THERMODYNAMICS

RAFTAAR
DAY 5

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 CHEMISTRY SCHEDULE -NITESH DEVNANI

478-6PM
29th February-Thursday: #DAYI COMPLETED
Lecture Kaisa
Mole Concept Iga??
#2IDD-HA1
LIVE
- 1st March-Friday: #DAY2COMPLETED
#ZIDD-HAI Atomic Structure Vaisa
tective
Iga??
2nd March-Saturday: #DAY COMPLETED #RIDD-HAI
Periodic Table

LIVE
- 4th March-Monday: #DAYG COMPLETED
-
Chemical Bonding
#RIDD
#DAMY COMPLETED 2
⑲
5th March-Tuesday:
Thermodynamics #ZIDD-HAl

6th March-Wednesday:
Chemical Equilibrium ⑱
7th March-Thursday:
Ionic Equilibrium

8th March-Friday:
Redox Reactions

9th March-Saturday:
P-Block (Class 11th)

11th March-Monday:
IUPAC

12th March-Tuesday:
Isomerism

13th March-Wednesday:
GOC
 CHEMISTRY SCHEDULE -NITESH DEVNANI

14th March-Thursday:
Hydrocarbons

15th March-Friday:
Solutions

16th March-Saturday:
Chemical Kinetics

18th March-Monday:
Electrochemistry

19th March-Tuesday:
D&F-Block

20th March-Wednesday:
P-Block (Class 12th)

21st March-Thursday:
Coordination Compounds

22nd March-Friday:
Haloalkanes & Haloarenes

23rd March-Saturday:
Alcohols & Phenols

24th March-Monday:
Ethers

26th March-Tuesday:
Aldehydes & Ketones

27th March-Wednesday:
Carboxylic Acids

28th March-Wednesday:
Amines
*ONE
*

DAY ONE CHAPTER ONE STOP

·I
·* RANK BOOSTING DOD ->
-

SOLUTION
-

MAGIC DPPs
-
*

·
AIR
· STATEMENT BASED
·

MATCH THE
COLUMN

SHORT
**

NOTES

REVISION
-
-

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 GOLD QUESTION SERIES

·
8N MARCH

IAM -> MOLE +ATOMIC

-
-

PRACTICE

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RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
 #
THERMODYNAMICS
Branch which deal
science with
*
of
energy changes
R -
> P

Old Bonds-) Buck ENDO

New Bonds-> Fou=> Exo

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SOME IMP TERMS

SYSTEM.
*

part under observation

of uress

SURROUNDING
**

part universe
of excludingsystem
BOUNDARY
*

which
Anything separates system and surr

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 *
mass-
* OPEN SYSTEM -
engy
which mass
exchange
*
can

and
elegy.
*
mass X

A
CLOSED SYSTEM
enegy
which
exchange anegy
* on

but not mass.

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 *

* ISOLATED SYSTEM
which
*
exchange
cannot mass

well as
as
energy.
mass X

mugy

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* STATE
OF
SYSTEM I HAALAT OF SYSTEM
-
-

Profutes
which
define of any
state

system.
Displacement
*

STATE FUNCTION

4 - ES
initial
which
defend only upon and
final
0 0
A
state =
a.
=

7
- Pressure,
E,5, H,4
volume,
tenqualize
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PATH FUNCTION Distant, eg
-
-
work and heat

which
defend on
path followed by
system. A ⑪ 2 +
3

·
·B

wid ③

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 420 BP 100
I 100gm
=

A INTENSIVE PROPERTY
BP 100C
1000gm 420 =

property independent on mass

heat
I density, templative, pressure, specific
Pressure.
moler heat, BP, MP,
Vapour
1 9110 1/2
agm
=
420 =>
=

EXTENSIVE PROPERTY
-

D 18
gm 420 => 1 18/10
=
1
=

property dependent on mass

mass, vlume, moles,

intropy, Gibbs
free mugy,
intend
Enthalpy, energy

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* TYPES PROCESS
OF

· Process
Jothumal AT 0 =

↳ T is constant;

·
Process
Isobaric AP 0
=

↳ D is constant;

· Process
Hochoric AV 8 =

↳ Vis constant;
AdiabaticProcess
9
·
0
=

↳ is ZERO
heat
exchange

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 Process
Cyclic
·

AE =

↳ Initial - Final BH 0 =

statt slate
-

AS 0
D ASSAM
=

C
⑧
< THAILAND
A4 0
·
=

⑧ ·
B
A
Jafur 40A
*
-

value is ZERO
Change
state
in
function
*

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⑦ Reasible and Irrevusible Process
Irreversible Process
&

Reversible Process
SAND

·
↑ =

Il ⑭ Il 8
=-------- ----------
GAS GAS

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 D

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 IMP
-
-

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 under P-v
⑦ WORK
. Area
gaph
P-V work
*

