UTS Unit 2 Edipus Complex (Male) – the boy has innate

attraction to the mother and wants to own the

UNPACKING THE SELF
mom so he competes with the father
PHYSICAL SELF (biological self) - The self as
Transgender
impacted by the body
Cisgender
▪is the concrete dimension, the tangible
aspect of the person that can be Gender normative
directly observed and examined.
Gender non-normative
“Physical Self/Body is an initial source of
4. Latent Stage (5 years – puberty) – Libido
sensation and necessary for the origin
Inactive/no erogenous zone because
and maintenance of personality”
the focus is on playing. People can be
–William James
fixated
Focus: Endocrine and Nervous System 5. Genital Stage (puberty) – Maturing
Sexual Interests/Sexual relations. You
Psychosexual Theory of Development
create your identity based on
(Sigmund Freud) – he used the terms
interactions with others.
“sex” and “libido” to pertain to the
energy that we use to move on from Psychosocial Theory of Development (Erik
one psychosexual stage to the other Erikson)

▪In the Psychoanalytical school, Sigmund ▪The role of bodily organs is especially
Freud’s construction of self and important in early developmental stages of a
personality makes the physical body the persons life.
core of human experience.
▪Later in life, the development of physical as
Erogenous Zone – part of the physical body well as intellectual skills help determine
that experiences pleasure whether the individual will achieve a sense of
competence and ability to choose demanding
Psychosexual Stages of Personality
roles in a complex society.
Development

1. Oral Stage (Birth-1.5 years) – Mouth.

Whatever milestone you achieved in
this stage will be your personality when
you grow old. You experience fixation
because of undergratification or
overgratification.
2. Anal Stage (1.5-3 years)- Anus/Bowel
and Bladder Control. Toilet training –
organization/cleanliness will be
developed in this stage. Anal Character:
Orderliness, Obsessiveness, Somatic Society (Bryan Turner)
Rigidity/Obstinancy
▪The sociology of the body become an
Retentive - a person who pays such attention to established discipline in the 1990’s.
detail that it becomes an obsession and may be
▪Bryan Turner, coined the term “somatic
an annoyance to others
society” which means the new found
Expulsive - state of a person who exhibits importance of the body in contemporary
cruelty, emotional outbursts, disorganization, society. The somatic society establishes a
self-confidence, artistic ability, generosity standard for beauty.

3. Phallic Stage (4-5 years) – Genitals The obsession to have a beautiful face & body
(self). Crucial years of development
The demand for Cosmetic Surgery and Skin
because of gender-identity.
Whiteners
Identification with parents. Vanity,
Exhibitionism, Pride Body Shaming
Electrocomplex (Female) ▪Criticizing your own appearance, through a
judgment or comparison to another person.
▪Criticizing another’s appearance in front of Erogenous Zones
them
• where the libido is centered (according to
▪Criticizing another’s appearance without their Freud). parts of the body that experience
knowledge. heightened sensitivity and/or signal sexual
arousal of some kind. Needs stimulation by
Physical Self Issues and Conflicts
engaging the person in gratifying activities
Eating Disorders (DSM-5)

▪Anorexia Nervosa

- characterized by loss of body weight

and refusal to eat. Appetite is usually
intact.

▪Bulimia Nervosa

- characterized by recurrent and frequent

binge eating with or without vomiting.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (DSM-5)

- characterized by a distressing and

impairing preoccupation with an
imagined or slight defect in appearance.

Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder... The Sexual Response Cycle - model that
We are NOT our bodies. We live in our bodies, describes the physiological responses, that
but our bodies do not make up WHO we are. occur during sexual activity.

SEXUAL SELF - Understanding one’s identity and

sexuality

Biological Perspective of One’s Sex

▪At conception, egg and sperm unite to create a

new organism that incorporates some
characteristics of each parent.

▪The first 22 pairs are called AUTOSOMES. The

last pair is known as the SEX CHROMOSOMES.

