College Name:
Name Of Student:
Roll Number:
Date:
Project Name:
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
COMPONENTS USED
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WORKING
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
When there is a need of light it automatically switches
on. When darkness rises to acertain level then sensor
circuit gets activated and switches on and when there
isother source of light i.e. in daytime, the street light
gets off.
The sensitiveness of thestreet light can also be
adjusted. In our project we have used the circuit
whichincludes a light depended resistor(LDR) to
sense the light when there is light theresistance of
LDR will be low.
So the voltage drop across the resistor r2 will be high.
This keeps the transistor 2(bc557) off.
The collector of 2 is coupled to base oftransistor
1(2n2222). So 1 WILL BE OFF AND SO DO THE
LED WILL REMAIN OFF.
Objectives
The objectives of solar street light are using
optimization of cost in the rural area ofIndia with
LED light.
The calculation of LED and CFL light in street light
areservicing with efficient and less of cost use.
The major objectives of solar streetlight have
promoted the reducing of fossil fuels and increase the
using of new technology of renewable energy sources.
The mobilization of financial report ofrural areas has
implemented in renewable energy sources and
generating of electricity by the renewable energy.
The electricity is using in the rural areasincrease
continuous day by day so the developing of energy
resources byappreciate the demand and need of them
street light system.
To increase the energyefficiency and avoid the other
generating energy sources.
The focus of renewableenergy has developing of the
village street lighting system.
The further use of solar street light system has
emoved the many problems of the rural area like that
crime rate, increase the community of people at work
etc.
The solar street light system has no pollution like
other power generation plant and it isnon-
convectional system to less space and efficient
electricity output.
COMPONENTS USED
Transistor 1 2N2222
Transistor 2 BC557
LDR ( Light Depending Resistor)
R2 100k 1/4watt
R1 10 ohm 1/2 or 1watt
White Color LED 1-10
LDR (LIGHT-DEPENDENT-RESISTOR)
A photo resistor or Light-Dependent Resistor (LDR)
or photocell is a light-controlled variable resistor,
which is shown in.
The resistance of a photo resistor
decreases with increasing incident light intensity; in
other words, it exhibitsphoto conductivity.
LED (LIGHT EMITTING DIODE)
LEDs are semiconductor devices like transistors and
other diodes. LEDs aremade out of silicon. The small
amount of chemical impurities that areadded to the
silicon such as gallium, arsenide, indium and nitride
makes an LEDlightened, which is shown in Fig When
current passes through the LED.
It emitsphotons as a by-product. LEDs produce
photons directly; not via heat.
An LED isusually a small area (less than 1MM 2 )
light source. The color of the emitted lightdepends on
the composition and condition of the semiconductor
and the conditionof the semiconducting materials.
LEDs have a dynamic resistance that depending
on how much current passes through them.
Among the specifications for LEDs, a“maximum
forward current” rating is usually given.
LEDs consume a certainvoltage known as the
“forward voltage drop”. A voltage source and a
resistor are
connected into drive an LED.
Transistor
A transistor consists of two PN diodes connected back
to back. It has three terminals namely emitter, base
and collector. The basic idea behind a transistor is
that it lets you control the flow of current through one
channel by varying the intensity of a much smaller
current that's flowing through a second channel.
Resistor
Resistor is defined as. A passive electrical component
with two terminals that are used for either limiting or
regulating the flow of electric current in electrical
circuits. The main purpose of resistor is to reduce the
current flow and to lower the voltage in any
particular portion of the circuit.
WORKING
The circuit uses a Light Depended Resistor(LDR) to
sense the light .
Whenthere is light the resistance of LDR will be low.
So the voltage drop acrossthe Resistor R2 will be
high. This keeps the transistor Q2(BC557) OFF.
Thecollector of Q2 is coupled to base of Transistor
Q1(2N2222).
So Q1 will beOFF and so do the LED will remain
OFF. When night falls the resistance of LDR
increases voltage drop across the Resistor R2 will be
Low and Resistor R2 gives the voltage to Transistor
Q2’s Base and Transistor will on.
This makes transistor Q2 ON which in turn makes
Q1 ON. The LED’s will glow.
CONCLUSION
This project of AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHTS is a
cost effective, practical,ecofriendly and the safest way
to save energy.
It clearly tackles the two problemsthat world is facing
today, saving of energy and also disposal of
incandescentlamps, very efficiently.
According to statistical data we can save more that 40
% of electrical energy that is now consumed by the
highways.
The LEDs have long life,emit cool light, do not have
any toxic material and can be used for fast switching.
For these reasons our project presents far more
advantages which can over shadow the present
limitations.
The project has scope in various other applications
like for providing lighting in industries, campuses and
parking lots of huge shopping malls.
This can also be used for surveillance in corporate
campuses and industries.