V,- Initial volume

W =
=

fOdV V2 -> Final volume

-
-

P is constant
If

·in
P va

w
pdV
=
=

an V W =
=
Un

P(va-vi) = =
PAV

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 W =
= P(v2 -

VI)

-> V2> V=> W =-re

Expansion
VV, => W= the
compression
->

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A HEAT

↳
Enugy flow due to
difference
temperature
*
↑ Cab 4 4.2]

1 J =
10
egs
Data 10103]
=

12ba 100]
=

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 CONVENTION E
SIGN

work done
workdone w W = + ve w
>
W= -
r

by system
-

on
system
↑
SYSTEM

heat released
heat q
to
my system
given -

system 9 tre g
= re
= -

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 U or E
A INTERNAL ENERGY NOTWA

associated
of differentvegies
with
Sum its
geovitational
mugy
atoms and molecules
potential augy,
like KE
- not
part of
is

electronic nuclear its

internal
mugy, ergy energy
--
-

v PE+KE+ RE+NEt.....
=

REASON 8-
->
-

mass is too small

-
--

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 Property defends mass
- on
Extensive
*

-
-

State
*
function
Cannot absolute value internal
*

find of mugy
AU Uz-UI
= U==> Find state

U, =) Initial
state

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 FLOT

SU=9**-
wo
e
↓
in

change
U

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& I SO THERMAL PROCESS
T is constant AT 0
=

-
-

ideal internal T
eugy defends only
on
For
* an
gas,
Iothermal Process-> AT = 0 => AU = 0

Au +w 0
=

g
=

w
g
=
-

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* ISOCHORIC PROCESS AU E
qv
=

vis constant;AV=0 in intune

charge mugy
heat released
↳ w = -

jrv equal
is

or absorbed at constant
o W 0
=

w
volume
AV=
g
+

Au=qv-couslant
-

·
volume

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* CYCLEC PROCESS

↳ Initial state-Final state

w
10 0
g
= =
+

08G = w
-

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A ADIABATIC PROCESS
·

Expansion
W = -
ve
=>>
AU=- re
↳ *

g 0
=

decrease
var < Wy
AV w
g
=
+

AU= W
·

Compression
So W + ve
= I
=>
the
=

uncrease

Ua>UI

RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247

A ISUBARIC PROCESS
AH
9P
=

> P is constant
STATE FUNCTION
AP 0
=

ENTHALPY EXTENSIVE

↳ heat released or

absorbed at constant

Pressure

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ENTHALPY
O

is
* sum
of
intrael
mugy
and
pressive volume

enugy.
HU =
+
PV

AH= AU+A(PV)

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 BH 1U+1 (PV)
=

If P is constant ~
*
IH AU+PAV -> Ideal
=

--
- gas
vis constant
If PAV=
AngRT
AU+VAP
AH= moles
Ang=
sum
of gaseous
-
product
Sum mole retent
of gaseous
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 BH DU+PAV
=

AH=
AU+AngRT
1H Ar
Ang
=> =

· 0
=

AH> Ar
Ang
· >o =>

Ang C0 => AHLAU

·

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-Na()
+
342G)-2Nry(g)
Ang 2-4
=

DMCAV
=

o CH24)
->
M2G) +
22G)
JU
AH=
Ang 2
=
- 20 =

(a0(s)
&
CaCO3(s) -
+CO29

Ang 1
=
=
0 = D AHT AU
->

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 i

10K]
q
+
=

*v
g w
= +

W
=
=
4k]
=
+10 -

N
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Question i enohumic
Combustion CHj(e) releases 936.9 Kcal. Calculate
of
internal %
enegy
C4o() +10g) 6002ly)
- +
3420 (e)*
⑤
2
6
Ang 15
↑

-936.9 kcal
= =

AH
-

& =2 cal R =
8.314 I
*
2x10-3 k Cal
=

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 RT Calculation
Ang
AU+
AH=
-

(3)(2x10-3)
x 298
-
936.9 1V
=
+

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RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
 *
A HEAT extensive
->
· Heat
capacity (c) property
O

to raise
ofamount required temp
Amount heat
substance
of given of by one
degree or

one kelvin
C =
↳
AT

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RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
 Intensive
(s)
2) Specific Hat
Capacity
to raise property
Amount
of
heat
required tip of
kelvin
I
gram of
substance
by one
degree or one

A
-
=

MAT

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3) Molar (m)
heater
I Intensive
-

to raise
temp of
Profuly
Amount
of
heat
required
kelvin
I mole
of
substance
by one
degree or one

Cm= -
NAT

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 Cm

At const. P at const. V

CP CV ⑰
⑭
= =

DAT NAT

14 Gp MCpAT IU=Gr nCAT

=

=
=

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 2020/2021
Meyer's Formula
-
-