▪Genetic basis for Sex Determination:

▪ X Chromosome▪ Y Chromosome Sex – biological sex at birth Gender – gender

Secondary Sex Characteristics preference

Gender Expression – how you manifest your

Gender Attraction –

Love, Lust, Attraction

Love – pag-ibig, there are conditions where you

are willing to adjust Lust – tawag ng katawan,
 Sex vs. Gender

Sex

• Sex (sometimes called biological sex,

anatomical sex, or physical sex)

• A person’s identity based on their physical

characteristics, genes and hormones.

• Male: Penis Female: Vagina Intersex:

chromosomes and hormones of female/male
but external genital is like that of a male/female
Chemistry of Lust, Attraction, and Attachment
• Also refers to sexual acts, as in ‘having sex’
Lust – Testosterone, Estrogen. Orgasm. Is
• Primary and Secondary Sex characteristics
fleeting
Gender
Attraction – Dopamine, Norepinephrine,
Serotonin. Pleasure/Kilig. Is fleeting • Gender is the structure of social relations that
centers on the reproductive arena, and the set
Attachment – Oxytocin, Vasopressin. Feelings of
of practices that bring reproductive distinctions
pacified and satisfaction
into social processes.
• Lust and attraction shut off the prefrontal
• A term that refers to social or cultural
cortex of the brain, which includes rational
distinctions associated with a given sex; it is
behavior.
generally considered to be a socially
• The hypothalamus regulates the function of constructed concept.
the pituitary gland to secrete hormones.
• Gender underlies assumptions regarding
• The hypothalamus of the brain plays a big role ‘Masculine’ or ‘Feminine’ behavior
in stimulating the production of the sex
• Refers to the attitudes, feelings and behaviors
hormones testosterone and estrogen from the
that a given culture associates with a person’s
testes and ovaries
biological sex.
• Attraction involves the brain pathways that
• Behavior that is compatible with cultural
control “reward” behavior, which partly
expectations is referred to as gender -
explains why the first few weeks or months of a
normative;
relationship can be so exhilarating and even all-
consuming. • Behaviors that are viewed as incompatible
with these expectations constitute gender non -
• High levels of dopamine and norepinephrine,
conformity (APA, 2012).
are released during attraction. These chemicals
make us giddy, energetic, and euphoric, even Sexual Diversity
leading to decreased appetite and insomnia.
▪Sex and gender are often thought of as binary
categories; that is, we can be either male or
• Attachment is the predominant factor in long- female, or feminine or masculine. However, this
term relationships. While lust and attraction are is a FALSE assumption.
pretty much exclusive to romantic
entanglements, attachment mediates ▪Although sex can be quantified by DNA and
friendships, parent-infant bonding, social genetic testing, sometimes the results are
cordiality, and many other intimacies as well. difficult to make sense of with regard to their
social implications.
• Primary hormones: oxytocin and vasopressin
- GENDER IDENTITY: Who you think you
• Oxytocin (cuddle hormone) is produced by the are
hypothalamus and released in large quantities
during sex, breastfeeding, and childbirth. ▪One's innermost concept of self as male,
female, a blend of both or neither – how
Causes of attraction individuals perceive themselves and what they
call themselves which can be the same or
 Proximity
different from their sex assigned at birth.
 Similarities

