5o/41 Matás Chapter : Inverse Triq0nometyic Functions.

1.1 Ain (e)- x

and D [ , )

2.
Cosee (oc)- *

, x to and (-0,-1]v[i,~).

3 cos («)»x
Ro 4T and D4 [-1,
se()=*
R o a <T, x
#I and Dg- (- o,-u[i,)
2

5.
tom (a) =
x

6. Cot (a)= *
o < T md D4 R.

2. Badieemep Bigoromii funelons

. sin n caste n
Cosec n bin n

Cos n
Ces

tom tan n

cora = Cos n
sin 3

1.
Sin n+ cos n
ste'r- tan'x i.

3.
Codtc- cot *x = .

SPpeii
Hpnust
Hypolinuse tomo=pesile

ces = adjacem adjacemn

Hypotenust
adjacent-
Degveeso So46 60 120 135 150 180
Radlans o

|Oeg vees o 30 4-5 60 /80 | 276

27
360
Radians O T 37T
2T
T-vatio
Sn
Table 2

Cos O -

V2

tom

cot

ce 2
a -
i n tve Au he t-Yalis
Co&Lc +ve are +ve Adol Sugay To

Au Sin Tam Ces

tam +e Ces te
(1) (T) (m) ()
Cet+e sle + VC

- - + T- +* - x 2T-2aT*x
-Sinr Cosr ces x Sim a|-Sin * |- cosn|-csSa in n
Ces Cos in - Sin |- cosx-ces| - Sinx in Ce Los
Tan tanx cotx -ctz |-tanr| tanx
tam ctr -ctx tan
co -ta |tom* |-tama-ct| e t |tana-tanx-co cetx

-te *A*|6erlce |-ceseer-seea-sen-ceseer

s*
 (x
co"Y An y
1ces (*y)
3.
c (-y)
el*
<asy t
Ain Ain y.
on
mn y.
in(nty)-sin Coesy
bin n cos y - codn Ain y
n (-y)

fan(ny)-
tan t Tany
- Ton n tany

tam(a-y)a
tana-Tay
+ tan a a n y

cot (n y) cot coty-

+

Co y +Cot x

cot(n-y)= t a co y +L.
coty - cotr
tan Kany ~am2
2.
Kan(ny+) zan x+tmyt tn 2- -tan 2 ran .
tan
Tan 2
Kan y tany 3
-

3. sin(r+ ) sin(a -y)=amia-sin"y

Cos(n+y) ces(n-y)= n * a - siny.

4 2 sinlnry)t sinln-y).
sin a ceiy =

2 cex iny = hinln +y)-sin ( )

2 cesn
Cody
=
cos(x +y)+ m(*-9).

in a biny
=
ts(-y)- cos (a+9).
5 sin 2+ in y = 2 sin aty c 2
2

2
 cda
s i "(-a)- - s i
i n 2a = 2 sin
cos'.
sini C e s ' - r ) =*
-

ces*
-

cos 2
1.
tan' (-)= - tan
2 cos'a
-

cos 2
'(-x) T- cot'a
i-2 sinx
=

Cos 2x cot

Cosec-a) = - cosue
7. in 2a =

s e ( - a ) = T -s e e ' x .

tan' x 5. COsee = Ain

&. n 3a = 3 sina - 4 i n x .
ssea =
cs
cos
tan

- 3 tan co' = T +tan L

9. Sin 18 =
ces 36= 5 t
cs 1 = o 2
s.
tan'-tan'y-tan
4. n (aina)= .
siin (in n) - a.

ces(cos r ) - x.
tom tony= tan
tan (tan a) - tan tan r= x

c o t ( t a ) = *.
eet (cot ) :
see(see ) = x.
tan
"y 7T +

Coste (cesce") = «. Cosee (csee n)=z. 7. sim

* + Cos ' =

Ces
tan'a + ct . ) - tan a

2 t a m ' a.
 tan 3o/6la MaKL Lepter 3: Matrices
M a t r i c e s = Aow x colu mn

. tan" t A be he matiix, hen.

A
an
Ami amn

A [aj/man
As crtlec a mabin onades (os) tps mx n.

2.() sow matiin

i.Csin") sin ( c ) -/i-x* A maiin having nly onu Yow
ces(rin') /i- Column malii.
A matiir having only one c d u n .

(i) spno maliin (n) ull matin

A matii having each etmed as
b i n " y = Ai' (a V-y-y /T-)

C co'y- as"(ay -/7-a /-4).

7.. . : :
(i) sauanu matiin.
sorss amd cdumns.
A maliin haing same no.

