1.

Areas in tail of the standard normal distribution

0 z

Z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0.0 0.5000 0.4960 04920 0.4880 0.4840 0.4801 0.4761 0.4721 0.4681 0.4641
0.1 0.4602 0.4562 0.4522 0.4483 0.4443 0.4404 0.4364 0.4325 0.4286 0.4247
0.2 0.4207 0.4168 0.4129 0.4090 0.4052 0.4013 0.3974 0.3936 0.3897 0.3859
0.3 0.3821 0.3783 0.3745 0.3707 0.3669 0.3632 0.3594 0.3557 0.3520 0.3483
0.4 0.3446 0.3409 0.3372 0.3336 0.3300 0.3264 0.3228 0.3192 0.3156 0.3121

0.5 0.3085 0.3050 0.3015 0.2981 0.2946 0.2912 0.2877 0.2843 0.2810 0.2776
0.6 0.2743 0.2709 0.2676 0.2643 0.2611 0.2578 0.2546 0.2514 0.2483 0.2451
0.7 0.2420 0.2389 0.2358 0.2327 0.2296 0.2266 0.2236 0.2206 0.2177 0.2148
0.8 0.2119 0.2090 0.2061 0.2033 0.2005 0.1977 0.1949 0.1922 0.1894 0.1867
0.9 0.1841 0.1814 0.1788 0.1762 0.1736 0.1711 0.1685 0.1660 0.1635 0.1611

1.0 0.1587 0.1562 0.1539 0.1515 0.1492 0.1469 0.1446 0.1423 0.1401 0.1379
1.1 0.1357 0.1335 0.1314 0.1292 0.1271 0.1251 0.1230 0.1210 0.1190 0.1170
1.2 0.1151 0.1131 0.1112 0.1093 0.1075 0.1056 0.1038 0.1020 0.1003 0.0985
1.3 0.0968 0.0951 0.0934 0.0918 0.0901 0.0885 0.0869 0.0853 0.0838 0.0823
1.4 0.0808 0.0793 0.0778 0.0764 0.0749 0.0735 0.0721 0.0708 0.0694 0.0681

1.5 0.0668 0.0655 0.0643 0.0630 0.0618 0.0606 0.0594 0.0582 0.0571 0.0559
1.6 0.0548 0.0537 0.0526 0.0516 0.0505 0.0495 0.0485 0.0475 0.0465 0.0455
1.7 0.0446 0.0436 0.0427 0.0418 0.0409 0.0401 0.0392 0.0384 0.0375 0.0367
1.8 0.0359 0.0351 0.0344 0.0336 0.0329 0.0322 0.0314 0.0307 0.0301 0.0294
1.9 0.0287 0.0281 0.0274 0.0268 0.0262 0.0256 0.0250 0.0244 0.0239 0.0233

2.0 0.02275 0.02222 0.02169 0.02118 0.02068 0.02018 0.01970 0.01923 0.01876 0.01831
2.1 0.01786 0.01743 0.01700 0.01659 0.01618 0.01578 0.01539 0.01500 0.01463 0.01426
2.2 0.01390 0.01355 0.01321 0.01287 0.01255 0.01222 0.01191 0.01160 0.01130 0.01101
2.3 0.01072 0.01044 0.01017 0.00990 0.00964 0.00939 0.00914 0.00889 0.00866 0.00842
2.4 0.00820 0.00798 0.00776 0.00755 0.00734 0.00714 0.00695 0.00676 0.00657 0.00639

2.5 0.00621 0.00604 0.00587 0.00570 0.00554 0.00539 0.00523 0.00508 0.00494 0.00480
2.6 0.00466 0.00453 0.00440 0.00427 0.00415 0.00402 0.00391 0.00379 0.00368 0.00357
2.7 0.00347 0.00336 0.00326 0.00317 0.00307 0.00298 0.00289 0.00280 0.00272 0.00264
2.8 0.00256 0.00248 0.00240 0.00233 0.00226 0.00219 0.00212 0.00205 0.00199 0.00193
2.9 0.00187 0.00181 0.00175 0.00169 0.00164 0.00159 0.00154 0.00149 0.00144 0.00139

3.0 0.00135 0.00131 0.00126 0.00122 0.00118 0.00114 0.00111 0.00107 0.00104 0.00100
3.1 0.00097 0.00094 0.00090 0.00087 0.00084 0.00082 0.00079 0.00076 0.00074 0.00071
3.2 0.00069 0.00066 0.00064 0.00062 0.00060 0.00058 0.00056 0.00054 0.00052 0.00500
3.3 0.00048 0.00047 0.00045 0.00043 0.00042 0.00040 0.00039 0.00038 0.00036 0.00035
3.4 0.00034 0.00032 0.00031 0.00030 0.00029 0.00028 0.00027 0.00026 0.00025 0.00024

3.5 0.00023 0.00022 0.00022 0.00021 0.00020 0.00019 0.00019 0.00018 0.00017 0.00017
3.6 0.00016 0.00015 0.00015 0.00014 0.00014 0.00013 0.00013 0.00012 0.00012 0.00011
3.7 0.00011 0.00010 0.00010 0.00010 0.00009 0.00009 0.00008 0.00008 0.00008 0.00008
3.8 0.00007 0.00007 0.00007 0.00006 0.00006 0.00006 0.00006 0.00005 0.00005 0.00005
3.9 0.00005 0.00005 0.00004 0.00004 0.00004 0.00004 0.00004 0.00004 0.00003 0.00003

1
 4. Percentage Points of Student’s t Distribution

This table gives percentage points of the t-distribution on v d.f. These are the values of t for
which a given percentage, P, of the t-distribution lies outside the range -t to +t. As the
number of degrees of freedom increases, the distribution becomes closer to the standard
normal distribution.

