Worksheet: Introduction to Databases and DBMS

Part 1: Important Database Terms

1. What is a Database?
• Answer: A database is a structured collection of data organized to facilitate
efficient retrieval, storage, and manipulation of information.
2. Define Table.
• Answer: A table is a collection of related data organized in rows and columns,
where each row represents a record, and each column represents a field.
3. Explain the term "Record" in a database.
• Answer: A record is a complete set of fields that represents a single instance or
entry in a table. It contains all the information related to a specific entity.
4. What is a Primary Key?
• Answer: A primary key is a unique identifier for a record in a table. It ensures that
each record can be uniquely identified and helps maintain data integrity.

Part 2: Functions of DBMS

5. List three functions of a Database Management System (DBMS).

• Answer:
1. Data Storage: Manages the storage of data efficiently.
2. Data Retrieval: Enables users to retrieve information quickly.
3. Data Security: Provides mechanisms to secure and control access to the
database.
6. Explain the role of DBMS in data integrity.
• Answer: DBMS ensures data integrity by enforcing constraints such as unique
keys and referential integrity, preventing inconsistent or incorrect data in the
database.

Part 3: Database Objects

7. Name three common database objects.

• Answer:
1. Tables
2. Queries
3. Forms
8. What is the purpose of a Query in a database?
• Answer: A query is used to retrieve specific data from one or more tables based
on specified criteria. It helps in extracting information that meets certain
conditions.

Part 4: Creating a Database

9. Briefly outline the steps for creating a database in MS Access.

• Answer:
 1. Open MS Access and select "Blank Database."
2. Provide a name for the database.
3. Define the location to save the database file.
4. Create tables by specifying fields and data types.
5. Establish relationships between tables if needed.
10. Why is it important to define a Primary Key when creating a table?
• Answer: Defining a Primary Key ensures the uniqueness of each record,
preventing duplicate entries and establishing a reliable way to identify and link
records across tables.

Worksheet: MS Access 2010 Basics

Part 5: Components of MS Access 2010 Window

1. List three main components of the MS Access 2010 window.

• Answer:
1. Ribbon: Contains tabs, each with related commands for database tasks.
2. Navigation Pane: Displays objects like tables, queries, forms, and reports.
3. Datasheet View: Allows users to view and edit data in a table-like grid.

Part 6: Data Types

2. Name three common data types in MS Access 2010.

• Answer:
1. Text: Stores alphanumeric characters.
2. Number: Stores numeric data.
3. Date/Time: Stores date and time values.
3. Explain the use of the "Memo" data type.
• Answer: The "Memo" data type is used for storing large amounts of text, allowing
for the storage of lengthy descriptions or notes.

Part 7: Primary Key

4. What is the purpose of a Primary Key in a table?

• Answer: A Primary Key uniquely identifies each record in a table, ensuring data
integrity by preventing duplicate records and providing a basis for establishing
relationships between tables.
5. Can a table have more than one Primary Key?
 • Answer: No, a table can have only one Primary Key. However, a composite key,
which consists of multiple columns, can be used to achieve uniqueness.

Part 8: Changing the View

6. How can you change the view of a table in MS Access 2010?

• Answer: Click on the View button in the lower-right corner of the MS Access
window and select the desired view, such as "Design View" or "Datasheet View."

Part 9: Creating Tables

7. List three steps involved in creating a table in MS Access 2010.

• Answer:
1. Open MS Access and select the "Table Design" view.
2. Define the fields, specifying names and data types.
3. Set a Primary Key and save the table.
8. Why is it important to define data types when creating a table?
• Answer: Defining data types helps ensure data accuracy and consistency by
specifying the kind of data that can be entered into a field, reducing errors and
enhancing data quality.

Part 10: Modifying Tables and Their Content

9. How can you add a new field to an existing table in MS Access 2010?
• Answer: Open the table in Design View, scroll to the first empty row in the field
list, and define the new field by entering its name and data type.
10. Explain the process of modifying the content of a table.
• Answer: Open the table in Datasheet View, click on the cell you want to modify,
and enter the new data. Alternatively, use the "Update" query to change multiple
records simultaneously.

Worksheet: MS Access 2010 Advanced Features

Part 11: Saving a Database

1. Describe the process of saving a database in MS Access 2010.

• Answer: To save a database, click on the "File" tab, select "Save Database As,"
choose a location, enter a name, and click "Save."
 2. What are the different file formats in which you can save a database in MS Access?
• Answer: MS Access databases can be saved in formats like ACCDB (default for
Access 2007 and later), MDB (for Access 2003 and earlier), and ACCDE (a
compiled, read-only version).

