IBM Global Business Services
HR ABAP
Technical Overview
<Topic Title> Jan-2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Business Services
List of Topics
▪Logical Databases
▪Join & Projection
▪Reports / Repetitive Structures
▪Clusters
▪Time Data
▪Infosets & Infoset Queries
▪Infotypes
▪Logical Database PCH
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Logical Databases
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What is a Logical Database ?
▪ Logical databases are special ABAP programs that retrieve data and make it
available to application programs. The most common use of logical databases is
still to read data from database tables and linking them to executable ABAP
programs while setting the program contents
▪ Logical databases contain Open SQL statements that read data from the
database. You do not therefore need to use SQL in your own programs
▪ A logical database can read the lines of these tables one after the other into an
executable program in a sequence which is normally defined by the hierarchical
structure
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Functions of the Logical Database PNP
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Logical Databases provided by SAP
▪ HR Logical Databases In Human Resources (HR), the following logical databases
can be used as a data source for HR InfoSets:
▪ PNP / PNPCE
▪ PAP
▪ PCH
▪ By selecting a logical database, you determine the HR data that can be reported on
using an InfoSet.
▪ Logical Database PCH
▪ This logical database generally enables you to report on all HR infotypes. However,
you are advised not to use this logical database unless you want to report on
Personnel Planning data.
▪ Logical Database PNP
▪ Use logical database PNP to report on HR master data. It is possible to use logical
database PCH to access this data, but PNP meets such reporting requirements
more quickly because it is best suited to the task of selecting persons.
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Structure of Logical Database
▪ Structure
▪The structure defines the data view
of the logical database.
▪ Selections
▪The selections define a selection
screen, which forms the user
interface of the executable
programs that use the logical
database.
▪ Database Program
▪The database program contains the
ABAP statements used to read the
data and pass it to the user of the
logical database.
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Structure of Logical Database
▪ The structure of a logical database is
usually based on the foreign key
relationships between hierarchical tables in
the SAP System.
▪ Logical databases have a tree-like
structure
▪ The nodes must be structures defined in
the ABAP Dictionary or data types from a
type group
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Linking a Logical Database to an Executable Program
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Logical Structures and DB Tables in PA
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LDB : Infotype Data Structure
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LDB - Screening
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LDB – Data Retrieval
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Calling a Logical Database Using a Function Module
▪ LDB_PROCESS Function module is used to call logical databases independently
from any ABAP program
▪ Selection screen is not displayed
▪ The logical database does not trigger any GET events in the calling program, but
passes the data back to the caller in callback routines
▪ The depth to which the logical database is read is determined by specifying a
node name in the CALLBACK parameter
▪ For the GET event, the callback routine is executed directly after the data has
been read for the node, and before the subordinate nodes are processed.
▪ For the GET LATE event, the callback routine is processed after the subordinate
nodes have been processed.
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Processing Infotypes in Logical Database
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LDB – Processing Master Data Using Provide
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LDB - Loop Nesting
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LDB – Period Based Data - 1
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LDB – Period Based Data - 2
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LDB – Screening Criteria
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LDB – Sort Order
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LDB – Flow Control of Logical Database
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Join and Projection
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Joins and Projection
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Joins in PROVIDE
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Join / Subtypes
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Joins and Projection / Coding
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Reading Time-Dependent Table Entries
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HR Macros
▪ RP_PROVIDE_FROM_LAST
▪ RP_PROVIDE_FROM_FIRST
▪ RP_SET_DATA_INTERVAL
▪ RP_READ_INFOTYPE
▪ RP-READ-ALL-TIME-ITY
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Options for Defining Modules
▪ Macros can be defined in reports or includes using the ABAP command
DEFINE
▪ If a macro is changed, each report using this macro is automatically regenerated
when it is executed
▪ Macros can also be defined as RMAC macros. The source code of these
modules is stored in the function section of the control table TRMAC
▪ When you change an RMAC macro in the table TRMAC, the reports that use this
macro are not regenerated automatically. You must regenerate them manually.
