3.1 Compute Services Compute services provide dynamically scalable compute capacity in the cloud. Compyy, resources can be provisioned on-demand in the form of virtual machines. Virtual machin, can be created from standard images provided by the cloud service provider (€.g. Ubupi image, Windows server image, etc.) or custom images created by the users. A machine image is a template that contains a software configuration (operating system, application server, ang applications). Compute services can be accessed from the web consoles of these services that provide graphical user interfaces for provisioning, managing and monitoring these service, Cloud service providers also provide APIs for various programming languages (such as Jays, Python, etc. ) that allow developers to access and manage these services programmatically, Features © Scalable: Compute services allow rapidly provisioning as many virtual machine instances as required. The provisioned capacity can be scaled-up or down based on the Bahga & Madisetti, © 2014Applications {sans apps Management Portas Customer Portas ete) ‘Virtual machines Virtualization Layer Hardware Layer Compute Rework orage (cou.nansete) | |iswnenes routers ete | (san nas. nes. ere) | Infrastructure/Facilities 1 {02 centre, mechanial & Elect HVAC, Power) (©) Cloud services Security Authentication ‘Authoniation ata ‘security Figure 3.1: Cloud Computing reference model & services Cloud Computing - A Hands-On ApproachCloud Services & Play, s or q Workload levels. Atto-scaling policies can be defined fe triggered when the monitored metrics (such as CPU usags above pre-defined thresholds, # Flexible: Compute services give a wide ran I multiple instance types, operating systems ronesfregions, C1. # Secure: Compute services provide various security Features that control the acegs, the virtual machine instances such us sccurity Zroups, wecess CONT! ists, Netwoyy 60 Walls, ete, Users ean securely concet (0 the instances with SSH using authemtigag® mechanisms such as OAuth or security certificates and keypairs j ion © Cost effective: Cloud offer various billing options such g demand instances which ave billed per-hour, reserved instances which ate reser after one-time initial payment s for which users can place bids, et¢, eS thy memory usage, a ate ) ky 8 Wig, xc of options for virtual maching, Ss On. , spot instances 3.1.1 Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud : «compute service provided by Amazon. Figure 3 Shows a sereenshot of the Amazon EC2 console. To launch a new instance click on the launey, jnstanee button, This will open a wizard where you can select the Amazon machine image (AMD with which you want to launch the instance, You can also create their own AMy, with custom applications, libraries and data, Instances can be Jaunched with a variety of operating systems. When you launch an instance you specify the instance type (micro, sma}, cerium, large, extra-large, etc.), the number of instances to launch based on the selecteg ‘AMI and availability zones for the instances. The instance launch wizard also allows you to specify the meta-data tags for the instance that simplify the administration of EC2 instances, When launching a new instance, the user selects a key-pair from existing keypairs or creates anew keypair for the instance. Keypairs are used to securely connect to an instance after aunches. The security groups to be associated with the instance can be selected from the instance launch wizard, Security groups are used to open or block a specific network port for the launched instances. When the instance is launched its status can be viewed in the EC2 console. Upon launching a new instance, its state is pending. It takes a couple of minutes for the instance to come into the running state. When the instance comes into the running state, itis assigned a public DNS, private DNS, public IP and private IP. The public DNS can be used to securely connect to the instance using SSH. ‘Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) i 3.1.2 Google Compute Engine Google Compute Engine is a compute service provided by Google. Figure 3.3 shows a screenshot of the Google Compute Engine (GCE) console. GCE console allows users to create and manage compute instances. To create a new instance, the user selects an instance machine type, a zone in which the instance will be launched, a machine image for the instance and provides an instance name, instance tags and meta-data. Every instance is launched with a disk resource. Depending on the instance type, the disk resource can be a scratch disk space or persistent disk space. The scratch disk space is deleted when the instance terminates. ‘Whereas, persistent disks live beyond the life of an instance. Network option allows you to control the traffic to and from the instances. By default, traffic between instances in the same network, over any port and any protocol and incoming SSH connections from anywhere ae Bahga & Madisetti, © 2014oe ee neg Ante © econ Atemten i ‘ets eoriatin (Create tyetance Tena Anetta yout tanta tmnasandninntey Mane [sven nines) Popular Ais.on AWS : Marketplace © Schodlad Eventa e ayn: Figure 3.2: Screenshot of Amazon EC2 console enabled. To enable other connections, additional firewall rules can be added, 3.1.3 Windows Azure Virtual Machines Windows Azure Virtual Machines is the compute service from Microsoft. Figure 3.4 shows a screenshot of Windows Azure Virtual Machines console. To create a new instance, the instance type and the machine image. You can either provide a user name and or upload a certificate file for securely connecting ‘VM are persistently stored and new VMs can be o images. you select password to the instance. Any changes made to the reated from the previously stored machine 3.2 Storage Services Cloud storage services allow storage and retrieval of any amount of data, anywhere on the web. Most cloud storage services organize data into buc Buckets or containers store objects which are individual pieces of data. at any time from ‘Kets or containers. Features * Scalability: Cloud storage services provide high capacity and scalability. Objects upto several tera-bytes in size can be uploaded and multiple buckéts/containers can be created on cloud storages: a * Replication: When an object is uploaded it is replicated at multiple facilities and/or ‘on multiple devices within each facility. t * Access Policies: Cloud storage services provide several security features such as Access Control Lists (ACLs), bueket/container level policies, etc. ACLs can be used to selectively grant access permissions on individual objects. Bucket/container level Cloud Computing - A Hands-On ApproachCloud Services & Plattorny Google Cloud console Cloud Compute Engine EX Groata a new Instance watenees im fone et summary Uinme © mminatanee myleatance bland maerysra01seras we-centatt 4vepu,3.76 00 RAM Location and Resources Macnine Type © ect ource © mage © deblan:7neery20130723 : Networking Figure 3.3: Screenshot of Google Compute Engine console policies can also be defined to allow or deny permissions across some or all of the objects within a single bucket/container. Encryption: Cloud storage services provide Server Side Encryption (SSE) options to encrypt all data stored in the cloud storage. © Consistency: Strong data consistency is provided for all upload and delete operations. ‘Therefore, any object that is uploaded can be immediately downloaded after the upload is complete. 3.2.1 Amazon Simple Storage Service Amazon Simple Storage Service(S3) is an online cloud-based data storage infrastructure for storing and retrieving any amount of data. $3 provides highly reliable, scalable, fast, fully redundant and affordable storage infrastructure. Figure 3.5 shows a screenshot of the Amazon S3 console. Data stored on S3 is organized in the form of buckets. You must create a bucket before you can store data on $3. S3 console provides simple wizards for creating 4 new bucket and uploading files. You can upload any kind of file to S3, While uploading 2 Bahga & Macisettl, © 20149 a ie aaa myinstanee, © crmecmet O ememvonniate O enevanteneate somre muta oto 9 a) se Sc ie atime OF A ‘usb mtconigund a eng mninng anager gt i corinne erent © = ~ oe usage overview Seen Figure 3.5: Screenshot of Amazon S3 console file, you can specify the redundancy and encryption options and access permissions. 3.2.2 Google Cloud Storage Figure 3.6 shows a screenshot of the Google Cloud Storage (GCS) console. Objects in GCS are organized into buckets. ACLs are used to control access to objects and buckets. ACLs can be configured to share objects and buckets with the entire world, a Google group, a Google-hosted domain, or specific Google account holders. ‘Cloud Computing - A Hands-On Approach70 Cloud Services & Plato, Is Google Cloud Console equmalicom | Customer spor | BIan oy Cloud Cloud Storage ore Projet Ds dowd ivr by pret. Uptord | New relane Wome relouduehet 7 nate eae Wee Laer UPLOADED sianco PusueLy ‘Aug 10,2013 247:40 PM <2 Sd Aepticatonsm! = 700K textiuml ‘Aug 10, 2013 2:47:53 PM 1) Gi Sermenshotpng 222.960 Imago‘ono wa £0 ‘aug 16:201924742PM 1 Deoste 0ka ——_applleation/vnd.ms-excet CI eaanntm 12.62K0 twiahint Aug 16,201924744PM | T ‘Aug 16:2019 24740 PM CI 3 BD ingexnim Tooke —teximim : Figure 3.6: Screenshot of Google Cloud Storage console 3.2.3 Windows Azure Storage : Windows Azure Storage is the cloud storage service from Microsoft. Figure 3.7 shows 4 screenshot of the Windows Azure Storage console. Windows Azure Storage provides various storage services such as blob storage service, table service and queue service. The blob storage service allows storing unstructured binary data or binary large objects (blobs). Blobs are organized into containers. Two kinds of blobs can be stored - block blobs and page blobs. A block blob can-be subdivided into some number of blocks. If a failure occurs while transferring a block blob, retransmission can resume with the most recent block rather than sending the entire blob again. Page blobs are divided into number of pages and are designed for random access. Applications can read and write individual pages at random in a page blob. 3.3 Database Services Cloud database services allow you to set-up and operate relational or non-relational databases in the cloud. The benefit of using cloud database services is that it relieves the application developers from the time consuming database administration tasks. Popular relational databases provided by various cloud service providers include MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, etc. The non-relational (No-SQL) databases provided by cloud service providers are mostly Proprietary solutions. No-SQL databases are usually fully-managed and deliver seamless throughput and scalability. The characteristics of relational and non-relational databases are described in Chapter 5. Features © Scalability: Cloud database services allow provisioning as much compute and storage resources as required to meet the application workload levels: Provisioned capacity. Bahga & Madisetti, © 20147 portalvhdsdwivildg2x7kb7 trata 4 anime 4 ‘Monitoring chart Unavalabe, Enaba monitoring inthe eaniguta pis services quick glance war” Wiisasrana Figure 3.7: Screenshot of Windows Azure Storage console can be scaled-up or down. For read-heavy workloads, read-replicas can be created. © Reliability: Cloud database services are reliable and provide automated backup and. snapshot options. Ze © Performance: Cloud database services provide guaranteed performance with options ‘such as guaranteed input/output operations per second (IOPS) which can be provisioned upfront. Security: Cloud database services provide several security features to restrict the access to the database instances and stored data, such as network firewalls and authen- tication mechanisms. 