P 50 20 10 5 2 1 0.2 0.1
v=1 1.00 3.08 6.31 12.7 31.8 63.7 318 637
2 0.82 1.89 2.92 4.30 6.96 9.92 22.3 31.6
3 0.76 1.64 2.35 3.18 4.54 5.84 10.2 12.9
4 0.74 1.53 2.13 2.78 3.75 4.60 7.17 8.61
5 0.73 1.48 2.02 2.57 3.36 4.03 5.89 6.87
6 0.72 1.44 1.94 2.45 3.14 3.71 5.21 5.96
7 0.71 1.42 1.89 2.36 3.00 3.50 4.79 5.41
8 0.71 1.40 1.86 2.31 2.90 3.36 4.50 5.04
9 0.70 1.38 1.83 2.26 2.82 3.25 4.30 4.78
10 0.70 1.37 1.81 2.23 2.76 3.17 4.14 4.59
11 0.70 1.36 1.80 2.20 2.72 3.11 4.03 4.44
12 0.70 1.36 1.78 2.18 2.68 3.05 3.93 4.32
13 0.69 1.35 1.77 2.16 2.65 3.01 3.85 4.22
14 0.69 1.35 1.76 2.14 2.62 2.98 3.79 4.14
15 0.69 1.34 1.75 2.13 2.60 2.95 3.73 4.07
16 0.69 1.34 1.75 2.12 2.58 2.92 3.69 4.01
17 0.69 1.33 1.74 2.11 2.57 2.90 3.65 3.96
18 0.69 1.33 1.73 2.10 2.55 2.88 3.61 3.92
19 0.69 1.33 1.73 2.09 2.54 2.86 3.58 3.88
20 0.69 1.32 1.72 2.09 2.53 2.85 3.55 3.85
22 0.69 1.32 1.72 2.07 2.51 2.82 3.51 3.79
24 0.68 1.32 1.71 2.06 2.49 2.80 3.47 3.75
26 0.68 1.32 1.71 2.06 2.48 2.78 3.44 3.71
28 0.68 1.31 1.70 2.05 2.47 2.76 3.41 3.67
30 0.68 1.31 1.70 2.04 2.46 2.75 3.39 3.65
35 0.68 1.31 1.69 2.03 2.44 2.72 3.34 3.59
40 0.68 1.30 1.68 2.02 2.42 2.70 3.31 3.55
45 0.68 1.30 1.68 2.01 2.41 2.69 3.28 3.52
50 0.68 1.30 1.68 2.01 2.40 2.68 3.26 3.50
55 0.68 1.30 1.67 2.00 2.40 2.67 3.25 3.48

2
 60 0.68 1.30 1.67 2.00 2.39 2.66 3.23 3.46

 0.67 1.28 1.64 1.96 2.33 2.58 3.09 3.29

5. Percentage Points of the Chi-Square Distribution

This table gives percentage points of the chi-square distribution on  d.f. These are the
values of for which a given percentage, P, of the chi-square distribution is greater than .

P 97.5 95 50 10 5 2.5 1 0.1

v=1 .000982 0.00393 0.45 2.71 3.84 5.02 6.64 10.8
2 0.0506 0.103 1.39 4.61 5.99 7.38 9.21 13.8
3 0.216 0.352 2.37 6.25 7.81 9.35 11.3 16.3
4 0.484 0.711 3.36 7.78 9.49 11.1 13.3 18.5
5 0.831 1.15 4.35 9.24 11.1 12.8 15.1 20.5
6 1.24 1.64 5.35 10.6 12.6 14.5 16.8 22.5
7 1.69 2.17 6.35 12.0 14.1 16.0 18.5 24.3
8 2.18 2.73 7.34 13.4 15.5 17.5 20.1 26.1
9 2.70 3.33 8.34 14.7 16.9 19.0 21.7 27.9
10 3.25 3.94 9.34 16.0 18.3 20.5 23.2 29.6
11 3.82 4.57 10.3 17.3 19.7 21.9 24.7 31.3
12 4.40 5.23 11.3 18.5 21.0 23.3 26.2 32.9
13 5.01 5.89 12.3 19.8 22.4 24.7 27.7 34.5
14 5.63 6.57 13.3 21.1 23.7 26.1 29.1 36.1
15 6.26 7.26 14.3 22.3 25.0 27.5 30.6 37.7
16 6.91 7.96 15.3 23.5 26.3 28.8 32.0 39.3
17 7.56 8.67 16.3 24.8 27.6 30.2 33.4 40.8
18 8.23 9.39 17.3 26.0 28.9 31.5 34.8 42.3
19 8.91 10.1 18.3 27.2 30.1 32.9 36.2 43.8
20 9.59 10.9 19.3 28.4 31.4 34.2 37.6 45.3
22 11.0 12.3 21.3 30.8 33.9 36.8 40.3 48.3
24 12.4 13.9 23.3 33.2 36.4 39.4 43.0 51.2
26 13.8 15.4 25.3 35.6 38.9 41.9 45.6 54.1

