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Understanding Layered Protocols

This document provides an introduction to computer networks and the Internet. It discusses how network protocols define the format and order of messages sent and received between network entities, similar to human protocols. It introduces the layered architecture of protocols, with each layer providing services to the layer above. It specifically describes the seven-layer OSI reference model, with each layer responsible for distinct network functions, from physical transmission of bits to high-level application functions. It also discusses the TCP/IP reference model that underlies modern Internet protocols.

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40 views33 pages

Understanding Layered Protocols

This document provides an introduction to computer networks and the Internet. It discusses how network protocols define the format and order of messages sent and received between network entities, similar to human protocols. It introduces the layered architecture of protocols, with each layer providing services to the layer above. It specifically describes the seven-layer OSI reference model, with each layer responsible for distinct network functions, from physical transmission of bits to high-level application functions. It also discusses the TCP/IP reference model that underlies modern Internet protocols.

Uploaded by

bffs814
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Computer

networks and Internet

Prof. Tejal Tandel


Assistant Professor,
Information Technology Department,
MBIT, New V V Nagar
Protocol Layers
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Protocols human protocols:


… specific msgs sent
… specific actions taken
when msgs received, or
other events
🞄🞄protocols define format,order of messages sent and received
among network entities, and actions taken on message
transmission,receipt
A human
protocol
Vs.
A computer
network
protocol:
🞄🞄
🞄🞄
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🞄🞄
Protocol 🞄🞄
🞄🞄
Layers
and “ ”
Their Service
Models
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🞄🞄
Layered
Architecture
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Layered
Architecture

🞄🞄
Layered
Architecture
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Tasks involved
in sending a
letter
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’
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Why layering? 🞄🞄 ’

🞄🞄 ’

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The OSI Model 🞄🞄

Note

ISO is the organization.


OSI is the model.
Seven layers of
the
OSI model
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Physical Layer

Note

The physical layer is responsible for movements of


individual bits from one hop (node) to the next.
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Physical Layer 🞄🞄
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Data link layer

Note

The data link layer is responsible for moving


frames from one hop (node) to the next.
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Data link layer


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Network Layer
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Network Layer
🞄🞄

Transport
Layer
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🞄🞄
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Transport 🞄🞄
Layer 🞄🞄
🞄🞄
🞄🞄

Session Layer
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🞄🞄
Session Layer 🞄🞄
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Presentation
Layer
🞄🞄

Presentation 🞄🞄
Layer 🞄🞄
🞄🞄
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Application
Layer
🞄🞄
🞄🞄
Application 🞄🞄
🞄🞄
Layer 🞄🞄
To allow access to network
Application resource
To translate, encrypt and
compress data Presentation
To establish, manage and
Session terminate sessions
To provide reliable process-to-
process message delivery and error
recovery Transport
To move packets from source to
destination; To provide
Network internetworking
To organize bits into frames; To
provide hop-to-hop delivery Data link
To transmit bits over a medium; To
Physical provide mechanical & electrical
specification
🞄🞄
🞄🞄

TCP/IP Reference
Model
(Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol)
TCP/IP Model
Architecture

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