GENDER & 20
23
SOCIETY
Feminism,
Gender & Sexuality
Across Time
MDKSSoliven | WU-P 2023
LEARNING Identify the
OUTCOMES objectives of
feminist
Discuss the historical roots of our
movement in
understanding of gender and sexuality and
show appreciation of how this society.
understanding evolved through time, and
affected various aspects of human life
MDKSSoliven | WU-P 2023
MDKSSoliven | WU-P 2023
INTRODUCTION Egalitarian
Society
(men and women have equitable
power and roles)
Archeological artifacts reveal that
in the distant past, during the dawn
of civilizations, human societies
have had high regard for women.
The concept of the divine feminine
(the sacredness of the woman due
to her ability to conceive children)
has prevailed and thus, women
were treated equally with men.
INTRODUCTION Paternity
(fatherhood / role of the father in
conception)
Agricultural era
when societies began to establish
settlement communities and
tamed cattle and livestock
Productive
versus
Reproductive
MDKSSoliven | WU-P 2023
PATRIARCHY
social system where men primarily hold power in the political and private spheres
It is a system based on the control and oppression of women wherein they are
perceived to be the weaker sex.
It is a structure that upholds male supremacy in the law, at home,
in the work place, and in society
Patriarkhes "the rule of the father"
MDKSSoliven | WU-P 2023
PATRIARCHY
social system where men primarily hold power in the political and private spheres
Patrilineal society a society in which only men can inherit property and the
family name
Patrilineal societies often follow patriarchal societies
Women were left with no inheritance and were expected to marry a man who
can support her economically.
MDKSSoliven | WU-P 2023
PATRIARCHY
social system where men primarily hold power in the political and private spheres
Patriarchy is viewed by most sociologists as a social construct and
not as a biological phenomenon
Before the Agricultural era, pre-historic hunter-gatherer tribes and civilization
prioritized equality of all its members, male and female.
History suggests an egalitarian system, rather than a patriarchal one.
MDKSSoliven | WU-P 2023
Historical Views
on Gender
GREECE EGYPT CHINA
Aristotle, Plato, and other Egyptian civilization prior to In accordance to
Greek philosophers the conquest of Alexander Confucianism, women
viewed women as the the Great, was a civilization were expected to obey
inferior sex and are in which women can inherit their father. and when
properties of men whose property and engage in she is married she is to
trade and politics, allowing
only job was to obey their obey her husband, and
them a higher social status
husbands, bear children, when she is widowed she
compared to that of Greek
and take care of the is to obey her son.
women.
household.
MDKSSoliven | WU-P 2023
A LONG WAY SINCE
ANCIENT TIMES
Still, patriarchal has taken on subtle forms of
oppression that often go unnoticed
Sexism
prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination based on sex
Gender Pay Gap
men are afforded higher
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Content compared to women
Underrepresentation in politics,
military, executive positions, etc.
A LONG WAY SINCE
ANCIENT TIMES
Still, patriarchal has taken on subtle forms of
oppression that often go unnoticed
Rape on women and the stigma making
women ashamed to report the crime
Very conservative expectations on
women and how they behave
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Unrealistic depictions of women in fiction;
often very sexualized
A LONG WAY SINCE
ANCIENT TIMES
Still, patriarchal has taken on subtle forms of
oppression that often go unnoticed
Women do more housework and childcare
Boys were trained to be leaders while
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women were trained to do house chores
Women
Empowerment
Women's Liberation Movement /
Women's Movement /
FEMINISM
Against the
Patriarchy
a continuing series of
social movements
that aim to
challenge the
patriarchal society
that creates these
oppressive political
structures, beliefs,
and practices
against women
Women's Liberation Movement /
Women's Movement /
FEMINISM
First-Wave Feminism
19th and early 20th century
First-wave feminism spread across the
western countries as women demanded for
their right to vote or participate in elections
and be able to legally own property
Frenchwoman Simone de Beauvoir and her
book "The Second Sex" (1949) inspired
many women to write and speak their truth
Women's Liberation Movement /
Women's Movement /
FEMINISM
Second-Wave Feminism
1960's through the 80's
Women drew attention to various social
and cultural inequalities such as domestic
violence especially marital rape,
reproductive rights, wage inequality and
the like.
Women's Liberation Movement /
Women's Movement /
FEMINISM
Third-Wave Feminism
begun in the 1990's and was prominent
prior to the 4th Wave
Barriers presented by sexism, racism, and
classism were tackled by inverting these The third wave saw the emergence of new
sexist, racist, and classist symbols with feminist currents and theories, such as
irony - fighting violence with stories of intersectionality, sex positivity, vegetarian
survival and combatting continued ecofeminism, transfeminism, and
exclusion with grassroots activism postmodern feminism
Women's Liberation Movement /
Women's Movement /
FEMINISM
Fourth-Wave Feminism
began around 2012
characterized by a focus on the
empowerment of women, the use of
internet tools, and intersectionality
became a movement for women to share
their stories online about sexual abuse,
sexual harassment, sexual violence, the
objectification of women, and sexism in the
workplace.
Women's Liberation Movement /
Women's Movement /
FEMINISM
Fourth-Wave Feminism
#AndNow or NowWhat in Canada
#WoYeShi (Mandarin for 'MeToo') in China
#BalanceTonPorc (French for 'DenounceYourPig' or 'ExposeYourPig') in France
#NotinMyName in India
#QuellaVoltaChe (Italian for 'The Time That') in Italy
#BoycottAliZafar, #BoycottTeefainTrouble, #TeefaisTrouble in Pakistan
#BabaeAko (Filipino for 'I Am a Woman') in the Philippines
#YoTambien (Spanish for 'MeToo')[ in Spain
#AmINext in South Africa
To put simply,
FEMINISM
demands
EQUALITY
FEMINISM
Here are a few salient points that
demands feminism demands:
EQUALITY
Women suffrage
women's rights to vote
Equality in politics and society Reproductive rights
so that decision-making means that the woman is in
bodies may adequately control of her body and she
address genuine and can decide what is best for her
persisting problems
FEMINISM
Here are a few salient points that
demands feminism demands:
EQUALITY
CONCERN FOR THE FOLLOWING ISSUES:
Domestic Violence Sexual Harassment and Sexual
Violence
marital rape and physical abuse
should not be dismissed as "part The Center for Women's
of marriage" Resources in the Philippines
estimates that one woman or
child is raped every hour,
mostly by someone they know.
SUMMARY
Recognizing patriarchy in the simplest things
we do is very important for us to identify these
instances so we can change it. Even the
simplest acts that are seemingly harmless
can be analyzed and seen as a way to force
women into submission and compliance.
That is the power of putting labels on
oppressive acts, and you can call it out and
stop it.
Feminism gained women access to
education, right to vote, right to work, take
control of their reproduction, and the right to
say no instead of just obeying. However, there
is still much to be done for gender equality.
You do not have to be a
woman to understand
that everyone must be
treated with the same
respect and that
everyone is free and equal
in dignity and in rights
REFERENCES
Botor, N.P., Peralta, E.P. and Laude, T. M.
(2019). A course module for gender and
society: a human ecological approach. REX
Book Store
Higgins, C. (2018). The age of patriarchy:
how an unfashionable idea became a
rallying cry for feminism today. The
Guardian.
https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/
june/22/the-age-of-patriarchy-how-
rallying-cry-for-feminism-today
Presented by: MDKS Soliven