2
and

Tan'n ta e
dapane main oth saase
natin d
1dn is 3.
orden i 2.
ase t i e
Note: The ebmen an a22 a s 3 * * "ar

elemtnth He sgrwau
maein A*laijnx
aagonal
(Siagomal maiin
elbminti as
3oo
Amatiin having the en
- diaaonal
 not s. ) niangulas maiin
may
a may is allda
And h diagmal
eemeni
Amabin ,ppes
a ua
2iangulas
Tiianglat maiin.

A[ailaxa called
w A iiangulas mati
sou
n is wité,
as sbictly iangula ao f aliai,?, s , . . n .
WiA disg.zonal mainu maaiees.
l a,, 1 . as3...
Ann 3. () Adollien
aiaqgnal
()scalas maliin.
whick a l l diagnal eltonenz ae
main in
A diagonal
ua Then, A+8 a
are sealas matiices

b+3
Le drt
(vi) alantty matiin o ) unit mañin:*
scala mati wheh each diagmal ebment is Not:{ A and8 au ot
q The sam otda, hen At8 is

Hot e f i n e d and e say b a t A anod 6 me uo7 c m p a l i h e

wmig
h A+8.
mañices on sum

a n e ilinti& r uni
ultiactin matiic
p mulas mahia
7 a s c maRin whi eh has a l l the elemeniá baoas */7
Th
psineipnl diagmal as
34o. Then, A-8

( ra
iiamsulas malhin i
d-t
7
ane maiise h i e h has a l he elemarió alboe
h aderJ
paincipal diagmal as
3no Rules: . A+8 8+A. naAs.
[a, e and c a some
(AtB)+C =
A+ lB+c). oamd A S

= A = 0 + A. Ois a null m a n i n
A+ sama iaeA.

4.a)(-A)- O -CA)+ (
 Wht A:a,7 d ib addtur i n e (ant)(6).(ev))
(e)
mX Ax 8 (axs)+(6va)+
(det)(exv)(f*»)
-A: -ijJmn (as)tle ru)./t)

(ui) Ngatr fa malin L (S6)(tre)

(se)/t*)
8xA esxa)rltra) (urb)+ve) (c)+n
tur*
(ur a) (vy)
(wb)» ( we)
wne)t(art
(wne)t(»*)
Cwx a)t r )

(n)it A:A nd8

(laphcatin a matn by scalas (rumbea)
a a

(any)(bx t)|
19 A -3 and dcolas vmbut 3. =
Ax 6(a z)+ (6r3) (cy)(drt)
ea)ds)
Lea)(f) (xy)+(*)
5A:2x3 x
-3x 39x3 8xA is mot dufined.

3A
amd

Rults: 1{A, B ane P

hvo mahu f ke same ondes and
k ,l anu
any salas, Kn 8A is mot dined
.(k4)A kA+ lA (ax)+(bxa)+(e xp)
2.
k(A+8)- kA +k8. Ax8 (a(evn)+fe*o)
A)+/ex-)+(tYp)
.
(k L)A k(1A) - {(kA). Cdk)+(exn)+(fro)
9A)(henfixo) (g»t)+ (Axn)+(i xp)|
4. 1A =
A.

5. (-1) A -A. Rules () AB + 84

amn
ra
mutiplcotin fmaiies. A an B
a
BA ase
B
A: 6it)
re) (uigu
Ax B-
ar s)+(6 xu) (axt)+(bx 64:
(ex s)+(dru (ct) AC + 8c.
and (At 8)C
(i) A(8+C)- A8 +Ac
md B- Gi) (AB)C =A(B)

(i)- scalas A(A8) -(AA)s =A(a8).

 A=A
mxa
main ,
han
ATA
9vn A pxn
an

, A
A[a]
nan
nalhin ,
her
Praprtin tvanapos
( y A: [a,i]
s an

(DA) A
AOx Onrq
A s caltol e
A) -A'
maiin
He
Sn a p t o d a t AB, callio
the pest
Wo:
6
and he
matiin
(w) (aa)'- a't8
- faco Ki
main A has be
facta.
ho t aay
that
main B anel h me (A-8)': a'-e
he
Ly A.
Ke r a b i i n
post-mukipdicd

mulaie y
been e - 6. iymmetive madiin .
has maie.

s2uau
4. ) Pawess A
39uae malii calld symmtiie A-A.
hi sguon
mñin.
t A
E: i. skeus - symmiiie maliin
AA

AAA matheia is ecald shus-symmithu A-A

7. Elimentany o p n d i s a maiin

lmentany menat ns on s s a e ntliol elumertny

AA- AA"*. fa al peslie inlizesg,m.
ew pesadions.

