CHAPTER 26 • ASSESSMENT CHAPTER ASSESSMENT

TERMS & NAMES

TERMS & NAMES For each term or name below, write a sentence explaining its
1. containment, p. 811
VISUAL SUMMARY significance to the Cold War.
2. North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1. containment 6. John Foster Dulles
(NATO), p. 814 COLD WAR CONFLICTS 2. North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO)
7. brinkmanship
8. Central Intelligence
3. Mao Zedong, p. 8116 3. Mao Zedong Agency (CIA)
4. Korean War, p. 817 4. Korean War 9. Nikita Khrushchev
CAUSES 5. McCarthyism 10. U-2 incident
5. McCarthyism, p. 826
6. John Foster Dulles, p. 829 • Soviet domination of Eastern Europe
• Communist victory in China
MAIN IDEAS
7. brinkmanship, p. 829
• Mutual suspicion between United Use your notes and the information in the chapter to answer
8. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), p. 829 the following questions.
States and Soviet Union
9. Nikita Khrushchev, p. 832
Origins of the Cold War (pages 808–814)
10. U-2 incident, p. 833 1. What were the goals of U.S. foreign policy in the Cold War?
2. Describe the Truman Doctrine and how America reacted to it.
MAIN IDEAS 3. What was the purpose of the NATO alliance?

1. To encourage democracy; to gain access The Cold War Heats Up (pages 815–821)
to raw materials and markets; to rebuild 4. What global events led to U.S. involvement in Korea?
5. What issue between General Douglas MacArthur and
Europe; to contain Soviet expansion President Truman eventually cost MacArthur his job?
2. A policy of helping countries resist

✹
The Cold War at Home (pages 822–827)
Communist takeover; strongly supported 6. What actions of Joseph McCarthy worsened the national
by Americans hysteria about communism?
3. To prevent Soviet aggression 7. How did the Rosenberg case fuel anti-communist feeling?
THE COLD WAR
4. Communist victory in China; North Korea’s Two Nations Live on the Edge (pages 828–833)
attack on South Korea 8. How did the U.S., including the CIA, wage the Cold War in
5. Truman wanted to limit the Korean War to the 1950s?
Korea. MacArthur wanted to bomb and
CRITICAL THINKING
invade China.
1. USING YOUR NOTES Create a cause-and-effect diagram like
6. McCarthy’s allegation of Communists in
the one shown for each of these events: (a) the United States’
government and in the armed forces adoption of a policy of containment, and (b) the beginning of
7. The Rosenberg case involved transfer of the nuclear arms race between the United States and the
Soviet Union.
nuclear secrets to the Soviets; Americans
feared any Soviet influence in the United IMMEDIATE EFFECTS Cause Effect
States and their possession of nuclear Event
• Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
weapons.
• East-West tensions over Berlin
8. By sponsoring covert actions to overthrow Cause Effect
• Establishment of NATO and
governments unfriendly to the United Warsaw Pact
States • McCarthyism 2. ANALYZING EVENTS What government actions during the
Communist scare conflicted with the Bill of Rights? Explain.

LONG-TERM EFFECTS 3. INTERPRETING MAPS Look carefully at the map on page

811. How did the absence of a natural barrier on the western
• Arms race between superpowers border of the Soviet Union affect post-World War II Soviet
• Superpower rivalry for world power foreign policy? Explain your answer.

836 CHAPTER 26

CRITICAL THINKING
1. Using Your Notes bomb. Effect—U.S. develops an 3. Interpreting Maps Some stu-
(a) Event—containment H-bomb. Cause—U.S. tests dents may say that the lack of a
Cause—Soviet aggression in H-bomb. Effect—Soviets develop natural barrier caused the Soviets
Europe; Effect—Truman Doctrine. an H-bomb. Cause—U.S. builds to create buffer nations. Others
Cause—Soviets hold West Berlin nuclear arsenal. Effect—Soviets may argue that the Soviets would
hostage; Effect—Berlin airlift. build a comparable arsenal. have created buffer nations even
Cause—North Koreans invade 2. Analyzing Events Loyalty Review if they had provided natural pro-
South Korea; Effect—U.S. enters Board, HUAC, McCarran Act, tection.
the Korean War. McCarthy’s unsupported
(b) Event—nuclear arms race accusations
836 CHAPTER 26 Cause—Soviets explode atomic
 CHAPTER 26 • ASSESSMENT