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Macro Modules
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Processing a Specific Infotype Record
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Reading Infotype without using LDB (1)
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Reading Infotype Without Using LDB (2)
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Updating Infotype Record
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Reading Planning Infotypes with Function Module
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Determining The Entry Date
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Dynamic Actions
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Indicator for Step
▪P Check conditions
▪I Maintain infotype record
▪W Set default values when creating a new record
▪V Reference to another step
▪ F Call routine
▪ M Send mail
▪ Tables used
▪ PSAVE To check old values of field
▪ PSPAR Transaction classes
▪ T001P Start dates and molga
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Function character of step
▪ 02 for Change
▪ 04 for Create
▪ 06 for Change and create
▪ 08 for Delete
▪ 10 for Change and delete
▪ 12 for Create and delete
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Calling Reports Using Dynamic Actions
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Reports / Repetitive Structures
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Infotype with repetitive Structure
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Repetitive Structure / Evaluation (1)
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Repetitive Structure / Evaluation (2)
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ALV Data Structures
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ALV Field Catalog
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AVL Interface
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Clusters
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Clusters
▪ Definition
▪ It is a database object,
▪ It is a file or table which link with Relid
▪ It combines the data from several tables with identical keys.
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Clusters
▪ Different Types Of Clusters
▪ PCL1 : Database for HR – Work Area
▪ PCL2 : Accounting Results ( Time / Payroll Results )
▪ PCL3 : Recruitment/Applicant Tracking Data
▪ PCL4 : Documents Data
▪ PCL5 : Personnel Cost Planning
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Clusters
▪ PCL2 – Accounting Results table
PCL2 is a Transparent table.
PCL2-relid then it is called Cluster.
PCL2- (XX)
Where XX : -
IN – India
RX- International
RU- USA
FI- Finland
RQ- Australia
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Importing Data
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Importing / Exporting with Macros
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Importing/Exporting using a Buffer
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Importing Using a Buffer
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Data flow in Payroll
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Payroll Results
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Reading the Cluster Directory
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Determining Current Payroll Result (1)
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Determining Current Payroll Result (2)
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Clusters – Data Structure for Payroll Result
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Table Types for Payroll Results (1)
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Table Types for Payroll Results (2)
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Table Types for Payroll Results (1)
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Clusters - Display of Payroll Result(PC00_M40_CLSTR)
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Clusters - Display of Cluster data – Payroll Result
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Clusters - Display of Cluster data – Payroll Result
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Clusters - Important Structures to read Payroll data
▪ 1 . Payxx_result ( internal structures EVP/ INTER / NAT )
Where xx :-
99 = International
DE = Germany
IN = India
FI = Finland
▪ 2. HRPAYxx_RT/ CRT/ WPBP…….
Where xx :-
99 = International
DE = Germany
IN = India
FI = Finland
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Clusters - Function Modules To Read Payroll data
▪ 1. PYXX_GET_RELID_FROM_PERNR
▪ 2. CU_READ_RGDIR
▪ 3. CD_READ_LAST
▪ 4. PYXX_READ_PAYROLL_RESULT
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Time Data
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Time Data
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Time data and Validity Period
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Importing Time Data (1)
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Importing Time Data (2)
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Importing Time Data to Internal Tables
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Processing Time Data with Internal Tables
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Infosets and Infoset Query
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Infosets and User Groups
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Assign Infosets to User Groups ( Transaction SQ03 )
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Reporting on Data from PNP/PNPCE and PCH
Logical PNP PCH PAP
database
Selection of Persons Objects from Personnel Applicants
Planning
Infotypes Infotypes for If the object type is
that can be ∙ Personnel specified: ∙ Infotypes for
included in Administration ∙ Infotypes for the object Recruitment
the InfoSet (0000-0999) type (4000-4999)
∙ Time Management ∙ Infotypes for objects ∙ Some infotypes for
(2000-2999) that can be related to Personnel
∙ Payroll infotypes the specified object type Administration (such as
∙ Infotypes for Personnel If the object type is not 0001 and 0002)
Planning objects that specified:
can be related to ∙ All infotypes
persons
∙ Customer infotypes
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Procedure for Creating and Changing Infosets (SQ02)
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Initial Maintenance Screen for Reporting on Person/Applicants
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Ad Hoc Query
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Creating Queries II
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Ad Hoc Query: Overview
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Restricting Reporting Set
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Creating Queries
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Infotypes
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Infotype Data Structure
▪ Four digit number
nnnn
▪ Unique
identification
▪ 9000 to 9999
reserved for
customer infotypes