Gi) Mabiirn polynaial limtnlary

r am-, Aamn is
Calleol a opesalims e arhumns a calliel
frA)= a, A^+ a, A olemantay codumn qpenalion.
* polnamial
s said l e
h elmbnlasy Aew () column pestin s am
apralien
The pdyd nial eualin flh)-o
ha mnabin A tA) =o, hhere o s a

salenficol 6y I h e intinchanze v o sous a crtmas,

sids nxA.
huld matkin ( ThL multzicalim Th eemanki
a y Aos e t dumn
5Vnandpost df a maiin ya nn
- 34o neal numbe.
t A be he mali. and he Kanspoe makin A
h Th adolitio hu elhmen
ny iow o cotunn , the
A A'.

hn A
muwlyplied by any nm-zo eal numbe.
8. Jnuenible matiices.
No: Thu Anw beames t h cotumn amd hu cotumn t A be a mpas matiix d e n, then A aled
becmes the no he hanposn qa manin. nvili innretbt itf hue erusts a s9uaie mahin
 d
nliy lon Ma ths Chapter 4: Drtermina nts

inants
mtu-
has it m m i n i a nigu e l umby alhd dlanin ai
artu
V
a mabi n, dndtd ty dt a ar Inl smolimts, a dimirnrm

Ne A 1. nittir
. thin detiuminant
det A- lAl- a

.alut t a dlimirant
ochminant a mabin of 1du ru.

at a
-[a] he a
sune matir f rdu 1, e n det A la -

anel nbe
of h aiiminart h umbs itel! iielal= a.

xah A=[-37, en det A- |-3/ - -3

i eeltminant of a mabiin dn tio:
ades Ken
be a sauane maliin 2,
2

dt A anad i valu is
gjiotn by

tA -| A 4 la2.- aa/aa
a2 - A11121

5(-1)-3()
-5-

i) oelominant o a matiin nces ue.

3, Kken
at A a mnathin ads
be a
sguate
a2 az3

a32
 ndi nluu

by
ht A =

|. hen
ag2

Aa a,s19 M 7 / -7 M1-3/--3. Min

a,3 - / 2 /
dtt A- a a
M 14l-4 Ma2 / /- a.

A3
s)-Ai»(a1s-43s1)+
ai (a
Aa-1)*"M,
nasg-4as A t-1)"M
+3
arit alisnalinl e
: Working Ruk. frst how
anit
he
elmtnliKe
alurays
has pouliwe A2-)*M2 2* Ma
sign,
he finst element -4
2
an ualix eone edum
Aas a any
dominant

ti dilisminant By any
signed ementby
a
aotumn in 4
npanin
Mudtp
each and hi
sow (s cohi)
hi
poduili felemená a n y
sow

d s obtained afi dluling he sum

s eqat
hia canaponaling etaetu
dismin ant u i k
mesd.
whisd k a t lement
a
he vmlu he ditninant.
adeu 2 .
2 This d u ft eny diltimin ard a
be a dtisminant ds 3,h r
s (a-4)+ 2(16)-o (-))+s/0)-o
3 ()2/1)t 5(4).
5 4 + 14 + 20. A)a Ar2:-|a *as, As"("|A
88.
3.
Minars amol
cofatrs.
Ket 4- a 13 A2 r l , Aas+-)***| As, A,1--)***| A
Ain A
a
* a1 a 3 2n a 32 a33
n Ana n 3 ..an

adiliminarts s Mj A-) 2 s.Aa (-)°**|a s , Az3 69°*"| A2

Then mne alemertt aj; n he

he
he dtllaminani A is
h
cofacto He ebmint aj; i n
- i Mij
: Aj
Mi
j Mij i t j s euen ar

A A An 1 A2 + 3 A13
jMij i t j s oda. +

5. Phopesies elizminani
 each ilnent
vnbu
no,
ALn u 7
nan
somm t h i s nowla) column o
3eo
hiuminan 6 máAis
peny io: JL A and ae
squaue
Pep
d e , Then d t As - odet A. olet B.

