Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2: Gross Motor Scale

Child:_______________________________ DOB:______________ CA:__________

Examiner:________________________________ Date:_________________________

Subscale A: Reflexes (1-11 months)

Item # Month Position Score

1 Walking Reflex 2 supported 2 1 foot then other w/in 3sec
standing 1 1 foot within 3 sec
0 Feet and legs remain still
2 Positioning Reflex 4 supine with 2 No arm or leg mvmt
(ATNR-Integrated) head held 1 Positioned, but can move
out of it
0 Reflex still present
3 Landau Reaction 6 horizontal 2 Raises head above
suspended horizontal, extends trunk,
raises hips and legs
1 Extends head, but not
hips & legs
0 Head & hips below horiz.
4 Protecting Reaction 6 suspended 2 Extends arms, elbows &
(Forward) horizontal bears weight on hands
1 Extends arms partially
0 Does not extend arms
5 Protective Reaction 6 sitting 2 Extends arm & bears
(Side) weight
1 Extends arm, no weight
bear
0 Falls on side
6 Protective Reaction 6 sitting 2 Breaks fall w/ 1 or 2 arms
(Forward) supports self for 2 sec
1 Extends arm(s), falls
0 No arm extension
7 Righting Reaction 9 sitting 2 Ext. arm & head, returns
(Forward) to upright sitting
1 Uses arms on floor, but
Recovers
0 Fails to extend, falls
8 Protecting Reaction 10 sitting 2 Stops by ext arms &
(Backward) supporting weight
1 Rotates trunk, extends
arm, but falls
0 Fails to extend arm, falls

Total Score: ______/16

 Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2: Gross Motor Scale

Child:_______________________________ DOB:______________ CA:__________

Examiner:________________________________ Date:_________________________

Subscale B: Supine

Item # Age(mos) Score Comments (2; 1; 0)

1S – Rot Head 0 2 1 0 Lift/turn head R & L; 1 dir; no mvmt______
1L – Thrust Legs 0 2 1 0 Moves legs together; separate; none_______
2L – Side to back 0 2 1 0 Rolls to back both sides; 1 side; none______
3L – Thrust Arms 0 2 1 0 Bend & straight arms 2x; 1x or 1 arm; none_
6L – Symmetry 3 2 1 0 Hands & head to midline; 1 hand; none____
8L – Rolling 4 2 1 0 Rolls to both sides; 1 side; no roll_________
10L – Flex Legs 5 2 1 0 Feet to mouth/hands;hips 90˚ or 1 foot; none
11L – Ext Arms&Legs5 2 1 0 Arms & legs in 5sec; 6-7sec; no mvmt_____
13L – Flex Body 6 2 1 0 2 feet, 3 sec; 2 feet 1-2 sec or 1 foot 3sec; 0
15L – Ext Arm 6 2 1 0 Wt shift & reach 3sec; 1-2 sec; no reach___
16L – Rolling 7 2 1 0 Back 🡪stomach both sides; 1 side; none___
17L – Rolling 7 2 1 0 Rolls back🡪 stomach with rot. 2 sides; 1; 0
17S – Raise to Sit 10 2 1 0 Pulls to sit using chair; attempts, using chair;
(toy on chair) remains on floor______________________

Subscale C: Prone

Item # Age(mos) Score Comments (2; 1; 0)

5L – Ext. trunk 2 2 1 0 Lift head & trunk 45˚ 3 sec; 1-2sec; < 45˚__
7L – Prop on forearms 4 2 1 0 Head & trunk 45˚ 5 sec; 3-4 sec; <3 sec____
9L – Ext arms & legs 4 2 1 0 Ext A&L 3 sec; both1-2, AorL 3sec; none__
12L – Ext Arm 6 2 1 0 shift & reaches toy; reach, but not full, none
14L – Pushing Up 6 2 1 0 WB on palms 5 sec; 3-4 sec; <3 sec_______
18L – Move forward 8 2 1 0 moves 3 ft using arms; 2-3 ft; <2ft________
19L – Raise Shldr& Butt9 2 1 0 Raise to hands & knees 5 sec, rocks; 1-5s; 0
18S – Sitting Up 10 2 1 0 Raises to sitting; attempts to sit; no mvmt__