Part 12: Opening an Existing Database

3. Explain how to open an existing database in MS Access 2010.

• Answer: Click on the "File" tab, select "Open," navigate to the location of the
database, and double-click on the database file to open it.
4. What is the difference between opening a database in "Read-Only" mode and
"Exclusive" mode?
• Answer: Opening a database in "Read-Only" mode allows users to view data but
not make changes, while opening in "Exclusive" mode provides full access for
making changes.

Part 13: Queries

5. Define a query in MS Access 2010.

• Answer: A query is a database object that retrieves specific data from one or more
tables based on specified criteria, helping to filter and sort information.
6. What is the purpose of a parameter query?
• Answer: A parameter query prompts the user to input specific criteria when the
query is run, allowing for dynamic and flexible data retrieval.

Part 14: Forms

7. What is a form in MS Access, and why is it used?

• Answer: A form is a database object that provides a user-friendly interface for
entering, viewing, and editing data. It simplifies data input and enhances user
experience.
8. List two types of forms in MS Access 2010.
• Answer:
1. Single Form: Displays one record at a time.
2. Continuous Form: Displays multiple records in a tabular format.

Part 15: Reports

9. Define a report in MS Access 2010.

• Answer: A report is a formatted presentation of data from one or more tables,
providing a way to organize, summarize, and present information for printing or
viewing.
10. Explain the purpose of grouping in a report.
• Answer: Grouping in a report allows data to be organized based on common
characteristics, such as grouping sales data by month. It provides a structured and
meaningful presentation of information.
Worksheet: Introduction to OpenOffice I

Part 1: OpenOffice Writer

1. What is OpenOffice Writer?

• Answer: OpenOffice Writer is a word processing software included in the
OpenOffice suite. It allows users to create and edit documents such as letters,
reports, and manuscripts.
2. List three key features of OpenOffice Writer.
• Answer:
1. Word Processing: Create and edit text documents.
2. Formatting Tools: Apply various formatting styles to text and
paragraphs.
3. Template Support: Use templates for quick document creation.
3. Explain the purpose of the "Styles" feature in OpenOffice Writer.
• Answer: Styles in OpenOffice Writer are sets of formatting attributes that can be
applied to text, making it easy to maintain a consistent and professional look
throughout a document.

Part 2: OpenOffice Impress

4. What is OpenOffice Impress?

• Answer: OpenOffice Impress is a presentation software in the OpenOffice suite. It
enables users to create slideshows with text, graphics, animations, and
multimedia elements.
5. List two advantages of using OpenOffice Impress for presentations.
• Answer:
1. Free and Open Source: OpenOffice Impress is freely available, allowing
users to create professional presentations without incurring costs.
2. Compatibility: Supports various presentation formats and is compatible
with other popular presentation software.
6. How can you add animations to slides in OpenOffice Impress?
• Answer: To add animations, select the object on a slide, go to the "Slide Show"
menu, choose "Custom Animation," and then apply animation effects and
settings.

Part 3: General Concepts

7. Explain the concept of "Open Source Software."

• Answer: Open source software is software for which the source code is made
available, allowing anyone to inspect, modify, and enhance it. OpenOffice is an
example of open source software.
8. What are the benefits of using free and open-source office suites like OpenOffice?
 • Answer:
1. Cost-Free: Users can access and use the software without incurring
licensing fees.
2. Community Collaboration: Open source software benefits from a
community of developers contributing to its improvement.
3. Customization: Users can modify the software to meet their specific
needs.

Worksheet: Introduction to OpenOffice II

Part 1: OpenOffice Calc

1. What is OpenOffice Calc?

• Answer: OpenOffice Calc is a spreadsheet software included in the OpenOffice
suite. It is used for creating, editing, and analyzing spreadsheets containing
numerical data.
2. List three key features of OpenOffice Calc.
• Answer:
1. Spreadsheet Functions: Perform calculations and data analysis using
built-in functions.
2. Charts and Graphs: Create visual representations of data.
3. Cell Formatting: Apply various formatting styles to cells and data.
3. Explain the use of cell references in formulas in OpenOffice Calc.
• Answer: Cell references in formulas identify the location of data within the
spreadsheet. They help in creating dynamic and flexible formulas that update
when data in referenced cells changes.