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Naming Conventions for Infotypes
▪ 0000 to 0999 – HR Master data / Applicant data
▪ 1000 to 1999 – Organizational Management
▪ 2000 to 2999 – Time data
▪ 4000 to 4999 – Applicant data
▪ 5000 to 5999 – Planning Infotypes
▪ 9000 to 9999 – Customer defined
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Personnel Administration Transparent Tables
Key
Fields
Administration
Fields
Custom Fields
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Database Table For Applicant Infotypes
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Components of an Infotype
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Infotype specific include programs
▪ The main program MPnnnn00 only contains INCLUDE statements. If you
create the main program using transaction PM01 Dialogs in HR, the system
also creates the following four includes:
Name of include The include contains
MPnnnn10 The PROGRAM statement and
the declaration of common data objects
MPnnnn20 PBO modules for the screens
MPnnnn30 PAI modules for the screens
MPnnnn40 subroutines
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Infotype Screens
▪ Each infotype has at least three screens:
▪ An initial screen ( 1000 )
▪ Initial screen is used as technical interface
▪ Processed in background and not displayed
▪ A single screen ( 2000 )
▪ Its an interface between the system and the user
▪ It enables to create, display or maintain data records
▪ A list screen ( 3000 )
▪ Enables to list all records in info type
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Initial Screens
Initial screen is used as technical interface
Screen 1000 is used for all infotypes
Processed in background.
Performs general initialization procedures
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Initial Screen - Preview
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Single Screen - Preview
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List Screen - Preview
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Infotype Time Constraint
▪ A time constraint indicates whether more than one infotype record may be
available at one time.
▪ The following time constraint indicators are permissible:
▪ 1 No overlapping and no gaps.
Eg : Infotype 0000 - Actions
▪ 2 No overlapping but time gaps are permitted.
Eg : Infotype 0021 - Family Details
▪ 3 Overlapping and and time gaps are permitted.
Eg : Infotype 0019 Monitoring of Task
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Other Possible Time Constraints
A Only one record may exist, valid from 01/01/1800 to 12/31/9999. Splitting and
deletion is not permissible.
B Only one record may exist, valid from 01/01/1800 to 12/31/9999. Splitting is
not permissible, but may be deleted.
T The time constraint varies depending on the subtype.
Z Refers to time management infotypes.
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Infotype Characteristics
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Creating Personnel Administration Infotypes – Step 1
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Creating Personnel Administration Infotypes – Step 2
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Creating Personnel Administration Infotypes – Step 3
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Created Objects
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Enhancing Personnel Administration Infotypes – Overview
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Enhancing Personnel Administration Infotypes – Procedure
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Enhancing Infotypes – Created Objects
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Creating HRP info types
Transaction code : ‘PPCI’.
(Personnel Planning Infotype Copier)
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Creating HRP info types
We can create the following kinds of info types:
Language-dependent field info types
Language-independent field info types
Language-dependent table info types
Language-independent table info types
We can also specify whether an info type is country-specific or not
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Creating HRP info types
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Creating HRP info types
Start the Data Dictionary (SE11)
Select the Radio button Data Type Enter the HRI9nnn ( Where 9nnn is info
type no).
Click on Create Button, and Create the required Structure
Save , Check and Activate the Structure
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Creating HRP info types
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Creating HRP info types
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Creating HRP info types
Go to T Code : PPCI
Enter Info the details
Info type : 9nnn
Info type name : xxxxx
Click on Create, it will display Extended screen
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Creating HRP info types
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Creating HRP info types
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Creating HRP info types
♠ Here you can select Field info type / Table Info Type
♠ Language Dependent/ Independent
♠ Country Specific / not
♠ After selecting these options click on Create Button
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Creating HRP info types
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Creating HRP info types
After Creation of Infotype Maintain the Following Details using TCode: OOIT
Time Constraint
Infotype Per Object Type
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Logical Database PCH(PNP)
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Data Model
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Relationship Between Basic Object Type
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Table Infotype
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Sequential Evaluation
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Structural Evaluation
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Evaluation Path
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Maintaining Evaluation Path
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Sequential Evaluation Coding
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Structural Evaluations Coding
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Structure Parameters
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Setting Structure Condition
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Filling Fields in the Selection Screen
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Evaluating Additional Data on Relationship
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Evaluating Table Infotype
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Evaluating the Infotype Index
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▪Questions ?
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Thank You
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