Subscale D: Suspended Hold (vertical)

Item # Age(mos) Score Comments (2; 1; 0)

6S – Ext head 2 2 1 0 held vert. head to midline 3sec; 1-2 sec;none
7S – Align Head 2 2 1 0 hold child at your shoulder, bounce, head in
midline 2-3 bounces; 1 bounce; no midline
8S – Align head 3 2 1 0 hold vert.& tilt 45˚ 75-100%;50-74%,<50%
4L – Bearing Weight 2 2 1 0 bears wt. knees flex & feet flat 3 sec; knees
flexed & toes, or <3sec; no wt or toes only_
 Child: _______________________

Subscale E: Sitting

Item # Age(mos) Score Comments (2; 1; 0)

2S – Align Trunk 0 2 1 0 Back held rounded 3 sec; 1-2 sec; arches___
(facing you)
3S – Align Head 1 2 1 0 45˚ btwn chin & chest; head slightly ↑; chin
Front (back to you) touches chest_________________________
4S – Align Head 1 2 1 0 >45˚ btwn head and back; slight hold ↑;
Back (pull to sit) head touches back_____________________
5S – Align head 2 2 1 0 Midline 75-100% mvmt; 50-74%; <50%___
(pull to sit) ____________________________________
9S – Stab. Trunk 3 2 1 0 Trunk 30˚off legs, 5sec; <30˚, 5 sec; trunk
(hold pelvis) on legs______________________________
10S – Align Head 4 2 1 0 Head aligned 8 sec, rot to follow toy; 4-7sec,
(sitting, toy on string) rot to follow; head align <4sec___________
11S – Sitting(placed) 5 2 1 0 Balance for 8 sec; 3-7 sec; <3sec_________
12S – Sitting/Reach 6 2 1 0 Balance 8 sec, reach for toy; 5-7 sec with
(toy on string) reach; balance <5sec___________________
13S – Pull to Sit 6 2 1 0 Pulls to sit; pulls up 45˚-90˚; pulls <45˚____
14S – Sitting 6 2 1 0 unsupported 60sec; 30-59sec; <30sec______
15S – Sit with Toy 7 2 1 0 retrieves toy&returns upright 30 sec; 15-29s;
(“get the toy”) no toy, falls from upright_______________
16S – Sitting 9 2 1 0 Sit & plays with toy 60 sec; 30-59sec; <30s_
21L – Scooting 9 2 1 0 uses hands & legs to scoot 3 ft; 1-2 ft; <1ft_
22L– Pivoting 9 2 1 0 Turns 90˚ both sides; 90˚ one side, <90˚___
29L – Pivoting 11 2 1 0 Turns 180˚ on bottom; 90-179˚; <90˚______
33L – Stand Up 12 2 1 0 Cross legged 🡪 stand <20˚ rotation of body;
stands, but turns body 21-90˚; >90˚, no stand

Subscale F: Hands and Knees

Item # Age(mos) Score Comments (2; 1; 0)

20L - Creeping 9 2 1 0 Reciprocal creep 5 ft; 4ft or not reciprocal; ø
24L – Creeping 10 2 1 0 creeps over legs; creeps onto legs; not on leg
37L – Creep ↑ Stairs 14 2 1 0 Creeps up 2 steps; 1step; remains at bottom_
39L – Creep ↓ Stairs 15 2 1 0 creeps backward 3 steps, no support; 1-2
steps, no support; remains at start_________

Subscale G: Kneeling

Item # Age(mos) Score Comments (2; 1; 0)

19S – Kneeling 13 2 1 0 Tall kneel 5sec while rot head; 2-4sec;<2sec
 Child:________________________
Subscale H: Standing

