SHREE GURU GOVIND SINGH MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, SCHOOL OF NURSING NANDED

LESSON PLAN
ON
HEART

[Link] DNYANESHWAR
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson plan the group will able understand the structure and function of Heart which that circulate blood throughout
body and will able to apply same knowledge in their clinical experience.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
1. Introduction of Heart and Describe the location of the Heart in thoracic cavity region.
2. Discuss the location of Heart with reference to surrounding structures.
3. Explain the structure of heart.
4. Explain the blood supply of heart.
Sr. Specific objectives Time Content Teaching A.V Aids Evaluation
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1. Introduction of 5 Min THE HEART Lecture cum PowerPoint
Heart and Describe presentation
The heart is a roughly cone-shaped hollow muscular discussions.
the location of the
organ.
Heart in thoracic
It is about 10 cm long and is about the size of the
cavity region. owner’s fist.
It weighs about 225 g in women and is heavier in men
(about 310 g).
Position The heart lies in the thoracic cavity in the
mediastinum (the space between the lungs).
It lies obliquely, a little more to the left than the right,
and presents a base above, and an apex below.

The apex is about 9 cm to the left of the midline at the

level of the 5th intercostal space, i.e. a little below the
nipple and slightly nearer the midline.
The base extends to the level of the 2nd rib.

Sr. Specific objectives Time Content Teaching A.V Aids Evaluation

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In mediastinum behind the sternum between 2nd
and 6th ribs.

Shifted to left.

Posteriorly between 5th to 8th thoracic vertebra.

Apex that is lowest point lies on Diaphragm.

Sr. Specific objectives Time Content Teaching A.V Aids Evaluation
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2. Discuss the 10 Min Organs associated with the heart Lecture cum PowerPoint
location of Heart presentation
Inferiorly – the apex rests on the diaphragm. discussions.
with reference to
surrounding Superiorly – the great blood vessels, i.e. the aorta, Torso
structures. superior vena cava, pulmonary artery and pulmonary
veins.

Posteriorly – the oesophagus, trachea, left and right

bronchus, descending aorta, inferior vena cava and
thoracic vertebrae.

Laterally – the lungs – the left lung overlaps the left side
of the heart.

Anteriorly – the sternum, ribs and intercostal muscles.

Sr. Specific objectives Time Content Teaching A.V Aids Evaluation
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3. Explain the 15 Min Interior of the heart Lecture cum PowerPoint
structure of heart. presentation
Atria : These are the thin-walled receiving chambers of discussions.
heart.
Torso
They are separated from each other by inter-auricular
septum.
Interauricular septum has an oval depression called
fossa ovalis.
It is a remnant of the embryonic aperture called
foramen ovalis.

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary

sinus open into the right atrium. Opening of the
postcaval is guarded by a Eustachian valve while the
Thebesian valve guards the opening of coronary sinus
into right atrium.
Four pulmonary veins open into the left atrium.
These openings are without valves.

Both the atria open into the ventricles of their

respective sides by atrioventricular apertures.
These openings are guarded by cuspid valves.
The tricuspid valve is present in the right AV aperture
and bicuspid valve (mitral valve) is present in the left AV
aperture.
All these heart valves help in maintaining a
unidirectional flow of blood.
They also avoid back flow of blood.

Ventricles : These are inferior, thick-walled pumping

chambers of the heart.
The right and left ventricles are separated by an
interventricular septum.
Wall of the left ventricle is more muscular and about 3-
times thicker than the right ventricle.
Inner surface of the ventricles shows several ridges
called columnae carnae or trabeculae carnae which
divide the lumen of ventricle into small pockets or
fissures.

The lumen of ventricles also shows inelastic fibers called

chordae tendinae. These attach the bicuspid and
tricuspid valves to the ventricular wall (papillary
muscles) and regulate their opening and closing.
The right ventricle opens into the pulmonary aorta and
left ventricle opens into the aorta. These openings are
guarded by three semilunar valves each. These valves
prevent the backward flow of blood into the ventricles.
Sr. Specific objectives Time Content Teaching A.V Aids Evaluation
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4. Explain the 15 Min Blood supply to the heart (the coronary Lecture cum PowerPoint
blood supply of circulation) presentation
discussions.
heart.
Torso
Arterial supply

The heart is supplied with arterial blood by the right and

left coronary arteries, which branch from the aorta
immediately distal to the aortic valve (Figs 5.16 and
5.18). The coronary arteries receive about 5% of the
blood pumped from the heart, although the heart
comprises a small proportion of body weight. This large
blood supply, especially to the left ventricle, highlights
the importance of the heart to body function. The
coronary arteries traverse the heart, eventually forming
a vast network of capillaries.

Venous drainage

Most of the venous blood is collected into a number of

cardiac veins that join to form the coronary sinus, which
opens into the right atrium. The remainder passes
directly into the heart chambers through little venous
channels.