Standardized Test Practice

Standardized Test Practice
Use the quotation below and your knowledge of U.S. Use the cartoon below and your knowledge of
history to answer question 1. U.S. history to answer question 2.
1. The correct answer is C.
“ In 1945 I had ordered the A Bomb dropped on The bomb was used to bring an end to
Japan at two places devoted almost exclusively military actions in World War II. To bomb
to war production. We were at war. We were try- China during the Korean Conflict would
ing to end it in order to save the lives of our sol- have started a war with the Chinese.
diers and sailors. . . . We stopped the war and Letters A and D are incorrect because
saved thousands of casualties on both sides.
China was just as much of a military
In Korea we were fighting a police action with power as Japan, and the Chinese, too,
sixteen allied nations to support the World
were fierce fighters. Letter B is incorrect
Organization which had set up the Republic of
Korea. We had held the Chinese after defeating
because, in each case, more countries
the North Koreans and whipping the Russian Air would have been affected by the actions
Force. I just could not make the order for a Third than just the United States and the coun-
World War. I know I was right.” try that was bombed.
—Off the Record: The Private Papers 2. The correct answer is F.
of Harry S. Truman
2. What point of view about the arms race does this The cartoon shows that the arms race
1. According to President Truman, what was the main 1950 cartoon best support? threatened the world. Letter G is incorrect
difference between using the atomic bomb on F The arms race between “Russia” and the because the cartoon does not refer to
Japan in 1945 and the possibility of using it on United States is as dangerous as a war. Communism. Letter H is incorrect because
China in 1951? G Communism uncontained will spread. the bombs were a threat to all countries,
A Japan was more of a military power in 1945 H The bombs of the United States only threaten
than China was in 1951. countries other than the United States.
including the United States. Letter J is
B In 1945 we had many allies, but in 1951 we J The United States needs to build up its arsenal incorrect because it shows that the
had only two. in order to compete with “Russia.” nuclear arsenals of both nations were
C In 1945 the bomb ended a world war, but in equally dangerous.
1951 it would have started one.
ADDITIONAL TEST PRACTICE, pages S1–S33.
D The Japanese were much fiercer fighters than
the Chinese were.
UNIT
ITEST PRACTICE CLASSZONE.COM

PROJECT

ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT DEBATE

Tips for Teaching
1. INTERACT Recall your discussion of 2. LEARNING FROM MEDIA View the
W IT H H IS TORY the question on page 807: American Stories video, “The Cold War • Tell students in a formal debate they have a
Comes Home: Hollywood Blacklists the Kahn specified time limit to present their argu-
What do you do when a friend is Family.” Discuss the following questions, and then ment and a specified time limit in which to
do the activity:
accused? respond to the opponents challenges.
• How was Gordon Kahn caught up in events
Suppose your best friend has been accused of beyond his control? • Have students prepare their opening speech.
being a Communist. You have been called to serve • Remind students to use evidence to support
as a character witness for him or her. • What alternatives did Gordon have? Do you think
Write a speech that you will present to the he chose the right path? Explain your opinion. their arguments.
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). In Cooperative Learning Activity With a small group, • The Unit Project is introduced on page 730
your speech explain why you feel that your friend’s create a step-by-step flowchart to show how of the student text.
constitutional rights are being violated. Gordon Kahn’s life, reputation, and career were
ruined by blacklisting.

Formal Assessment
Cold War Conflicts 837 • Chapter Test, Forms A, B, and C,
pp. 467–478

ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT
1. INTERACT WITH HISTORY 2. LEARNING FROM MEDIA
Rubrics Rubrics
The speech. . . The flow chart should. . .
• should focus on the issue of constitutional rights • be organized chronologically
• use specific details to support the speaker’s position • clearly describe events
• employ oral skills and use persuasive techniques • show cause-and-effect relationships

Cold War Conflicts 837