Balance Work/Preambulatory
Item # Age(mos) Score Comments (2; 1; 0)
23L – Standing 9 2 1 0 Pulls to stand at object; attempts; no try____
25L – Bouncing 10 2 1 0 Hold hands, bounce 3x; 1-2x; stiff legs____
26L – Cruising 10 2 1 0 4 steps sideways; 1-3 steps; none_________
27L – Lowering 10 2 1 0 Lowers to sit no fall; lowers, but falls, no try
28L – Stepping 10 2 1 0 Supported at trunk, 4 alt. steps; 2-3 steps; no
30L – Standing 11 2 1 0 Lets go of support, stands 5sec; 2-4sec; no__
31L – Standing 11 2 1 0 Placed unsupported, stays 3 sec; 1-2 sec; 0_

Single Leg Stance

Item # Age(mos) Score Comments (2; 1; 0)
20S – Stand on 1 Foot 31 2 1 0 Hands on hips 3sec; 1-2 sec; needs help____
21S – Stand on 1 Foot 41 2 1 0 Hands on hips 5sec; 2-4sec; <2sec________
23S – Stand on 1 Foot 45 2 1 0 Hands on hips, <20˚ sway, 5 sec; <20˚ sway,
2-4sec; <2sec or >20˚ sway_____________
25S – Stand on 1 Foot 53 2 1 0 1 foot, then the other, hands on hips <20˚
sway, 6 sec ea foot; 1-5 sec ea foot; no_____
27S – Stand on 1 Foot 59 2 1 0 Each foot, <20˚ sway, 10 sec; 5-8 sec; <5__

Other Stationary Skills

Item # Age(mos) Score Comments (2; 1; 0)
22S – Stand on Tiptoes 43 2 1 0 Arms overhead, no foot mvmt 3sec; 1-2sec;
moves feet or heels on floor_____________
24S – Stand on Tiptoes 51 2 1 0 Arms overhead,<20˚ sway 8 sec; <20˚ sway
5-7 sec; <5sec or >20˚ sway_____________
26S – Imitating Mvmt 57 2 1 0 Imitates 4 pos correctly; 1-3 correct; none__
(present 6 positions) ____________________________________

46L – Stand (tandem) 19 2 1 0 Stand on line, 2sec, toe of back within 3” of

front heel; 1 foot on line, attempt other; no_

Subscale I: Ambulation

Stepping/Beginning Gait
Item # Age(mos) Score Comments (2; 1; 0)
32L – Stepping 11 2 1 0 4 alt. steps, in place or move; 2-3 alt steps;
1 HHA no alt. steps __________________________
34L – Walking12 2 1 0 1 HHA alt, steps 8ft; 4-7ft; <4ft__________
35L – Walking12 2 1 0 Unaided 5 steps; 1-4 steps; no steps or sits__
 Child:________________________

36L – Stand&Move 13 2 1 0 Picks up toy, return to stand takes 3 steps; 1-

Balance 2 steps; loses balance or no try___________

Stairs
Item # Age(mos) Score Comments (2; 1; 0)
40L – Walk ↑ Stairs 15 2 1 0 ↑ 4 steps w/ support from wall or rail; 1-3
steps with support; not on feet___________
43L – Walk ↓ Stairs 17 2 1 0 ↓ 4 steps w/ finger assist; 1-3 steps; no_____
52L - Walk ↑ Stairs 23 2 1 0 ↑ 4 steps no support; 4 steps using rail; no__
53L - Walk ↓ Stairs 25 2 1 0 ↓4 steps no support; 1-3 ø support; uses rail
57L - Walk ↑ Stairs 27 2 1 0 ↑4steps, reciprocating, using rail or wall; 1-3
steps, reciprocating; not reciprocating _____
65L – Walk ↑ Stairs 35 2 1 0 ↑4steps, reciprocating, no support; 1-3 steps
with support or 4 steps not reciprocating; no
71L – Walk ↓ Stairs 43 2 1 0 4steps reciprocating, ø support; both feet on
step or 2 steps ø support; both feet >3 steps

