Approximation and Estimation
David Nyirenda
Malawi University of Science and Technology
David Nyirenda (Malawi University of Science and Technology)
Approximation and Estimation 1/8
Introduction
Approximation and estimation are fundamental concepts in
mathematics, science, and engineering.
These concepts help us understand the accuracy and precision of
measurements and calculations.
This presentation will cover measurement, accuracy, precision,
estimation, and approximation, along with illustrations and examples.
David Nyirenda (Malawi University of Science and Technology)
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Measurement
Measurement is the process of assigning numbers to quantities to
describe some aspect of the physical world.
It involves comparing an unknown quantity to a known standard.
Measurements are expressed using units, such as meters, kilograms,
seconds, etc.
David Nyirenda (Malawi University of Science and Technology)
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Accuracy and Precision
Accuracy refers to how close a measured value is to the true value or
accepted reference value.
Precision refers to the degree of consistency or reproducibility of
measurements.
A measurement can be accurate but not precise, precise but not
accurate, both accurate and precise, or neither accurate nor precise.
David Nyirenda (Malawi University of Science and Technology)
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Estimation
Estimation is the process of finding an approximate value for a
quantity when an exact value is not available or practical to
determine.
It involves using available information and reasoning to make an
educated guess.
Estimation is useful in situations where precise measurements are not
required or feasible.
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Approximation
Approximation is similar to estimation but may involve more
systematic or mathematical techniques.
It often involves simplifying complex calculations or expressions to
obtain a rough but usable result.
Approximation methods vary depending on the context and desired
level of accuracy.
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Illustrations
Nearest Whole Numbers
Nearest 10, 100, 1000
Decimals
Significant Figures
Standard Notation
Order of Magnitude
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Conclusion
Understanding approximation and estimation is essential for making
informed decisions in various fields.
These concepts help us navigate the uncertainties inherent in
measurements and calculations.
By applying approximation and estimation techniques, we can work
with imperfect information to solve real-world problems effectively.
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