Degree of Freedom

Cp-Cv R =

for mole
-
law
of equi fallion
mos
of energy i
Cp-Cr=np
for -

V P=

(poison's Ratio) v

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 CP
Gas CV CP V =

Ev

5R
monoatomic I 5 1.66
=

5R

He Ne Al
e -

2 3
-

Diatomic 5R FR
--
I
104
=

en

I 2 5
H2, 02, N2

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 CP
Gas CV CP V =

Ev

Triatomic 5R FR V = 7 104 =

I
-

Lineal HYBRI 2 5
CO2 0 c0
= =

Tiatomic 3R UR V 4 1.33
=

Non Lines 3 -
-

58.
is
or
Poly atomic

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 I REVERSIBLE
* WORK

Pis constant
w =
=

fpdv --

Win==P(Va-VI)

Win=-PAV

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IRREVERSIBLE PROCESS

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 P, V, PzVa
Bay's how
=

*
REVERSIBLE PROCESS Ir

f-
0 w nRT dV
variable
=
-

P is
-
-

W
fPdV
=

W
=
= R1 n=-
VI
nRTen
PV RT =

P DRT
logv2=-2.303nclog
= W =-
2.303DRT
-

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WORK DONE IN VACCUM

⑳
W = =

fodv
FREE
=>
EXPANSION
W0
=

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 PUR 2020/2021
-

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 W = =
RT n2
Vi
y Un
=

v2
loy
=

*
= -

xR(00) in
y
y
=-
300KRen 10

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A REVERSIBLEADIABATIC PROCESS

=
-
=

0
9
=

IV w
g
= +

W nCAT
AU= =

W n(r(T T)
= -

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 =
*

NOT
* WA

-> Reversible AdiabaticProcess: -

Poison's
↑

V= ratio
⑪ Pv= constant
⑳
PV RT
TVV= constant
=

P=
M
08 n =constant
V

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 O

Ov= constant Adiabatic

rusible process
Fur--constant &

TVp
1 -
V
constant
=

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 GRAPHS ADIABATIC vIS ISOTHERMAL
PVV K =
PV k
=

Now steep) a

i
⑪

Adabali

i
⑪ P ⑳
O
⑳
3
ISOTHERMAL stathuma

" ·
)
ADIABATIe

>
Un V V2 V

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 LIMITATIONS FIRST LAW
A OF

It does not
feasibilityof
explain a
process
given
-

↳
-

conditions

Possibility
under

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 ->To
Afae Aap
nota Hai

To
->
afue cap
Nahi Hote

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RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
 function
state
-

(S)
*

Extensive
Property
*

Randomness 4 I Initiat
untropy
=>
Final
R >
- P
AS
gre
-
--

T as= (S)-(S)r
DS
Sfinal-Sinilist
=

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Cannas
formula *
BR dn V2
AS nCvE
= I -

TH VI

REVERSIBLE ISOTHERMAL I SOCHORIC

4 T2 Vi Ve
= =

AS DR dn
=

AS nCvdn Tz
=

VI Tl

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Sgas7
*

Sig) Solid

More the
gaseous
nature - more

A
is
intropy
AS the
Ang >0 =>
=

90 => AS ve
Ing
=
-

1S 0 GAS
Any
0
= => =

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 Asqus=o

Asvap=

ASsub= AH
-

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 *** Al

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* ENTROPY CHANGE
IN REVERSIBLEPROCESS

↳ -

quilibrium
E
ASunivuse =
0

ASsys + ASsun 0
=

Assys == AS sun

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* ENTROPY CHANGE
IN IRREVERSIBLEPROCESS

Irreversible Process
A Sunivuse > O

Assystem +
Assun 70

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 IRREVERSIBLE

Astotal 70=>
Spontaneous
Astotal 40 => Non
sfonterious
AsTotal 0
=
->
equilibrium
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 Ha 42 -> 2HC
-
0.13 0.22 0.19

AS Sp- SR
=

(x019)
=
-

(0.3 0.22)
+

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 2nd
of
law

Thermo
-
-

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 - ultimate
X

crila
~

>
-

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 TIstotal
AGsystim
-
=

AGsystem
Asmotal>0 O
Spontaneous
Non
spontaneous Astotal 40
Alsystem >
~

Equilibr Astotel 0
=

AG
system
0
=

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CASE
18 - 14 AH- TAS
=

AH decrease
C0-enugy
increase
As>o-> intropy ↑

1H-IAs
AG=
-
He -
ver

0 alys
sporaneous
-

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CASE 28-

urease
AUTO-
enegy
decreate
etopy
-

As so-

AG AH-FAs
=

the the

⑲o always
spontaneous
-

non
-

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CASE 38 -

ANCO- decease
mugy
durcate
IS 48 -
entropy
A4 AH-75'=

-He the

spontaneous at how I

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CASE 48 -

AH>0
enugy
-> increase

ASTO- increase
intropy
14 AH-TIs
=

the -
re

⑭ spontaneous high
↑

at

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THERMO
I

Finish
-
-

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