Gait Speed
Item # Age(mos) Score Comments (2; 1; 0)
38L – Walking14 2 1 0 10ft, narrow BOS, heel-toe gait, reciprocal;
______Time to walk 10 ft. 4-9 feet good form; wide BOS, arms out___
41L – Walking Fast 17 2 1 0 Walks 10 ft in ½ time of 38L; > ½ but < ¾
______Time to walk 10 ft. time in 38L; > ¾ time__________________
45L – Running 19 2 1 0 Runs 10ft; 5-9ft; <5ft__________________
60L – Running Speed 29 2 1 0 30ft in 6sec; 30ft in 7-9sec; >9sec________
66L – Running Speed 37 2 1 0 45ft in 6 sec; 45ft in 7-9sec; >9sec________
69L – Running Form 41 2 1 0 Arms back & forth across body at or below
(10 sec) waist, balls of feet used, high knee and heel,
trunk forward; arms out to side or flat feet;
walks at any time_____________________
74L – Run Balance 45 2 1 0 Run & stop w/in 2 steps, no fall; stops in 3
(“stop/go”) steps; >3 steps to stop__________________
85L – Run Speed 57 2 1 0 Completes cycle in 5 sec ø trip or drop can;
& Agility completes cycle 6-10sec or drop can; >10sec
Empty soft drink can 10 ft from start: time to run, pick up can & return to start

Controlled Gait
Item # Age(mos) Score Comments (2; 1; 0)
42L – Walk Backward 17 2 1 0 5 steps back(can pull toy); 2-4 steps; <2steps
44L – Walk Backward 17 2 1 0 Back 5 steps; 2-4steps; <2 steps__________
47L – Walk Sideways 21 2 1 0 Walks side 10ft, lead same foot; 4-9ft, lead
same foot ½ steps; altered form__________
48L – Walking Line 21 2 1 0 1 foot on line 6ft; 1 foot 4-5ft; <4 ft on line_
54L – Walk Backward 25 2 1 0 10ft w/o heels touching toes; 1-9ft; <1ft____
 Child:________________________

56L – Walking Line 27 2 1 0 3steps on line, hands on hips, heels don’t

touch toes; 1-2 steps, hands on hips; one
foot off line__________________________
68L – Walking Line 41 2 1 0 4ft on line, hands on hips, heels not touching
toes; steps off 1 time, good form; >1step off
70L – Walk Line 41 2 1 0 8ft on line, ø step off, hands on hips, heels
Forward not touching toes, <20˚ sway; steps off one
time, good form; steps off >once or sways
75L – Walk Line 45 2 1 0 4ft w/out stepping off line >1x, hands on
Backward hips, no heel-toe touch; steps off 2-5x, good
form; steps off line>5x_________________
78L - Walk Line 51 2 1 0 5 steps ø step off line, hands on hips & toes
Backward touch heels; 2-4 steps good form; <2 steps

Subscale J: Higher Level Activities

Jumping
Item # Age(mos) Score Comments (2; 1; 0)
49L – Jump Forward 23 2 1 0 4” forward, with balance; <4” balanced; step
or fall_______________________________
50L – Jump Up 23 2 1 0 Up 2” w/ feet together; feet barely leave
floor, or leads w/ 1 foot; toes on floor_____
51L – Jump Down 7” 23 2 1 0 Jumps ø assist, 1 foot may lead; steps down
ø assist; needs help____________________
55L – Jump Up 2” 25 2 1 0 Touches line or above; jumps btwn mark &
(line on wall) line; toes on floor or below original mark__
58L – Jump Down 29 2 1 0 Jumps ø assistance, can lead w/ 1 foot; steps
(16-21”) down ø assistance, needs assistance_______
61L – Jump Forward 31 2 1 0 24” with 2 footed takeoff & landing; 12-23”
2-footed; <12”________________________
62L – Jump Down 31 2 1 0 Jumps ø assistance, 2 footed takeoff& land;
(18-24”) jumps leading w/ 1 foot, or falls; needs help
63L – Jump Hurdles 33 2 1 0 Jump over string 2-footed takeoff and land;
(2” string) over, but 1 foot lead; steps over or remains_
67L – Jump Forward 39 2 1 0 26”, 2-footed takeoff &landing; 12-25”; <12
72L – Jump Forward 43 2 1 0 6” forward, other foot does not touch; 2-5”
One Foot no touch; <2” or other foot touches_______
73L – Jump Up 3” 45 2 1 0 Touches line or above; jumps btwn mark &
(line on wall) line; toes on floor or below original mark__
76L – Jump Forward 47 2 1 0 30” forward 2 footed takeoff & land; 20-29”
2 footed; <20” or falls__________________
81L – Jump Forward 53 2 1 0 36” forward 2 footed takeoff & land; 20-35”
2 footed; <20” or falls__________________
 Child:________________________