nou and cddmnu

aminant
att
nenmains
inliiehange wnehagtol.
i o aous (a thmn
amnant
detiminant ba,
tiha
diliminant
Colasy: any nrwo) atamn f a
m
Aows (a) c a u m n s , n 7HL Aesalling lemminan
caumns of d
Jtiminan s,-
Prepe a n e l dfe n t e a l (pasallet
5:
knG
a w s e )
a l l c n e s p e n o l n g elhnmerilá a e m e ), Aer
maat

k, #in a
dilbiminant
2 # umbes
Calut Re
w
rittplind
diuminam
by
is
same

k Emes he a 7 7R n i i n a

dilisunenent
N : The d t i m i n a n t fa skus- ymine T *d mder nak
.

l i i s sas d c d m n s a ditmerant
ndday s
o prtal1l
suh t h a t Ki elemtna e n e n e 2ui- a l p e s
ase he
,
7:
cael limat a Aow lb) a ceiimn detormirant
minan
bii sum
f io mett ilisminanb
be npssid as

u nos tunns aue not a i i u d .

cach sement a Aow y a dunn diiminas a

addid thi enui-multeples h canusporading etrert

a n neuA ln) columns, Ko value of he dilibminanA
mais mehansA

lrnenti lmant
conspond
 Chapter s f e r e n t i a t i o n

j|Mam nometvienctions :
Serivatives 7Trigo
Wott
() tnpmertal puniim
a
dogaitknie unetin
(as n)
a. a

d
t -) -esu () loa/ loya-la9a
d

valus funcim
2 Berivatives absolute 5. Som impertant dedulioms
alg
du a. Nott
e r i afives Inese rigenomnhie hunelie
3.
69(oya)
(sim")
#o

lcos)-
aloa dr loja)
(ta)* .+ 6.Serioatisx of shne a,v me kteeitabl hunei

0(t) l ) = u dn
dlv og u)

()(er")
4.Serivativesenponuntial
and koganitkmie untins

6) lonx). >o.
dr
 Chapter
& Sntegrals

holefinia atztals stanadaud

iligsa

me
elmintay
Fower Rule umnales. 4uatient :Rran.
4 denaminalot
ntl + C , nz . oumominalin
dn 2 wo
nt Apeeial om:
0dr x +C.
nt
x.

log/»/+C
,

- d f dn- ugl f())+ C, f() *o.

/ fa)
a>o

+C,
afi, Foun stamdasol ntigsals
09a'd a
loga tan n dn logl ue »l+C = n -oglces n|tC
a t dr log lainal+e
a = .

C.
6i)simn
dr» - oj

ceien ds lglemcex -utnl+c n

ta+C.
eoen More tanaara Integrals
+C.
-cetx
dn-
cwrwe'

Jrtiyra -dr = L tan +C.

hdiliniá ta a
puapuliu
. Ae /»l<a.
-d» =
sin a
+C,

cntandt
k-
ds,
9kfo)dr=k/{) a
-
+/f(9ka.
t)+f-)As =f44)4 ds -dog/»+V+ar/+c.
htigsalier by substtlaien:
ta
logln+/at-a?+c, I»/ >a.
i
-

1. Apecial oom: *-a

/ t ) dr-Fl»)+C. Not
ato. Pt
lan +b)dr-Fax+)+ c,
md

an+batc Jlan + bn +c
A (2an +6) + 8.
(an*+bx +c)+8
-

P+4 A
 Frulins
alin
ktigradun y
nions

Pr umd LATE vu
- a ) x -6)

() -6)( - )

P , afh i)T uugmantba f n t r

(-a)(-6)
t pammtal fortir
A A pual r
e(tto) + 4 t)dr - e*ft)+c
Pr +
Thu mv atmdasd wtizral
( - a ) »*+ bn+e9
Canmat
hin +br +C
ldued

An+8 Ca
+arttb +Cn +d
(+ar+6)(»*+cr+d)
+d
whue * + a r +b, ^t
en

annt be atoued
n1

htigsatior para thn

ard gh) au dgurtinh furdima, 4
)
n

Intnepatio rti amd n vsthz.

udr-u/vds -/(a/vd-)d
limit e Lrt
tio furtis
ilipal q h praduet f
-

wnde
nei: up
itaral meend rtigtal (mit roports h r i htiztalh
-

T t rtim
tost x htigral nd Ptd Jf(t) dt
y-/4h.