3
28 15.3 16.9 27.3 37.9 41.3 44.5 48.3 56.9
30 16.8 18.5 29.3 40.3 43.8 47.0 50.9 59.7
35 20.6 22.5 34.3 46.1 49.8 53.2 57.3 66.6
40 24.4 26.5 39.3 51.8 55.8 59.3 63.7 73.4
45 28.4 30.6 44.3 57.5 61.7 65.4 70.0 80.1
50 32.4 34.8 49.3 63.2 67.5 71.4 76.2 86.7
55 36.4 39.0 54.3 68.8 73.3 77.4 82.3 93.2
60 40.5 43.2 59.3 74.4 79.1 83.3 88.4 99.7

4
 6. Percentage Points of the F Distribution

These tables give values for which the

percentage of the F distribution in the
title is above the tabulated value F.

The F distribution arises from the ratio of two independent estimates of a variance; v1
represents the degrees of freedom of the estimate in the numerator and v2 the degrees of
freedom of the estimate in the denominator.

(a) 10% Points of the F distribution

v1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 24
v2 = 2 8.53 9.00 9.16 9.24 9.29 9.33 9.35 9.37 9.39 9.41 9.45
3 5.54 5.46 5.39 5.34 5.31 5.28 5.27 5.25 5.23 5.22 5.18
4 4.54 4.32 4.19 4.11 4.05 4.01 3.98 3.95 3.92 3.90 3.83
5 4.06 3.78 3.62 3.52 3.45 3.40 3.37 3.34 3.30 3.27 3.19
6 3.78 3.46 3.29 3.18 3.11 3.05 3.01 2.98 2.94 2.90 2.82
7 3.59 3.26 3.07 2.96 2.88 2.83 2.78 2.75 2.70 2.67 2.58
8 3.46 3.11 2.92 2.81 2.73 2.67 2.62 2.59 2.54 2.50 2.40
9 3.36 3.01 2.81 2.69 2.61 2.55 2.51 2.47 2.42 2.38 2.28
10 3.28 2.92 2.73 2.61 2.52 2.46 2.41 2.38 2.32 2.28 2.18
11 3.23 2.86 2.66 2.54 2.45 2.39 2.34 2.30 2.25 2.21 2.10
12 3.18 2.81 2.61 2.48 2.39 2.33 2.28 2.24 2.19 2.15 2.04
13 3.14 2.76 2.56 2.43 2.35 2.28 2.23 2.20 2.14 2.10 1.98
14 3.10 2.73 2.52 2.39 2.31 2.24 2.19 2.15 2.10 2.05 1.94
15 3.07 2.70 2.49 2.36 2.27 2.21 2.16 2.12 2.06 2.02 1.90
16 3.05 2.67 2.46 2.33 2.24 2.18 2.13 2.09 2.03 1.99 1.87
17 3.03 2.64 2.44 2.31 2.22 2.15 2.10 2.06 2.00 1.96 1.84
18 3.01 2.62 2.42 2.29 2.20 2.13 2.08 2.04 1.98 1.93 1.81
19 2.99 2.61 2.40 2.27 2.18 2.11 2.06 2.02 1.96 1.91 1.79
20 2.97 2.59 2.38 2.25 2.16 2.09 2.04 2.00 1.94 1.89 1.77
22 2.95 2.56 2.35 2.22 2.13 2.06 2.01 1.97 1.90 1.86 1.73
24 2.93 2.54 2.33 2.19 2.10 2.04 1.98 1.94 1.88 1.83 1.70
26 2.91 2.52 2.31 2.17 2.08 2.01 1.96 1.92 1.86 1.81 1.68
28 2.89 2.50 2.29 2.16 2.06 2.00 1.94 1.90 1.84 1.79 1.66
30 2.88 2.49 2.28 2.14 2.05 1.98 1.93 1.88 1.82 1.77 1.64
35 2.85 2.46 2.25 2.11 2.02 1.95 1.90 1.85 1.79 1.74 1.60
40 2.84 2.44 2.23 2.09 2.00 1.93 1.87 1.83 1.76 1.71 1.57
45 2.82 2.42 2.21 2.07 1.98 1.91 1.85 1.81 1.74 1.70 1.55
50 2.81 2.41 2.20 2.06 1.97 1.90 1.84 1.80 1.73 1.68 1.54
55 2.80 2.40 2.19 2.05 1.95 1.88 1.83 1.78 1.72 1.67 1.52
5
60 2.79 2.39 2.18 2.04 1.95 1.87 1.82 1.77 1.71 1.66 1.51

6
7