82L – Turning Jump 53 2 1 0 Jump & turn 180˚, hands on hips, <20˚ body
deviation; turns 90-180˚, good form; <90˚__
84L – Jump Hurdles 57 2 1 0 Jump over string 2 footed takeoff & land; 1
(10” string) footed takeoff & landing; no jump over____
87L – Jump Side 59 2 1 0 Jumps back & forth 3 cycles, hands on hips,
(over line) feet together, ø touch line or pause; jumps
1-2 cycles; lands on line or pause btwn jump

Other Activities
Item # Age(mos) Score Comments (2; 1; 0)
59L – Walk on Toes 29 2 1 0 Walks on tiptoes 5 steps w/o heels touching
floor; 1-4 steps same form; heels on floor__
64L – Walk on Toes 33 2 1 0 Walks on toes entire length of line, hands on
(4”x 8’ line) hips, heels up; 1-7ft; <1ft_______________
77L – Hopping 47 2 1 0 5 hops on 1 foot, then 3-5 on other foot;
1-4 hops on 1 foot, 1-2 on other; none_____
83L – Hop Forward 53 2 1 0 Hops one line to other, truns & hops back on
(3 feet) other foot; 1 foot to line, turn 1-2 hops back;
hops in place, does not reach line_________
89L – Hopping speed 63 2 1 0 20ft in 6sec ø LOB or touch of opposite toe;
(20 feet) 20ft in 7-10sec good form; <20ft or >10sec_
80L – Galloping 51 2 1 0 10ft w/ weight transfer smooth & even, arms
free; 5-9ft good form; <5ft______________
86L – Skipping 57 2 1 0 Skips 8 steps, opposite arms & legs; 4-7
steps, alternating; <4steps or stiff arms____
88L – Skipping 61 2 1 0 Skips 10ft, good balance & rhythm; 5-9 feet;
<4ft or arms stiff at sides_______________
28S – Sit-ups 59 2 1 0 3 in 30sec; 1-2 in 30sec; none____________
29S – Sit-ups 68 2 1 0 5 in 30sec; 3-4 in 30sec; <3_____________
30S – Push-ups 72 2 1 0 8 in 20sec; 4-7 in 20sec; <4_____________
79L – Rolling 51 2 1 0 Completes forward roll <15˚deviation; rolls,
Forward but >15˚deviation; fails to roll___________

Object Manipulation

Receiving Ball (8” playground ball, except #22)

Item # Age(mos) Score Comments (2; 1; 0)
1 – Catching Ball 12 2 1 0 Corrals ball w/ arms &/or hands ø LOB;
(straddle sit on floor, roll ball) corrals ball, but loses balance; misses ball__
10 – Catching Ball 25 2 1 0 Extends arms in front, attempts to secure
(toss ball from 5ft away) ball by bending arms, does NOT need to
catch ball; extends arms, but keeps straight;
turns away from thrown ball_____________
 Child:________________________
14 – Catching Ball 33 2 1 0 Catch ball w/ hands & arms extended; tries
(toss ball from 5ft away) to catch ball; turns away or no arm effort__
17 – Catching Ball 41 2 1 0 Catches ball w/ hands, arms bent 45-90˚;
(toss ball from 5ft away) catches ball by encircling it, then pulling to
chest; fails to catch ball_________________
22 – Catching Ball 51 2 1 0 Catches ball 2/3 trials, arms bent, using only
(toss tennis ball from 5ft away) hands; catches ball 1/3 trials hands only; no_

