Computer Engineering

“MICRO PROJECT”

“Name of microproject: 1] Compare two strings without

Using string instructions
2] Divide Two unsigned Numbers"

Submitted from the

“DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING”

MSBTE, PUNE

Department of Computer Engineering

Abhaysinhraje Bhonsle Institute of Technology
(Polytechnic), Shendre, Satara.

Academic Year – 2022-2023

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Vidyavardhini Charitable trust

Abhaysinhraje Bhonsle Institute of Technology
Shahunagar -Shendre, Satara.

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that:

Name and roll no’s of group members:

1.Roll No:53 – Om Avinash Thorat

2.Roll No:54 - Yash Subhash Vanjari
3.Roll No:55- Sahil Ramesh Waghmare
4.Roll No:56- Omkar Pramod Yadav

Mrs. Nikam R.A Mrs. Nikam R.A Mr. Dhumal S.U

GUIDE H.O.D. PRINCIPAL

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr. Index Page No.

No.
1. Abstract

2. Action plan

3. Introduction

4. Project Objective

5. Algorithm

6. Flowchart

7. Program

8. Output

9 Implementation of microproject

10. Conclusion

11. Reference

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ABSTRACT

The microproject focused on the programs in microprocessor, which are a set of

instructions that are executed by the microprocessor to perform specific tasks. The
purpose of the microproject was to understand the basic concepts of programming
a microprocessor and to write simple programs using assembly language. The
project involved studying the architecture of a microprocessor, learning the
instruction set, and writing programs to perform tasks such as addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division. The programs were written using assembly language,
which is a low-level programming language that is directly understood by the
microprocessor. The microproject helped in developing an understanding of the
fundamental principles of programming a microprocessor and laid the foundation
for more advanced projects in the future.

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ACTION PLAN

Sr. Details of Activity Start Finish Responsible

No. Date Date Team Member

1. Selected the topic for Micro

project
2. Organized things required
for Micro project
3. Browsed for information of
raw data
4. Attended extra lecture for
project
5. Prepared notes accordingly

6. Created Word document

with our teacher’s help
7. Made required corrections
after discussion
8. Also created a PDF
document to make a hard
copy of the report

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INTRODUCTION

A microproject for a program in a microprocessor involves designing and

implementing a small-scale project using a microprocessor. A microprocessor is a
small computer chip that contains a central processing unit (CPU), memory, and
input/output interfaces. Microprocessors are used in a wide range of electronic
devices, including smartphones, smartwatches, and even some household
appliances.

A microproject in a microprocessor typically involves writing a program that runs

on the microprocessor and performs a specific task. This may involve interfacing
with other hardware components, such as sensors or motors, to collect data or
control outputs. Microprojects can range from simple tasks like flashing an LED to
more complex tasks like controlling a robot or building an electronic game.

In order to complete a microproject, you will need to have a basic understanding of

programming and electronics. You will also need access to a microprocessor
development board, which typically includes a microprocessor chip, memory, and
input/output interfaces. Once you have designed and implemented your
microproject, you can test it and refine it until it meets your desired specifications.
A microproject can be a great way to learn about microprocessors and gain hands-
on experience in programming them. It typically involves selecting a specific
microprocessor, designing a program that can run on it, and then implementing that
program using the appropriate tools and software.

The specific details of a microproject will depend on the microprocessor being

used and the goals of the project. Some microprojects may involve designing a
simple game, while others may focus on controlling an electronic device or
performing calculations.

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Regardless of the specific focus of the project, a microproject in programming a

microprocessor is a great way to gain valuable skills and experience in the field of
embedded systems and microcontroller programming.

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PROJECT OBJECTIVE

The objective of a microproject involving programs in a microprocessor can vary

depending on the specific project and its goals. However, some possible objectives
could be:

1] Develop a better understanding of microprocessor programming concepts and

techniques.
2] Learn how to write efficient and optimized code for a microprocessor.
3] Create a functional program that performs a specific task or solves a particular
problem.
4] Gain experience with a particular microprocessor architecture or instruction set.
5] Develop skills in debugging and troubleshooting programs for a microprocessor.
6] Experiment with different programming languages or development
environments for microprocessors.
7] Test and validate the performance of the program using real-world scenarios or
benchmarks.
8] Optimize the program for size, speed, or power consumption, depending on the
application.
9] Collaborate with others on a team project to design and implement a
microprocessor-based system.
10] Present the project and findings to a technical audience and receive feedback
for further improvement.

