code to almost all Arduino Modules.
• It is an official Arduino software, making code compilation too easy that
even a common person with no prior technical knowledge can get their feet
wet with the learning process.
 METHODOLOGY
A. BLOCK DIAGRAM
• The block diagram indicated in figure gives an analysis of how the
System operates generally.
• The experiment is classified into two main categories;
• 1. Seeder/ Harvester Part
• 2. Sprayer Part
• 3. Leveller

• In this agricultural robot, all components are arranged on the frame.

• The frame comprises of Four wheels, which moves depending on
the desired directions.
• The device and all its components are controlled by the Arduino Uno
microcontroller which performs appropriate functions based on the
commands received.
• 1. Seeder/ Harvester Part

• The operation begins with the harvester part which includes the
ploughing of soil, and seeding the required seed in the soil.
• A Seeder tray is present that stores the required seeds in
appropriate quantities.
• A DC motor is used to eject the seeds from the tray into the
ploughed soil.

• 2. Sprayer Part

• Here, the device proceeds with spraying water to the

soil to provide required nutrients.
• Relay circuit is utilized to control the water sprayings
on limited period, where the relay acts as a switch/
opening to the solenoid, that controls the sprayer.

• In case of plants, Seasonal Pesticides are sprayed to the

plant that prevents it from diseases.
• 3. Leveller

• Final levelling of ploughed field surface is performed by using

special structures which is mounted back of the robot.
• It is carried out to level the uneven surface so that the passage is
clear.
B. FLOW CHART
 FLOW CHART EXPLANATION
• First, the robot starts is set to ON Mode.
• The ultrasonic sensor senses the obstacles present in the
environment and decides whether to move forward or not.
• If Yes, The Robot is set to move forward, and it ploughs the
set of points set in the coordinate system.
• Once the soil is ploughed, the Seeder/ harvester operation
comes into action, where the seeder tray ejects the required
seeds on the ploughed soil.
• The Moisture sensor along with temperature and humidity
sensor assists in checking the moisture content of the soil. If
 the soil has moisture content above a specific limit required
for seed growth, then no sprayer action takes place.

• If less/ no moisture content is present in the soil, the next

procedure is sprayer operation where water is sprayed on to
the seed and seasonal pesticides released in case of the
plants.

• The final part is Leveller operation where special blade like

structures are mounted on the device that will level the
ploughed ground.

• Once a particular coordinate is Ploughed, Seeded and

harvested, it goes back to the initial process and this process
continues till the desired set of coordinates.
 EXPECTED OUTPUT
• This is a Multi-purpose Agricultural Robot which is capable of
performing multiple tasks in agriculture such as ploughing, seeding,
spraying and harvesting all with a single device.
• Which at present is not yet commercially introduced as a single device,
therefore, it will be highly beneficial for the users and farmers to yield
high productivity and less work.
• PHASE 1 : The basic ideologies are implemented and components are
taken into consideration to complete the necessary working of a
multipurpose agricultural robot. ( Phase 1 Completed )
• PHASE 2 : Mechanical structures and circuit completed ( Phase 2
Completed)
• PHASE 3 : A complete automated Multipurpose Agricultural Robot will
be formed which has IoT, Cloud data storing, and additional
capabilities.
PHASE 1 OUTPUT
 PHASE 2

TEMPERATURE
AND HUMUDITY
SENSOR

SERVO
ULTRASONIC
CONNECTION
SENSOR

MOISTURE
LCD SENSOR
MOISTURE
DISPLAY DRIVER
SESNOR
 FUTURE SCOPE
• Higher level automation and computing can be introduced
to make it advanced automation system.
• More advanced operations such as Disease identification
and prevention can be implemented for an efficient device.
• Internet of Things can be utilized for better outcomes.
• By increasing the equipment strength and quality of the
multipurpose agricultural equipment by providing
hydraulics, gear arrangements for life time usage.
• More equipment can be included to the machine like
fertilizer spraying, grass cutter and many other operations.
 CONCLUSION
• The multipurpose agricultural machine is very useful for the small scale
farmers to carry out a number of operations in a single machine.
• This agricultural machine can be used for seed sowing, ploughing,
leveling and water spraying.
• The tires can be changed according to the type of the land.
• The operating system contains Wi-Fi module for a hassle free and an
efficient performance.
• Finally concluded that this machine is very useful for small scale farmers
for reducing the human labour and time by replacing the manual
methods, which results in improves the yield and reducing the labour
effort and expenses.
• The maintenance cost of the machine is very less and controlling of the
machine is easy.
 REFERENCES
• [Link], [Link], Agricultural Robot, International
Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
• Electronics and Instrumentation, Volume 5, Special Issue 1, March
2016, ISSN (Print) : 2320 3765, ISSN (Online): . 2278 8875.
• [Link], a seed-sowing machinea review, IJESS Volume3,
Issue3 ISSN:2249.
• Sankaranarayanan M, Development Of APush Type Seed Drill For
Sowing Maize InRwanda. Institut Supérieur dAgriculture etd Elevage,
ISAE, Busogo, Post Box No.210, Musanze, Rwanda.
• Rolando P, Development of a manually operated disc-type corn seeder.
• Ed Dager, Proper Equipment for Small Farms Kaitlin DAgostino,
Economics, SAS 13, Rabin, 12/03/09.
 REFERENCES
• M.V. Achutha, Sharath Chandra, and Natra .G.K, “Design and analysis of multipurpose
farm equipment”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering,
3(2), 30-36 (2016).
• Siddharth Kshirsagar, Vaibhav Dadmal, Prashnt Umak, “Design and development of
agriculture sprayer vehicle”, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology,
4, 405-408 (2016).
• Redmond Ramin Shamshiri, R., Weltzien, C., A. Hameed, I., [Link], I., E. Grift, T., K.
Balasundram, [Link].G,“Research and development in agricultural robotics: A
perspective of digital farming”, International Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Engineering, 11(4), 1-14 (2018).
• Kunal Ghugare, Rajesh Kadam , Akshay Kokani , Nitin Bambale , Madhukar Sorte “Design
and Fabrication of Multiple Applications Farm Machine Using Solar Energy-A Review”,
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 9(5), 273-275 (2018).
• A. K. Pathak, Miss. Akshada Nighute , “Wireless Multipurpose Agricultral Robot Based on
Solar”, International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 6(4), 9-12 (2019).