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Chemical Reaction Engineering Guide

This document provides two tutorial problems related to reversible chemical reactions: 1) Develop rate expressions and plot conversion vs. time for a reversible reaction A ↔ R with first-order kinetics in both directions. 2) Determine the required volume of the first continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) in a two-CSTR system for a reversible reaction A ↔ R, given the conversion, flow rates, kinetics, volumes and temperatures. Also determine the conversion if the reaction was irreversible.

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27 views2 pages

Chemical Reaction Engineering Guide

This document provides two tutorial problems related to reversible chemical reactions: 1) Develop rate expressions and plot conversion vs. time for a reversible reaction A ↔ R with first-order kinetics in both directions. 2) Determine the required volume of the first continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) in a two-CSTR system for a reversible reaction A ↔ R, given the conversion, flow rates, kinetics, volumes and temperatures. Also determine the conversion if the reaction was irreversible.

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jdenley27
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CP414: Tutorial 1

(to be attempted by the end of Academic Week 1)

Topic 1: Developing rate equations for Reversible reactions and visualising changes in
reaction rate and conversion.
Developing skills related to solving differential equations and their employment for
obtaining numerical forms of rate equation.

1. Develop a rate expression for a reversible reaction where 𝐴 ↔ 𝑅.

(a) It is known that the rate in both directions are first order, and there is no R at the
reaction mixture at start.

Note: This has been developed in Lecture 1, which shows the whole derivation, but you need
to make sure that you can derive the full form by yourself. You should go step by step to
develop a full understanding.

(b) Plot the reaction rate of disappearance of A vs XA if the reaction rate of the
forward reaction is 10 min-1 and and the equilibrium conversion is 80%. Also plot
the conversion of A vs time in minutes.
Clues and Answers:
5 5
The integral form of the conversion should be : − ln [1 − 𝑋𝐴 ] = 𝑘𝑓 𝑡
4 4

Which should be used to develop a chart manually (or any software) such as below.

XA as a function of time, t in minutes


1.2
1
Conversion

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
Time in minutes
Topic 2: Revision of CP316 for Flow Reactors: Handling reversible reactions and effect on
reactor size.

2. The homogenous, reversible, exothermic, liquid phase reaction 𝐴 ↔ 𝑅 is being


carried out in a reactor system consisting of two ideal CFSTR in series.

Both reactors operate at 150oC. The molar flow rate of A entering the first CFSTR is
55,000 mol h-1. The concentration of A in this stream 6.5 [Link]/l, and the
concentration of R is negligible.

It is known that the fractional conversion of A in the outlet stream from the second
CFSTR is 0.75. The fractional conversion is based on the molar flow rate entering the
first reactor.

The reaction order is first in both directions. The rate constant for the forward
reaction @ 150oC is 1.28 h-1 and the equilibrium constant based on concentration
(i.e. Kc) is 10.0.

(a) If the volume of the second CFSTR is 10,000 l, determine the required volume of
the first CFSTR.

(b) What conversion would be attained in the first reactor if the reaction were
irreversible, i.e. 𝐴 → 𝑅, and the forward rate constant were the same?

You may need to Read and Revise


You need to revise lectures on CFSTR and know the design equation for a CFSTR to be able
to solve this problem.
These are presented in CP316 lecture 6, 7 and 8. Please revise these.

Clues to solve the problem:


Use rate equations pertinent to reversible reactions and the form of the reversible rate
equation should be used? Use the equilibrium constant to find the conversion(s).

Interim Answer: Insert here

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