GREEN BUILDING

ABSTRACT:

Green building or sustainable buildings are designed with the purpose of

lowering the demand for energy , water , and materials resource while

enhancing environmental protection. Green building practice is to constructing

environmental sustainable substance. The objectives include minimizing

resource consumption , reducing environmental impact and promoting

occupant well being.

Green building refers to resource maintenance to maximum extent ,

include energy or land saving. Green building is one of measures been put

forward to mitigate significant impacts of the building stock on the

environment, society and economy.

Green buildings are not only beneficial for environment but also it

contribute to the global efforts in mitigating climate change and achieving

energy efficiency. However, in challenges such as government policies,

technical limitations, and economic considerations may hinder the full

implementation on the green building practices.

 Green buildings serve as fundamental platforms for sustainable

development, addressing environmental, economic, social, and health aspects.

They represent an opportunity to create a positive impact while ensuring a

balanced and multi-dimensional approach to construction and design.

This review discusses about the green buildings ,its history and evalution

and its certification system, maintenance advantages and disadvantages.

INTRODUCTION:

Building design, construction, operation, and maintenance typically consume

massive amounts of raw materials, energy, and water, producing a lot of waste

and polluting the air and water.

On the other hand, green building represents the only viable solution through

the development of healthier and more resource.efficient models for building,

remodeling, operating, and maintaining.

Green architecture and sustainable building practices are regarded as a contem

porary architectural movement that modifies the building's interaction with the

environment. (www.engineersrail.com)

The construction sector significantly affects society on an economic,

social, and environmental level. Buildings, one of the main products of the

construction sector, are primarily reflections of these effects during

its lifespan.

The provision of structures and amenities to meet human needs, the

creation of jobs either directly or indirectly (through subsidiaries in the

construction sector), and the enhancement of the national economy are some

of the benefits of construction activities.

For example, the construction sector in Australia supports over a million

employment and accounts for 7.5% of the country's GDP. In a similar vein,

structures and construction activities are essential to urbanisation.

It is also commonly known that structures and construction operations

have detrimental effects. These include the construction-related noise, dust,

traffic jams, water pollution, and trash disposal. (green building research-

current status and future agenda: a review by jian zuo a)

WHAT IS GREEN BUILDING?

The general public's awareness of green building is rising. Nonetheless, there have been

heated discussions on what a green building is or should be covered by a green building. In fact,

defining and promoting green buildings becomes more difficult due to the imprecise meaning of the

term.( Green building research–current status and future agenda: A review JianZuo )

Green building, also referred to as sustainable building, eco-friendly building, or green

construction, describes a building's structure as well as the application of resource- and

environmentally-conscious methods at every stage of the building's life cycle, including planning,

design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition.At every level of the

project, the contractor, architects, engineers, and client must work closely together to achieve this.
[2] The traditional building design principles of economy, usability, durability, and comfort are

expanded upon and enhanced by the green building method.[1] Green building also refers to saving

resources to the maximum extent, including energy saving, land saving, water saving, material

saving, etc., during the whole life cycle of the building, protecting the environment and reducing

pollution, providing people with healthy, comfortable and efficient use of space, and being

environmentally conscious.( en.wikipedia.org)

Green building is a resource-efficient construction technique that results in healthier buildings with

lower maintenance costs and a smaller environmental effect. The full life cycle of a structure is taken

into consideration in this sustainable construction method, including its location, design,

construction, operation, maintenance, repair, and demolition (for more information, see Life Cycle

Assessment). Though there are variations on the topic with slightly varied connotations, terms like

sustainable building, high performance building, and green construction are used interchangeably to

represent essentially the same thing. For instance, natural building is a sustainable construction

method that exclusively makes use of natural building materials. Sustainable design encompasses

green building, yet delves into a much broader set of issues from the micro (sustainable furniture

design) to macro.( greenbuildingcanada.ca)

First, let's define what a green building is. Some people may define a green building as simply one

that doesn't actually have as much of an impact on the environment as another "average" building.

Others may define it as the type of building and the surrounding area. The ideal green building

project would allow you to preserve the majority of the natural environment surrounding the project

site while still being able to produce a building that will serve a purpose. The construction and

operation will promote a healthy environment for all involved.( www.conserve-energy-future.com)

It's likely that you have heard of the terms "green building" or "sustainable building," even if you are

not an architect, constructor, developer, building owner, or real estate agent. It's possible that you

work or reside in a high-performance or green building.

We'll talk about what green construction is in this piece and why it matters.I have always been

enthralled with buildings: their appearance, their construction and functionality, and most

importantly, their capacity to improve people's quality of life and employment. I seized the chance to

learn everything I could about green design and green building when a former client and company

started a green construction initiative.( greengroundswell.com)

HISTORY OF GREEN BUILDING:

It is widely acknowledged that BREEAM was the world's first green building
grading system. But the history of this rating system—as well as the ones that
came after it, like LEED and Greenstar—is not well recorded in the literature,
and as the founding fathers retire and die, it may be lost. The authors have
attempted to document this nearly lost history through personal correspondence
with influential industry figures such as Rob Watson, Nigel Howard, and Jerry
Yudelson. This will help future researchers in this field better understand why
green building rating tools have taken the form and origins that they have. The
investigation has turned up hitherto unrecorded details about the development of
these grading instruments, including the process of making decisions that
resulted in the creation of important structural components.( The unwritten
history of green building rating tools: a personal view from some
of the ‘founding fathers’
Rochelle Ade)

The Office of the Federal Environmental Executive defines green building as

"the process of: 1) raising the

efficiency with which structures and their locations use resources like as water,

energy, and materials; and2) minimizing the negative effects of buildings on the

environment and human health by improved siting, design, construction,

operation, maintenance, and removal throughout the course of their entire life
cycle.1. Although the green building movement has been more popular in the

past ten years, its roots are in the late 1800s.

