Q1.
(i) Give two ways in which white blood cells protect us from disease.
1. _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(ii) Explain, as fully as you can, how immunisation protects us from disease.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 5 marks)
Q2.
(a) The diagrams show the structures of a yeast cell and a bacterial cell.
(i) Both the yeast cell and the bacterial cell have structures A and B.
Name structures A and B.
A ___________________________
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B ___________________________
(2)
(ii) The yeast cell and the bacterial cell have different shapes and sizes.
Give one other way in which the structure of the bacterial cell is different from
the structure of the yeast cell.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) Sourdough bread is light in texture and tastes slightly sour. The bread is made using
two types of microorganism, a yeast and a bacterium. The bacterium can make
acids such as lactic acid. The acid makes the bread taste sour.
The graph shows how the growth rates of the yeast and the bacteria change with
temperature.
Temperature in °C
(i) Sourdough bread rises fastest at 27°C.
Use information from the graph to explain why.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(ii) The bread tastes most sour if it rises at 32°C.
Use information from the graph to explain why.
______________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 7 marks)
Q3.
Pathogens are microorganisms that cause infectious diseases.
(a) The graph shows the percentage of children under 5 years old who died from
infectious diseases, in the UK, in four different years.
(i) Between 1750 and 1850 vaccinations were also developed.
What is in a vaccine?
Tick (✔) one box.
large amounts of dead pathogens
large amounts of live pathogens
small amounts of dead pathogens
(1)
(ii) The advances in medicine had an effect on death rate.
Describe the effect these advances had between 1750 and 1850.
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To gain full marks you should include data from the graph above.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(b) Antibiotics were developed in the 1940s. Antibiotics kill bacteria.
(i) Which one of the following is an antibiotic?
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
cholesterol penicillin thalidomide
(1)
(ii) The use of antibiotics has not reduced the death rate due to all diseases to
zero.
Suggest two reasons why.
1. ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(c) In school laboratories, bacteria should be grown at a maximum temperature of
25 °C.
Give one reason why companies testing new antibiotics grow bacteria at 37 °C.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Q4.
The body’s immune system protects us from diseases.
Describe the different ways in which white blood cells protect us from infectious diseases.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 4 marks)
Q5.
Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections.
(a) Which substance is used as an antibiotic?
Tick (✓) one box.
Aspirin
Digitalis
Penicillin
(1)
Gonorrhoea and chlamydia are two sexually transmitted infections.
Gonorrhoea and chlamydia infections can be treated with antibiotics.
(b) Give one symptom of gonorrhoea.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
A scientist investigated which antibiotics were most effective at treating gonorrhoea and
chlamydia.
This is the method used.
1. Grow gonorrhoea bacteria in a Petri dish.
2. Prepare four different antibiotic solutions, A, B, C and D, of the same
concentration.
3. Cut four filter paper discs to the same size.
4. Soak each paper disc in a different antibiotic solution.
5. Put the four paper discs into the Petri dish.
6. Repeat steps 3 to 5 using a Petri dish with chlamydia bacteria growing in it.
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7. Keep both Petri dishes at 25 °C for 3 days.
(c) Give two control variables used in this investigation.
1 _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2 _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
The figure below shows the results.
A clear area around a paper disc is where the antibiotic has killed the bacteria.
(d) Which antibiotic did not kill either type of bacterium?
Tick (✓) one box.
A B C D
(1)
(e) Which antibiotic would be the most effective to treat a person with a gonorrhoea
infection?
Tick (✓) one box.
A B C D
(1)
(f) Which antibiotic would be the most effective to treat a person who had both
gonorrhoea and chlamydia infections?
Tick (✓) one box.
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A B C D
(1)
(g) Antibiotics cannot be used to treat HIV infections.
Suggest one reason why.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
Fungi can cause an infection of the fingernails and toenails.
Fungal nail infections can spread from one person to another person.
(h) Some people go to nail salons to have their nails shaped and painted.
Suggest one way workers in nail salons can reduce the risk of infections being
spread.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(i) Suggest one reason why fungal infection of toenails is more common than fungal
infection of fingernails.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 10 marks)
Q6.
New drugs have to be tested before they can be sold.
The graph shows how much time the different stages of testing took for a new drug.
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Time in years
(a) (i) How much time did the laboratory testing of the drug take?
____________________ years
(1)
(ii) Suggest what the drug was tested on during laboratory testing.
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) Clinical trials are carried out on human volunteers and patients.
(i) How much time did the clinical trials take for this drug?
______________________________________________________________
____________________ years
(2)
(ii) During Phase 1 clinical trials, the drug is tested on healthy volunteers using
low doses.
Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.
find the best dose.
The reason for Phase 1 testing is to see if the drug works.
see if the drug has side effects.
(1)
(iii) During Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials, half of the volunteers are given a
fake drug called a placebo in a double blind trial.
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In a double blind trial, who knows which volunteers are given the drug and
which volunteers are given the placebo?
Tick ( ) one box.
Tick ( )
The doctors but not the volunteers
The doctors and the volunteers
The volunteers but not the doctors
Neither the volunteers nor the
doctors
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Q7.
The drawings show the structure of three types of blood vessel, A, B and C. They are
drawn to the scales indicated.
(a) Name the three types of blood vessel.
A _______________________________
B _______________________________
C _______________________________
(3)
(b) Describe the job of blood vessel B.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
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Q8.
(a) The diagram shows the structure of a bacterial cell.
(i) On the diagram use words from the box to label structures A, B and C.
cell membrane cell wall chloroplast cytoplasm plasmid
(3)
(ii) Give one difference between the structure of the bacterial cell and an animal
cell.
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(iii) Name one structure that is found in a plant cell but is not found in a bacterial
or an animal cell.
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) Cells can be specialised for a particular job.
The diagram shows the structure of a human sperm cell.
Describe how the long tail and the mitochondria help the sperm to do its job.
Long tail ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Mitochondria ________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(4)
(Total 9 marks)
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Q9.
(a) Draw a ring around one word to answer each of the following questions.
(i) Which type of blood vessel carries blood out of the heart?
artery capillary vein
(1)
(ii) Which type of blood vessel allows substances to enter and leave the blood?
artery capillary vein
(1)
(b) Use words from the box to complete the sentences.
alveoli cell membrane nucleus
plasma red blood cells villi
Oxygen enters the blood through the walls of the __________________________ .
Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is carried in the
_________________________________________________________________ .
A red blood cell is different from other body cells because it does not have a
________________________________ .
(3)
(Total 5 marks)
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