Part 2: OpenOffice Base

4. What is OpenOffice Base?

• Answer: OpenOffice Base is a database management application within the
OpenOffice suite. It provides tools for creating and managing databases, forms,
queries, and reports.
5. List two advantages of using OpenOffice Base for database management.
• Answer:
1. Integration: Seamlessly integrates with other OpenOffice applications for
data sharing.
2. User-Friendly Interface: Offers an intuitive interface for designing
databases and creating forms.
6. Describe the role of forms in OpenOffice Base.
 • Answer: Forms in OpenOffice Base provide a user-friendly interface for entering
and viewing data in a database. They enhance data input efficiency and improve
the overall user experience.

Part 3: General Concepts

7. Explain the concept of a "Spreadsheet" in the context of OpenOffice Calc.

• Answer: A spreadsheet is a grid of cells arranged in rows and columns. Each cell
can contain data, formulas, or functions. OpenOffice Calc uses spreadsheets to
organize and analyze numerical data.
8. What is the purpose of a "Database Management System" (DBMS) in the context of
OpenOffice Base?
• Answer: A DBMS, such as OpenOffice Base, is a software application that
facilitates the creation, management, and organization of databases. It provides
tools for creating tables, forms, queries, and reports to efficiently handle data.

Worksheet: Frames in HTML

Part 1: Frames

1. Define Frames in the context of HTML.

• Answer: Frames in HTML refer to a feature that allows the division of a web page
into multiple, independent sections, each displaying a separate HTML document.
Frames enable the simultaneous display of multiple web pages within a single
browser window.
2. What is the primary purpose of using frames on a website?
• Answer: The primary purpose of using frames is to create a layout where multiple
HTML documents can be displayed in different sections of a webpage
simultaneously. Frames can be used to achieve a modular and dynamic layout.

Part 2: Frame Tag <FRAME>

3. Explain the purpose of the <FRAME> tag in HTML.

• Answer: The <FRAME> tag is used to define an individual frame within a frameset. It
specifies the source document (URL) that will be loaded into that frame and may
include attributes such as frameborder, scrolling, and name.
4. List two attributes commonly used with the <FRAME> tag and describe their purposes.
• Answer:
1. src: Specifies the source (URL) of the document to be displayed in the
frame.
2. name: Assigns a name to the frame, allowing links and other elements to
target that specific frame.
Part 3: Frameset Tag <FRAMESET>

5. Define the <FRAMESET> tag in HTML.

• Answer: The <FRAMESET> tag is used to define the structure of frames within a
webpage. It contains <FRAME> tags as its children, specifying the arrangement and
dimensions of the frames in rows or columns.
6. How does the cols attribute in the <FRAMESET> tag work?
• Answer: The cols attribute in <FRAMESET> determines the width of each column in a
frameset. It takes a comma-separated list of values representing the width of each
column. For example, cols="25%, 75%" divides the frameset into two columns with
a 25% and 75% width, respectively.

Part 4: Nested Frameset

7. Explain the concept of a Nested Frameset in HTML.

• Answer: A Nested Frameset occurs when a <FRAMESET> tag is placed within another
<FRAME> or <FRAMESET> tag. This allows for the creation of more complex frame
structures with multiple levels, providing greater flexibility in webpage layout.
8. What is the advantage of using a Nested Frameset?
• Answer: A Nested Frameset allows for a more intricate and customizable webpage
layout by dividing the content into multiple levels of frames. This can be useful
for creating sophisticated designs and managing content in a hierarchical
manner.

Practical Exercises:

Exercise 1: Creating a Basic Frameset

1. Create an HTML document with a frameset containing two frames.

2. Frame 1 (frame1.html): Display a simple webpage with a heading and some text.
3. Frame 2 (frame2.html): Display a different webpage with an image and a list.
4. Use the <FRAMESET> tag to define the structure, and the <FRAME> tags to specify the source
for each frame.

Exercise 2: Using Frame Attributes

1. Extend the frameset from Exercise 1 to include a third frame.

2. Frame 3 (frame3.html): Display a webpage with a form containing input fields and a submit
button.
3. Experiment with attributes like cols in the <FRAMESET> tag to control the width of the
frames.
4. Utilize attributes like frameborder , scrolling , and name in the <FRAME> tags to customize each
frame.
Exercise 3: Creating Nested Framesets

1. Create a new HTML document with a frameset.

2. Frame 1 (frameA.html): Display a webpage with a navigation menu using an unordered list
(<ul>).
3. Frame 2 (frameB.html): Create a nested frameset with two frames.
• Frame 2.1 ( frameB1.html): Display content related to the selected menu item.
• Frame 2.2 ( frameB2.html): Display additional details or information.
4. Use appropriate attributes and tags to structure the frameset and frames.