Emotions must be regulated not controlled

▪ Gender identity, in nearly all instances, is self- • Sympathy
identified, as a result of a combination of
• Social status
inherent and extrinsic or environmental factors.
• Emotions
▪CISGENDER – A person whose gender identity
matches his or her assigned sex Materialism
▪TRANSGENDER – A person whose lived • The importance a consumer attaches to
experiences do not match their assigned sex worldly possessions.
▪Transwoman - person whose assigned sex is • The extent to which consumption becomes
male and identifies as a woman the primary source of satisfaction, as well as the
dominant mode of motivation.
▪Transman - person whose assigned sex is
female and identifies as a man Symbolic Communication Model: Possessions as
Symbolic Expressions of Identity
- GENDER EXPRESSION: How you
demonstrate who you are • There’s an observation that one’s possessions
are considered a part of oneself. They are
Refers to the ways that humans choose to
symbols and extensions of the personal and
display theirgender identity to the world usually
social aspects of her identity/personhood.
expressedthrough:
Possession helps people define themselves.
• behavior, clothing, haircut or voice and which
• Possessions can enhance one’s image and
may/may not conform to socially defined
develop a positive sense of self.
behaviors and characteristics typically
associated with being either masculine or • It can be a reassurance that one is the person
feminine. one’s wishes to be.
- SEXUAL ORIENTATION/ATTRACTION: •Goods and possessions are used to fill in or to
Who you are romantically and sexually compensate for the person lacks.
into
Conspicuous Consumption - Consumers own
Sexual orientation is all about who you are high-priced, status-oriented goods to impress
physically, spiritually, and emotionally attracted others and to convince them of their high social
to (specifically into sexual and romantic status.
attraction), and the labels tend to describe the
relationships between your gender and the Loss of Possessions
gender types you’re attracted to. Acquisition of material possessions ->
The Church and Sexuality Possessions become symbolic expression of
self-identity -> Loss of possessions -> Loss of
Sexual Intercourse - the two primary purposes important aspect of self -> Negative reactions
of sexual intercourse are: “UNITIVE” (unite the
couple) and “PROCREATIVE” (create more Possessions as Unstable Meanings
people). • Meaning is in a constant state of flux.
Material/Economic Self - The Self in association • Cultural categories of person that help shape
to his/her possessions identity are subject to constant manipulation by
Material Self refers to tangible objects, people, individuals, social groups, and marketing agents.
or places that carry the designation my or mine. • Meanings of objects that are used to make
 Bodily Self refers to any partof our visible and stabilize the categories of culture are
body. also subject to frequent change through their
appropriation in advertising, in television
 Extended Self refers to anything that is
programming, and among social subgroups.
beyond our body (Psychological
ownership)

Functions of Possessions

Possessions can go beyond their functional

value.

• Influence

• Power
Micro Unit 2  Increase in disposable income
 Changing fashions and trends
Attraction Sector
 Increase in leisure time
3 Elements of Tourism Attraction  Improvement mobility