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ALGORITHM –

1] Algorithm of compare two strings without using string Instruction :

STEP 1 : Initialize data segment

STEP 2 : Find the length of source string

STEP 3 : Find the length of destination string

STEP 4 : Compare length of both strings

STEP 5 : If Length of both strings are not same then go to step 10

STEP 6 : Compare string character by character

STEP 7 : If characters of both the strings are not same then go to step 10

STEP 8 : Display the message ‘Strings are same’

STEP 9 : Stop

STEP 10 : Display message ‘String are not same ’

STEP 11 : Stop

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2] Algorithm of Divided Two Given Unsigned Numbers:

STEP 1 : Initialize Data Segment

STEP 2 : Load First Number

STEP 3 : Divide first number by second number

STEP 4 : Store quotient and remainder

STEP 5 : Stop

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FLOW CHART -

1] Flowchart of comparing two strings without using string Instruction :

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2] Flowchart of Dividing Two Given Unsigned Numbers:

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PROGRAM -

1] Write an ALP to compare two strings without using string

Instruction:

Program:

.model small

.data

Str_s db 'COMPUTERS'
Str_d db 'computer$'
count_s db 0
count_d db 0
msgl db 'Strings are Same$’
msg2 db 'Strings are Not Same$'

.code

mov ax,@data ; Initialize data segment

mov ds,ax
;-------Count length of the sources string------------
mov si,offset str_s:Initialize memory pointer for
; source string
next: mov al,[si] ; read character from the source
; string
cmp al,'$ ; compare with $
je exit ; if equal then go to exit to read
; destination string

inc si ; else increment memory pointer

inc count_s; increment counter to count

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: length of string

jmp next ; jump to read next character

exit:

;--------Count length of the Destination string-------------

mov si,offset str_d; Initialize memory ptr for

; destination string
nextl: mov al,[si];read character from the
; destination string
Cmp al,’$’; compare with $
je exit 1 ;if equal then go to exit to
; compare
inc si: length of both strings ;else increment memory pointer
inc count_d; increment counter to count
: length of string
jmp nextl;jump to read next character

exitl:
----------- Compare length of both the string----------

mov al,count_s
cmp al,count d
jne exit2; If length of both strings are not ;same then to exit2 else compare
; go strings byte by byte
mov si,offset str_s ;Initialize memory pointer for ;source string
mov di,offset str_d ;Initialize memory pointer for
;destination;string
up: mov al.[si]: read character from source string
emp al.[di]; compare it with character of
;destination string
jne exit2 ; if character are not equal then
: go to exit2
inc si; else increment source memory
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; pointer

inc di; increment destination memory

; pointer

dec count_s; decrement byte counter

jnz up ; if byte counter 0 then go to
; up for next characters
; comparison
mov ah,09 h ; Display string are same message
lea dx,msg1
int 21h
jmp exit 3
exit2:
mov ah,09h; Display string are not same message
lea dx,msg2
exit3:

mov ah,4ch; Terminate program And exit to DOS

int 21h
ends
end

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2] Write an ALP to divide two given unsigned numbers.

.model small
.data
Dividend dw 0123h
Divisor db 12h
quo db 0
rem db 0
.code
Mov ax,@data ; Initialize data segment
Mov ds,ax
Mov ax,dividend ; Divide word bit by byte
div divisor
mov quo,al ;Store Quotient
mov rem,ah ; Store Remainder
ends
end

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IMPLEMENTATION OF “Project Topic Name”

To implement a program in a microprocessor, you'll need to follow these steps:

1] Choose a microprocessor: The first step is to choose a microprocessor that meets

your requirements. Some popular microprocessors are the Intel 8086, 8051, AVR,
ARM, and PIC. The choice of microprocessor will depend on the complexity of the
program, the number of input/output devices, and the amount of memory required.

2] Write the program code: Once you have chosen a microprocessor, you'll need to
write the program code. The program code can be written in assembly language, C,
or any other high-level programming language. Assembly language is the most
common language used for programming microprocessors because it allows the
programmer to have complete control over the microprocessor's registers and
memory.

3] Assemble the code: After writing the program code, you'll need to assemble it
into machine language. Assembling involves converting the program code into
machine language using an assembler. The assembler will generate a machine code
file that can be loaded into the microprocessor's memory.

4] Load the program code: The next step is to load the program code into the
microprocessor's memory. This can be done using a programmer or a bootloader.
A programmer is a hardware device that connects to the microprocessor and loads
the machine code file into its memory. A bootloader is a small program that resides
in the microprocessor's memory and is used to load the program code from a
storage device such as an SD card or USB flash drive.

5] Test the program: Once the program code is loaded into the microprocessor's
memory, you can test it by running the program. This involves providing input data
to the microprocessor and observing the output. You can use a debugger or
simulator to debug the program and fix any errors.

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6] Deploy the program: After testing and debugging the program, you can deploy it
to the target device. This involves integrating the microprocessor with the other
hardware components and ensuring that the program runs correctly.

Overall, implementing a program in a microprocessor requires a good

understanding of the microprocessor's architecture and programming languages.
With the right tools and knowledge, you can create powerful programs that can
control a wide range of devices and applications.

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CONCLUSION

Through this project, you likely gained a deeper understanding of the

microprocessor architecture, programming concepts, and how to optimize code to
work within the limitations of the microprocessor's resources. Additionally, you
likely developed problem-solving skills as you encountered and worked to
overcome various technical challenges.

Overall, completing a microproject in programing a microprocessor can be a

valuable learning experience that can help you to build your technical skills and
gain experience in embedded systems programming.

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REFERENCE

Website Name:
1] https://www.sanfoundry.com/best-reference- books
microprocessors/

2]https://www.tutorialspoint.com/microprocessor/microprocess
or_8086_overview.htm

3] https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/architecture-of-8086/

Reference Books Name:

 Microprocessor
 Advanced Microprocessor and Computer
 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
 Advanced Microprocessor and Microcontroller

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