Worksheet: HTML5 - Introduction

Part 1: New Features in HTML5

1. List three new features introduced in HTML5.

• Answer:
1. Semantic Elements: New tags like <header> , <footer> , <nav> , and <article>
for improved page structure.
2. Canvas: A drawing surface for graphics and animations.
3. Local Storage: Storage options for web applications directly in the
browser.
2. Explain the significance of the <section> and <article> tags in HTML5.
• Answer: <section> is used to define a section in a document, while <article>
represents a self-contained piece of content. They enhance the semantic structure
and clarify the purpose of different parts of a webpage.

Part 2: Backward Compatibility

3. How does HTML5 maintain backward compatibility with older browsers?

• Answer: HTML5 is designed to be backward compatible. Older browsers that do
not recognize new HTML5 tags will treat them as inline elements, ensuring that
content remains accessible and functional.
4. Name one method to check browser compatibility for HTML5 features.
• Answer: Using the website caniuse.com, which provides information on browser
support for various web technologies.

Part 3: Points to Remember for Writing HTML5 Code

5. List two points to remember when writing HTML5 code.

• Answer:
1. Doctype Declaration: Use <!DOCTYPE html> to specify the HTML version.
2. Character Encoding: Include <meta charset="UTF-8"> in the <head> for
proper character encoding.

Part 4: Tags in HTML5

6. Provide an example of a semantic tag introduced in HTML5 and its purpose.

 • Answer: Example: <nav> (Navigation). It is used to define navigation links on a
webpage.
7. How does the <aside> tag differ from the <article> tag?
• Answer: <aside> is used for content tangentially related to the content around it,
while <article> is used for self-contained, independent content.

Part 5: Attributes in HTML5

8. Name an attribute introduced in HTML5 for embedding responsive images.

• Answer: srcset attribute allows specifying multiple image sources with different
resolutions.
9. Explain the purpose of the placeholder attribute in HTML5.
• Answer: The placeholder attribute is used in form elements to provide a hint or
example of the expected value.

Part 6: Inserting Images

10. What is the <img> tag used for in HTML?

• Answer: The <img> tag is used to embed images in an HTML document.
11. How can you specify an alternative text for an image in HTML?
• Answer: Use the alt attribute within the <img> tag to provide alternative text for
the image.

Part 7: Inserting Audio and Video Files

12. Name two tags introduced in HTML5 for embedding audio and video files.
• Answer:
1. <audio> for embedding audio files.
2. <video> for embedding video files.
13. Provide an example of an attribute used in the <video> tag.
• Answer: Example: controls attribute, which adds playback controls like play, pause,
and volume.

Practical Exercises:

Exercise 1: Implementing Semantic Elements

1. Create a new HTML5 document and use semantic elements to structure the content.
• Include <header> , <nav> , <section> , <article> , <aside> , and <footer> tags.
• Write meaningful content within each section.

Exercise 2: Checking Browser Compatibility

 2. Explore the caniuse.com website to check the compatibility of HTML5 features across
different browsers.
• Pick one HTML5 feature and examine its browser support.

Exercise 3: Writing HTML5 Code

3. Implement an HTML5 document following best practices:

• Use <!DOCTYPE html> for the doctype declaration.
• Include the <meta charset="UTF-8"> tag for character encoding.
• Add a <title> element to provide a title for the document.

Exercise 4: Working with Semantic Tags

4. Create a webpage related to a specific topic (e.g., technology, science, or hobbies).

• Use semantic tags such as <section> , <article> , and <aside> to organize the
content.
• Add appropriate headings and paragraphs.

Exercise 5: Inserting Images

5. Insert multiple images into a webpage using the <img> tag.

• Use the src attribute to specify image sources.
• Experiment with the alt attribute to provide alternative text.

Exercise 6: Embedding Audio and Video

6. Embed an audio and a video file into the webpage using the <audio> and <video> tags.
• Include controls for playback.
• Try different file formats for compatibility.

Exercise 7: Responsive Design with Images

7. Make the images in Exercise 5 responsive.

• Utilize the srcset attribute to provide different image sources based on device
resolution.
• Implement media queries to adjust image sizes for different screen widths.