1. Tourist – a consumer with certain Types of Organized Recreation:

needs, searching for experience.
1. Voluntary Nonprofit Organizations –
2. Sight/Nucleus – the visitor attraction.
non-governmental, non-profit agencies,
Any feature of a destination they might
both sectarian and non-sectarian which
visit.
serve the public at large with
3. Marker – forms of information about
multiservice programs that often
the attraction, that stimulates decision-
include a substantial element of
making & motivation to visit. Ex.
recreational opportunity. The most
Advertisement, news, flyers, etc.
popular voluntary orgs include Boy
Kinds of Attractions Scouts, Girl Scouts, YMCA, YWCA, and
YM-YWHA.
1. Natural – landscape, seascape, parks,
2. Private Membership Organizations –
mountains, flora, fauna, islands,
provide recreational and social activities
seasons like fall, winter
for their own members and in some
2. Historical – historical sites/events &
cases assist community recreation
archeological sites
needs. Examples: golf, tennis, yacht,
3. Cultural – Can be material or non-
athletic and country clubs.
material. Architecture, Monuments,
3. Commercial Recreation Enterprises –
Museums, Concerts, Theater & Cuisine
privately owned businesses which
4. Events – Mega events, Community
operate make a profit such as ski
events , Festivals, Religious events,
centers, bowling alleys, nightclubs,
Sports events, Trade events, Corporate
moviehouses, theaters, health spas,
5. Recreation or Special Interest- Golf,
4. Employee Recreation Programs – they
Swimming, Tennis, Hiking, Biking, Snow
serve those who work for companies or
Sports, Sight-seeing, Mountaineering,
employers by providing recreation as a
Spelunking, Bird watching, Whale
part of a total personnel benefits
watching, Scuba diving.
package, linked to other services
6. Entertainment Attraction –
concerned with employee health and
Factors that contribute fitness.
5. Armed Forces Recreation – Although it
 Significance is obviously a form of government-
 Distinctiveness sponsored activity, it is unique in its
 Seasonality setting and purpose. Each of the major
 Strategic Planning – standards, safety & branches of the armed forces operate
security an extensive network of recreation
 Sustainability facilities and programs.
Outdoor & Recreation Sector 6. Campus Recreation – Includes
intramural athletics or sports clubs,
Recreation – activity of leisure, leisure being social activities, travel programs,
discretionary time. The “need to do something performing arts groups, entertainment
for recreation” is as essential element of human lounges, film series and other forms of
biology and psychology. It is an integral part of recreation on college and university
our nation’s total social, economic, and natural campuses.
resource environment. It is a basic component 7. Therapeutic Recreation Services –
of our lives and well-being. Includes any type of program designed
to meet the needs of persons with
Leisure
physical or mental disabilities,
 Leisure or free time, is time spent away individuals with poor health, dependent
from business, work, and domestic aging persons, social deviant persons in
chores. It is also periods of time correctional facilities and similar special
groups.
Factors affecting the growth of Recreation:
Types of Recreation Attractions:
 Technological developments
 Demographic changes
 1. Theme Parks – also known as Reasons for Visiting Casino
Amusement Parks. A group of
1. To gamble.
entertainment attractions and rides and
2. To eat and drink.
other events in a location for the
3. Entertainment
enjoyment of large numbers of people.
4. To socialize
An amusement park is more elaborate
5. Relaxation
than a simple city park or playground,
6. Boredom
usually
7. Recommendations
2. Water Parks – features water play
8. Curiosity on how to play the games
areas, such as water slides, splash pads,
spray grounds (water playgrounds), lazy The Philippine Amusement & Gaming
rivers, or other recreational bathing, Cooperation (PAGCOR)
swimming, and bare footing
environments. Casino Filipino – one of the top earning
3. Fun Centers – also, family fun centers is corporations in the Philippines and the second
a small amusement park marketed biggest income-generating arm of the Philippine
towards families with small children to government, next only to the Bureau of Internal
teenagers, and often Revenue. Worldwide, Casino Filipino
4. Sports Tourism – a specific travel Events Sector
outside of the usual environment for
either passive or active involvement in Events are an important motivator of tourism,
competitive sport where sport is the and figure prominently in the development and
prime motivational reason for travel marketing
and the tourists or leisure element may  Mega Events – those events that are so
act to reinforce the overall experience. large that they affect whole economies
Gaming & Entertainment Sector and reverberate in the global media.
These are generally targeted at
Gaming Entertainment – it also refers to the international markets. Ex. Olympic
casino gaming business and all its aspects- hotel games
operations, entertainment offerings, retail  Hallmark events – refers to those
shopping, recreational activities and other types  Major events – events that are capable,
of operation in addition to betting on the by their scale and media interest, of
gaming floor. attracting significant visitor numbers,
Poker – a card game media coverage, and economic
benefits. These events attract significant
Craps – played on a rectangular table covered local interest and large numbers of
with green felt participants, as well as generating
Black jack – card game played between the significant tourism revenue.
house and the player.  Minor events – most events fall into this
last category and it is here that most
Slot machine – slots are machines that play a event managers gain their experience
number of different games.  Local events
Roulette – considered as the simplest game of Types of Events
them all. Roulette is named after the French
word  Sports Entertainment
 Arts and Cultural festivals
Pai gow poker – played against the house  Commercials
Keno – is a lottery game. The player gets a card  Marketing and promotional events
numbered 1 to 80.  Meetings, conventions, and exhibitions:
MICE
Wheel of fortune – played by placing your bet  Family events
on one of 6 symbols on the game table. Then  Fundraising
the wheel is spun. The wheel is divided into 52  Miscellaneous
equal sections
The Event Team
Baccarat – was named after an Italian word
The Structure of the event industry
Bingo – game in which players try to match
randomly selected numbers on their card
Event organization – events are often stage or
hosted by events organizations, which may be
event-specific bodies.

Event management companies – professional

Venues – venues management often includes

an event management component

Industry Association -

External regulatory bodies -

Event Management Body of Knowledge Domain

Structure

 Financial management
 Human Resources management
 Information management


Event