3.3.1 Amazon Relational Data Store. Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) is a web service that makes it easy to setup, operate and scale a relational database in the cloud. Figure 3.8 shows a screenshot of the Amazon RDS console.. The console provides an instance launch wizard that allows you to select the type of database to create (MySQL, Oracle or SQL Server) database instance size, allocated storage, DB instance identifier, DB username and password. ‘The status of the launched DB instances can be viewed from the console. It takes several minutes for Cloud Computing - A Hands-On ApproachCloud Services & Platforn, Sn Hes oe ae. Sa a 72 iano ms a inatancellé ble, you can note the i able, Onee the instance is av: ible, ¥ the instane, properties tab. ‘This end point enn then be Used For segue v the instance to become ave end point from the instance connee! stance morse yur feedback [Rososenboot Fey Additional Information — Resources es an a tr uns Yotausytn etbg amnion RD ravares hie wnt = me ses) cee ane apne ‘cow ©) rene ro Decoaion canes Se ca Deca eee Sporn foment a en ‘Dato kmport gute for Oracte can Data knport quite for SOL Server oo Cfeate instance om enero eat re roan dcctroainateeey eat Tons sooun rane ommors ie eau aac Rehiecnaatieebactrenatore Related Services danny eet ance atom yo oe *Sicciatecompanblty wh amsmrienatact Se carbo te iors = Seca coon Ee EE) eto mammere anlounch your rrr rwimmennneusweittoeon ” Gehetnee Service Health see | mmmmniuuns ona develo) seseuncontipnemat | Figure 3.8: Screenshot of Amazon RDS console 3.3.2 Amazon DynamoDB Amazon DynamoDB is the non-relational (No-SQL) database service from Amazon. Fig- ure 3.9 shows a screenshot of the Amazon DynamoDB console. The DynamoDB data model includes include tables, items and attributes. A table is a collection of items and each item is a collection of attributes. To store data in DynamoDB you have to create a one or more tables and specify how much throughput capacity you want to provision and reserve for reads and writes. DynamoDB is a fully managed service that automatically spreads the data and traffic for the stored tables over a number of servers to meet the throughput requirements specified by the users. All stored data is automatically replicated across multiple availability zones to provide data durability. 3.3.3 Google Cloud SQL Google SQL is the relational database service from Google. Google Cloud SQL service allows you to host MySQL databases in the Google’s cloud. Cloud SQL provides both syn- chronous or asynchronous geographic replication and the ability to import/ export databases. Figure 3.10 shows a screenshot of the Google Cloud SQL console. You can create new database instances from the console and manage existing instances. To create a new instance you select a region, database tier, billing plan and replication mode. You can schedule daily backups for your Google Cloud SQL instances, and also restore backed-up databases. Bahga & Madisetti, © 20143.3 Database Services {esto 6) Figure 3.9: Screenshot of Amazon DynamoDB console Google cloud console {Séracam | Cotes | Saneut elt tous Sat cloudmyabinstance a ET citsteanew cintsat matence seco Se PE OS aetacaans ra pts upton @ fran epatn © ncmen re ee 73 Figure 3.10: Screenshot of Google Cloud SQL console ‘Cloud Computing - A Hands-On Approachloud Services & Platt, ce nafgh, tears 3 3.3.4 Google Cloud Datastore Google Cloud Datastore is a fully manage 1 Data ACID tr ons and high availa model consists of entities. Bach entity has ove, ‘which cant be of one of sévertl aro for calse0it ing the entity For the pupal ntity has a kind and a key. ‘The entity kind is us ee ail cHGW Wace the Google Cloud Datastore console. as ‘arwinen| Soe edb | «f non-relational database from Google, ¢,, bility of reads and writes. ‘The ey as one OF More Properties (key.yaitl strings and integers, pai | Google cloud console | ous ‘oud Datantore ae Pescetsnt) Figure 3.11: Screenshot of Google Cloud Datastore console 3.3.5 Windows Azure SQL Database Windows Azure SQL Database is the relational database service from Microsoft. Azure SQL Database is based on the SQL server, but it does not give each customer a separate instance of SQL server. Instead the SQL Database is a multi-tenant service, with a logical SQL Database server for each customer. Figure 3.12 shows a screenshot of the Windows Azure SQL Database console: 3.3.6 Windows Azure Table Service Windows Azure Table Service is a non-relational (No-SQL) database service from Microsoft. The Azure Table Service data model consists of tables having multiple entities. Tables are divided into some number of partitions, each of which can be stored on a separate machine. Each partition in a table holds a specified number of entities, each containing as many as 255 Properties. Each property can be one of the several supported data types such as integers and strings. Tables do not have a fixed schema and different entities in a table can have different Properties.