Throwing Ball (tennis ball, except #2 = 8”playground ball)

Item # Age(mos) Score Comments (2; 1; 0)
2 – Rolling Ball 13 2 1 0 Rolls ball 3ft forward using hand/arm;
(straddle sit on floor) rolls ball 2-3ft forward; <2ft roll__________
3 – Flinging Ball 13 2 1 0 Throws ball in any direction, extend arm at
shoulder or elbow; releases ball ø arm ext.;
Drops ball___________________________
5 – Throwing Ball 15 2 1 0 Throws ball by ext. arm at shoulder or
elbow, maintain balance; throws ball, but
loses balance; drops ball________________
7 – Throwing Ball 19 2 1 0 Throws ball 3ft in air; 1-2 ft in air; drops
(overhand – 3ft.) ball or does not throw forward___________
8 – Throwing Ball 23 2 1 0 Throws ball 3ft in air; 1-2 ft in air; drops
(underhand – 3ft.) ball or does not throw forward___________
11 – Throwing Ball 27 2 1 0 Initiates throw by moving arm up & back,
(overhand – 7ft.) ball travels 7ft forward in air; different
initiation of throw, travels <6ft in air; drops
ball or not forward____________________
12 – Throwing Ball 29 2 1 0 Initiates throw by moving arm down& back,
(underhand – 7ft.) ball travels 7ft forward in air; different
initiation of throw, travels <7ft in air; drops
ball or not forward____________________
15 – Throwing Ball 39 2 1 0 Throws ball 10ft forward, good form; 3-9ft,
(overhand – 10ft.) <3ft or different direction_______________
16 – Hitting Target 39 2 1 0 Hits target 2/3 trials; hits 1/3 trials; fails to
(underhand – 5ft from target) hit target____________________________
18 – Hitting Target 43 2 1 0 Hits target 2/3 trials; hits 1/3 trials; fails to
(overhand – 5ft from target) hit target____________________________
19 – Throwing Ball 45 2 1 0 Throws ball 10ft w/ trunk rotation; 3-9ft w/
(underhand – 10ft.) trunk rotation; <3 ft, or no rotation________
20 – Hitting Target 51 2 1 0 Hits target 2/3 trials; hits 1/3 trials; fails to
(overhand – 12ft from target) hit target____________________________
21 – Bouncing Ball 51 2 1 0 Bounces ball to wall so it hits floor once
(stand 5ft from wall) then hits wall; hits floor >1x before wall;
hits wall 1st or misses wall______________
24 – Catch Bounced 68 2 1 0 Bounces & catches ball 2/3 trials, 1/3 trial;
Ball (self bounce) fails to catch ball______________________
 Child:________________________
Kicking Ball ( 8” playground ball)
Item # Age(mos) Score Comments (2; 1; 0)
4 – Kicking Ball 15 2 1 0 Lifts foot & contact ball; attempts; no try___
(place ball 6” in front of child) ____________________________________

6 – Kicking Ball 19 2 1 0 Kicks ball 3ft forward w/ <45˚ deviation;

(place ball 6” in front of child) kicks ball 3 ft w/ >45˚ deviation; kick <3ft_

9 – Kicking Ball 23 2 1 0 Kicks ball 3ft w/ <20˚ deviation from mid.;

(place ball 6” in front of child) Kicks 3ft, but deviates >20˚; <3ft or >20˚__

13 – Kicking Ball 29 2 1 0 Kick ball forward 6ft. w/ opposite arm & leg
mvmts, initiate kick w/ leg back& knee bent;
2-6 ft. same form; bad form or ball <2ft.___
23 – Kicking Ball 68 2 1 0 Kicks ball so it travels 12 ft in air using opp.
arm & leg mvmts, initiate kick w/ leg back&
knee bent; 6-11ft in air, good form; <6ft___