Maty hagti to Pobability

LKausPaebability
0 AC8, han h u n s
A
eiB
( + )A
evtn
)nd
#/fla-»)ds
PIA) EP(8)
kHla4A)d«/flu-nds.
Pl8-A)- P(8)-PA)
. f i s - ) . - A )

PlAUE)- P(A) +P{8)

wm ,+PA)
4UA.UA,)» P(Al)+P(A,)
i eerli
Mutually eneusist and
enhaustve

P/A)+Pla)-1.
PA)+ PlA,}t... +P{An)-i
lddtin. therem mprdbabilitu
PAUe)-PA) +pl6)-P{AN8)
PAUB)= P(1-8)+P[8-A)+P{An6)
P[AUB): P/A) +P(8-A) -Ple)+P/A-8)

P(A)=P(A-8)+ P/An8)
P(8)- Pl8-A) +P(An8)
P(A-B)= P(AN)
P(B-A):P(An8)
PHA)+P/8)-PA-8)+P[8-A)+2P/An8).
HAN)
-Plan6)-P(anc)-
FAUGUC)» P{A)+ M6)+P)
+P(an8nc).

2. Lenditmal Probability
0 PlA18)- PAn8) , P(®)4o.
P(4)
6) P(B1A)- P(AnB), PA) to
PIA)
 Eguation

(m)Aont phepelies tnditienal

pebablet, Dforential

o P(AI8) < 1:
Chapter

P(AUBI F)
P(A'1B)- 1- P(A18)
)+P(8IP)-P(An 81IE\ Maths
4 .Order_and degr
derio lher

hste Pewe

dr deysue. deyres
eivaiae.
o1dus1

3h kaw Total Probabilt, y

E , E. E3. . . , a e mutiially enchusive Amd a degset = L.

ewend amoeiatid wi samph pacuSA ondes = 2

amelem
a
y t = o

pniment amol A 6 amy evtnt Meciatid wik, not dfined.

s.
p o l y n e m i a l

P(A)=P()) P[AIE,)+P(E1) P(A1E)+... +P degsee

a
nmial

P(EP(AlE)
in
ordu 2 ,

s h o d e l
be

4 Bayp s Theetum. 9estion

The
hole
fom. he q u t
P(EIA) =
P(E) P(AIE) , Ahere å =!, i,3 not
dlined
PCE) P(AIE) gre
is
h n the
cqua er
PCIA) PlE) PlALE) a
dlfererlial
w i vaMiabtes sepasablh.

Song
PIE)P{AIE)+P(E)P(AIE) rential eqations
h e diourtal eqyuti
9y)
dy-fta) d. ha
6
daid
s
equstin can be solred

diferentat
h
R
uch tapallens
aiabtas tyasablh aned
selitim gir 7
betk sidles.Gereal
ymligsalig
7 + C,
whee C & *
/f)d*
/949) ay
a s i i a r y m s l a n T

eyualient
3 Hamog¢necus dleental dy-f(%j)
dgonantal auatien h o fom dn
dleentta
s called a hemogentous o e n t i a
etca- 9(,y) fundien
dy aed 9 (n,1) e hemo9eneous
eauotion #(»)
 REGRLS310N

dfesentat uatin dt

(feuntal
Ttuus, a he
fpis d LiNEAR

( 2:
C h a p t e r

1/ caltd a
homogene a Maths
T sotur homogeneous dpntial equat

put y-vVx ,
Then
v+ dand
d

hu salues
4uatien t
amoa
d
will be udueiblh vasiabte
the giu
habit s ()

u
* - 4
and
v = y - 8 ,

Euv-1
tutv), amuml mias;

stigsoting h t k smdhs. Then thu soect Cou,)

a
8
btain eod. and
by
o dieneal eauatian Wher
A

Coutr, )
Lnty
+ ineas_dlfeuntial Cualos Y Eny b
x -83
60 amd
V=

h u Paned a t aonstärts fmiiens af E u v - t u bv -

A

Y
called a dintas difesenbnl ualior f h . h

in y dyvariaá:

3. Regsnin oicend
d e v i n t i n

s t h d l a r d

*-Vaniatt

E +y =, whuu Paned 9 au fnetians

de g
stamdasd
d e i a l i a n ef
factonlu

d m a l

Pda
a e

Then at has e itasatinga amol i by Ea-5)(y-2)

eln-)*
**,

umbe.
y -7

elutin
m u m b e s .

is gitn by m a l l

ae

y
y (i.F)-/g(LF)d + C.

Pr Q, whuu P aned nthons

m funcio o.
Euv u A amol B ae
asumid
mians,

s
sodtion by 8.

e JPay
ama y-
u x -4
1E. ,

hin t kas as
an
amol
y, tu'-tu)

3tn by Jhe nngnin line

(F)- Jg (1F.)dy + C.
 br The
line

v a n i a b t i

bb
tndeptndent

Cov (n )(g-9)
Agiutin

a n

lina
Tho
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