The National Building Museum in Washington, DC's curator of architecture and

design, David Gissen, claims that buildings like Milan's Galleria Vittorio

Emanuele II and London's Crystal Palace employed techniques to lessen their

environmental effect.( www.naturalstoneinstitute.org)

Milestone 1: “Silent Spring” by Rachael Carson in 1962:

The novel "Silent Spring" by Rachael Carson is mostly credited for sparking the

green construction movement in the United States. A nationwide discussion on

the unregulated usage of Dichloro-Diphenyl was sparked by the book.

The government uses trichloroethane (DDT) and other insecticides. The First

Earth Day was observed on April 22, 1970, as a result of this argument uniting

environmentalists across the nation. One could call the public awareness raised

by this book the first nationwide environmental movement in American history.

Internationally speaking, Stockholm, Sweden hosted the inaugural Earth

Summit in 1972. It was started and is widely regarded as the main defining

moment in the history of international ecology.

Milestone II: OPEC oil embargo of 1972: Every American was impacted by

the oil embargo imposed on the nation by the Organization of Petroleum

Exporting Countries (OPEC), which also raised awareness of the need to

conserve the finite non-renewable natural resources. The

Although the embargo was only in place for six months, it had a catastrophic

effect on oil security and increased American animosity toward OPEC countries.

The government took swift action, enacting laws that reduced speed

restrictions on highways to 55 mph and offered tax breaks for the development

of alternative energy sources. It also urged people to cut back on the

unnecessary use of oil in their daily lives.

Milestone III – Brundtland Commission of 1987: The United Nations

General Assembly established the World Commission on Environment and

Development in 1983, led by the first female prime minister, as a result of the

Earth Summit's failure to formulate any policies.

Gro Harlem Brundtland, a minister. The commission's main goal was to

address the mounting concerns regarding the rate at which the natural

resources and human environment are deteriorating. The "Brundtland

Commission," as it is now renowned, was tasked with defining sustainable

development in their 1987 report "Our Common Future."

Milestone IV – Formation of USGBC in 1993: Environmental

organizations in the United States were deeply divided as a result of all the

global events that occurred during Milestone III (BDC 2003).

The United States government chose to focus on the construction industry in

order to address sustainability because it was one of the primary energy

resource users, a direct conduit for public communication, and a contributor

to greenhouse gas emissions (Bhatnagar 1999, Bondareva 2005, Dalal-

Clayton et al. 1994, Kibert 2005, Landman 1999). One of the most significant

things that happened during this time was the creation of the U.S. Green

Building Council (USGBC).

Green building movement in India: The government's efforts to promote

sustainability in society and the corporate sector's adoption of green building

rules are primarily responsible for the growth of the green building

movement in India (Bhatnagar 1999). In contrast to the United States, where

public policy was the basis for government Due to pressure from

environmental movements, the Indian government made significant policy

moves in reaction to global occurrences like the Second Earth Summit, the

Brundtland Commission, and the OPEC oil embargo (Bondareva 2005).

Phase I (1974 – 1996): Establishment of institutions by the

government to encourage sustainability in India: During the initial

stage, the government implemented capacity building initiatives aimed at

promoting sustainability throughout Indian society. These efforts to increase

capacity might be seen as the government's reaction to the energy crisis that
resulted from the 1972 OPEC oil embargo. (IGBC 2007, TERI 2007,

Bhatranagar 1999). The following is a timeline of the events that took place

during this phase (Bhatnagar 1999, TERI 2007): (1) The establishment of the

Energy and Resources Institute (TERI). The institute's main goals were to

address issues with energy, the environment, and future development

patterns in 1974; to establish National Hydro Electric Power Corporation in

1975; and to establish the National Institute of Ecology in order to improve

the environment and conservation through research and education.

Phase II (2001 – 2003): Formation of major policy making and

supporting organizations (Bhatnagar 1999, IGBC 2007, TERI 2007):

The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC), the Bureau of Energy Efficiency

(BEE), and TERI, the Business Council for Sustainable Development (BCSD),

were established during this time. These organizations are in charge of

quickening the adoption of national green construction standards (Bhatnagar

1999). In addition, CII-Green Business Center receives its first-ever platinum

rating designation from USGBC under the LEED®-NC v. 2.2 (IGBC 2007)

framework during this phase. The chronology of the activities that took place

at this stage is as follows: The first Indian Green Building Council was

established. This council's membership included representatives from the

government, business world, architecture, product producers, institutions,

etc. (2001); the UN-initiated Three Country Energy Efficiency Project.

Phase III (2004 – 2007): Launch of LEED- India and TERI – GRIHA

(IGBC 2007, TERI 2007): During this era, the Indian community was

introduced to two green building guidelines: TERI-GRIHA in 2005 and LEED-

India in 2007. The international pressure on the Indian government to

address sustainability in the country is another reason for the green

construction rules' quick advancements. society and the corporate sectors'

quick adoption of LEEDTM-NC in India. During this phase, the first-ever Indian

GreenBuild Conference was organized in 2005 with the goals of raising

awareness, uniting stakeholders, and offering a forum for the exchange of

best practices and expertise in the field of green building. The timeline of the

events that have occurred during this phase is as follows: (1) At its fourth

GreenBuild conference in Georgia, USGBC inked a LEED⃒ licensing deal with

India.